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The Finite Element Method for the Analysis of Non-Linear and ...

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Elastoplasticity<br />

Response <strong>for</strong> cyclic loading<br />

Isotropic hardening: <strong>the</strong> yield stress is higher as <strong>the</strong> cyclic loading progresses<br />

Kinematic hardening: <strong>the</strong> difference between unloading stress <strong>and</strong> new yield<br />

stress in <strong>the</strong> opposite direction <strong>of</strong> loading is constant <strong>and</strong> equal to 2σ y.<br />

Figure: isotropic hardening in tension<br />

Figure: kinematic hardening<br />

Institute <strong>of</strong> Structural Engineering <strong>Method</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Finite</strong> <strong>Element</strong>s II 26

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