TheImprovement ofTropical and Subtropical Rangelands

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80 IMPROVEMENT OF TROPIOAL AND SUBTROPIOAL RANGELANDS set of individual maps and reports. Field expell8el!l are reduced by combining activities, and mapping consistency and analysis quality are improved by complementary collaboration. The landscape or land systems approach to resource lIIIe8IIIlent wu develoPed and applied first in Australia after World War n. The problems faced there were not unusual: large areas ofthe country had to be surveyed quickly and accurately to determine their agricultural potential. This highly successful approach is still used in Australia. Comparable approaches have been develoPed by other countries in many parts of the world for agricultural, military, and engineering purposes. In the following discuaions, the Australian terminology is employed. The land systems approach has a hierarchical structure of units (figure 4-1). The smallest unit of land recognized is the land element. It is defined primarily by slope, and is essentially homogeneous in all properties, corresponding to the concept of "site." Because of its limited extent, it is never mapped at the resource assessment level, but rather is the primary focus of site evaluation, as described in the following chapter. The next largest unit of land is the land facet, which consists of a set of related land elements, commonly on the same landform. It is seldom mapped in a resource UIe8Iment. The land system is the largest unit, and consists of geomorphologically and geographically aasociated patterns of land facets. The land system is the most commonly used mapping unit in this approach and is well suited to the general purposes of the resource assessment. Archival Research JDrormatlcm Ac:qulaltlcm Metbodl A search of archival sources of information is done at the beginning of the project to gather the work that has been done to map and describe land characteristics of the region. This avoids a duplication of previous work, and builds on the experience and insights of other workers in the region. Published information on land characteristics exists for essentially all parts of the world. The types of information that can be found include maps and descriptions ofclimate, soil, and vegetation. Most of this information is extremely small in scale (for instance, world or regional maps produced by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization). Although continental-scale maps are not suitable for a final assessment, they are a useful starting point.
REGIONAL RESOUROB ASSB88MENT 81 Aqaba Granite Complex AQABA GRANITE COMPLEX Desert Dissected granite hills Includes acid and basic Igneous rock. Porphyry and narrow dolerite dikes locally prominent. No. Form Soils Vegetation 1 Crest: bare rock Lithosols V. thin scrub 2 Bare rock slopes. including (88) porphyry and dolerite dikes 3 Wadis Bouldery. stony and Rather sparse sandy regosols scrub. Acacia spp.. R.tama ra.tam. (4bb. 4s. or 1Ob) 4 Steep screes and coarse Boulders Sparse. deepblock lans rooted chenopods and shrubs (SC.4h) 5 Gravel lans (smaller Gravel Sparse Ha/olCylon stones than 4) salicornicum (4n) e Desert lIats. including Stony and sandy NO' small wadis regosols 7 Mud lIats Salt and clay: Almoat bare saline • ND= No data. FIGURE 4-1 An example of land .,.tem. mapped in Jordan. (Mitchell and Howard, 1919) [ l,lltlZ ,d byCoogIe
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- ....... .I,"U1J:1~ National Resea
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PANEL ON THE IMPROVEMENT or TROPICA
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can be restored to the world's rang
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4 Dromedary Pastoralism in Mrica an
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OVERVIEW 3 associated with the exte
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OVERVIEW 5 results, they must be su
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OVERVIEW 7 higher levels of biologi
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OVERVIEW 9 of approaching this obje
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Introduction In this report, rangel
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INTRODUCTION 15 protein per hour of
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INTRODUOTION 17 Moreover, grain cro
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Sudan 66 million hectlln8 (permanen
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Zambia Countrywide, Upper Zambesi (
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People's Democratic Republic ofVeme
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Saudi Arabia Countrywide 85 miIllon
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Arghaniatan 30 million hectara Low
Page 39 and 40: INTRODUCTION 29 knowledge, adaptati
Page 41 and 42: 1 The Nature ofTropical and Subtrop
Page 43 and 44: THE NATURE 0' TROPIOAL AND SUBTROPI
Page 45 and 46: THE NA.TURE OF TROP/OAL AND SUBTROP
Page 47 and 48: THE NATURE OF TROPICAL AND SUBTROPI
Page 49 and 50: TllB aoorAL aoNTEXT FOR RANGELAND I
Page 51 and 52: THE SOOIAL OONTEXT FOR RANGELAND IM
Page 55 and 56: THE SOOIAL CONTEXT FOR RANGELAND IM
Page 57 and 58: T11B aOorAL OONTl:XT FOR RANQIILAND
Page 59 and 60: THE SOorAL OONTEXT FOR RANGELAND IM
Page 65 and 66: THE ECONOMIC CONTEXT 55 proved extr
Page 67 and 68: THE ECONOMIC CONTEXT 57 • The cas
Page 69 and 70: THE EOONOMIO OONTEXT 59 Climate and
Page 71 and 72: THE EOONOMIO OONTEXT 61 CAlIH_11ON
Page 73 and 74: THE EOONOMIO OONTEXT 63 and returns
Page 75 and 76: THE ECONOMIC CONTEXT 65 The basic p
Page 77 and 78: THE EOONOMIO OONTEXT 67 can give a
Page 79 and 80: THE EOONOMIO OONTEXT 69 evaluation.
Page 81 and 82: THE EOONOMIO OONTEXT 71 fashion or
Page 83 and 84: 4 Regional Resource Assessment The
Page 85 and 86: REGIONAL RESOUROE ASSESSMENT 75 onl
Page 87 and 88: REGIONAL RESOUROE ASSESSMENT 77 wil
Page 89: REGIONAL RESOURCE ASSESSMENT 79 spe
Page 93 and 94: REGIONAL RESOUROE ASSESSMENT 83 imp
Page 95 and 96: REGIONAL RESOUROE AS8mJSMENT 85 60
Page 97 and 98: REGIONAL RESOUROE ASSB88JlENT 87 Ta
Page 99 and 100: REGIONAL RESOUROE ASSESSMENT 89 •
Page 101 and 102: REGIONAL RESOUROE ASSESSMENT 91 FIG
Page 103 and 104: N r;; (L ~ C) o ~ -rv • 01 . •
Page 105 and 106: REGIONAL RESOUROE ASSESSMENT 95 The
Page 107 and 108: SITE EVALUATION 97 The natural proc
Page 109 and 110: SIT8 EVALUATION 99 Climate is diffi
Page 111 and 112: SITB EVALUATION 101 Instantaneous m
Page 113 and 114: SITE EVALUATION 103 by field observ
Page 115 and 116: SITE EVALUATION 105 dynamics ofan e
Page 117 and 118: SITE EVALUATION 107 macbiuery at le
Page 119 and 120: SIT8 EVALUATION 109 the better is t
Page 121 and 122: SITE EVALUATION 111 Animal 7Jpe. Al
Page 123 and 124: SITE EVALUATION 113 by component. M
Page 125 and 126: SITE EVALUATION 115 National Raearc
Page 127 and 128: GRAZING MANAGEMENT 117 Species that
Page 129 and 130: GRAZING MANAGEMENT 119 the loss of
Page 131 and 132: GRAZING MANAGEMENT 121 seed product
Page 133 and 134: GRAZING MANAGEMENT 123 FIGURE 8-2 (
Page 135 and 136: GRAZING MANAG8MENT 125 FIGURE 6-4 A
Page 137 and 138: GRAZING MANAGEMENT 127 FIGURE 6-6 C
Page 139 and 140: GRAZING MANAGDIBNT conditions by pr
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GRAZING MANAGEMENT 181 FIGURE 6-9 (
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GRAZING MANAGEMENT 133 The success
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GRAZING MANAGEMENT IS5 a more nutri
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GRAZING MANAGEMENT 137 flooded and,
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7 Rehabilitation Techniques ESTABLI
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RBlIABILlTATlON TEOHNIQUES 141 to h
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REHABILITATION TEOHNIQUES 143 habit
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REHABILITATION TEOHNIQUES 145 Some
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REHABlLlTATION TEOHNIQUES 147 Topog
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REHABILn'ATlON TEOHNIQUES 149 years
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RE1IABILrl'ATION TEOHNIQUES 151 are
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REHABILITATION TEOHNIQUES 153 FIGUR
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RBllABILlTATlON TEOHNIQUES 155 Adva
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1UUIAB1LlTATION TE01IN1QUEB 157 Adv
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REHABILITATION TEOHNIQUES 159 satis
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REHAB1LlTATlON TECHNIQUES 161 Plant
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RElIABlL1TATION TEOHNIQUES 163 FIGU
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REHABHJTATION TECHNIQUES 165 FIGURE
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RBIlAB1LITATION TBOlINIQU1l8 167
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REHABIL17'ATION TEOHNIQUES 169 FIGU
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REHABILITATION TEOHNIQUES 171 plast
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R.ElIABILlTATION TEOHNIQUES 178 The
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REHABILITATION TECHNIQUES 175 6onne
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REHAB1LJTATION TECHNIQUES 117 Desic
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RE1lAlJ1LlTATION TBOHNlQUBS 179 tra
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RElIABlLlTATION TEOHNIQUES 181 sand
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REHABILITATION TEOHNIQUES 183 Barke
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REHABILITATION TEOHNIQUES 185 Sb.nl
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CRlTERlA FOR PLANT SELECTION 187
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ORITERIA FOR PLANT SELEOTlON 189 La
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ORJTERIA FOR PLANT SBLEOTION 191 70
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CRITERIA FOR PLANT SELECTION 193 AD
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0R1TER1A 'OR PLANT SICLEOTION 195 m
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CRITERIA FOR PLANT SICLECTION 197 C
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CRITERIA 'OR PLANT SELEOTION 199 di
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• ORJTERIA FOR PLANT SELECTION 20
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ORJTERIA FOR PLANT SELEOTlON 203 st
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ORITERIA FOR PLANT SELECTION 205 An
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ORJTBRIA FOR PLANT SELECTION 207 In
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CRITERlA FOR PLANT SELEOTlON 209 Mo
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Introduction to the Case Studies Su
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INTRODUOTION TO THE OASE STUDIES 21
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PASTORAL REGIMES 0' MAURITANIA 217
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PASTORAL REGIMES OF MAURITANIA 225
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Case Study 2 The Beni Mguild ofMoro
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THE BEN! MGUILD OF MOROOOO 229 on t
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THE BENI MGUILD OF MOROOOO 231 thei
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THE BENI MGUILD OF MOROOOO 238 Alth
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THE BEN! MGUILD OF MOROOOO 235 -tle
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Case Study 3 The Kel Tamasheq SUSAN
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TIn: KEL TAMASHEQ 239 TABLE 8-1 Ave
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THE KEL TAMAS11EQ 20U TABLE S-4 Com
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TIlE KEL TAMASHEQ TABLE 3-6 Proport
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THE KEL TAMABHEQ 245 maintain healt
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25 0 25 IlO 75100 , ";) ~ 1:25kmL N
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THE KEL TAMASHEQ the two somehow me
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• Major well • Seuonal ftll •
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THE KEL TAMASHEQ 253 FIGURE 3-3 T8n
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THE KEL TAMASHEQ 255 N 1 I.. I ----
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THE KEL TAMASHEQ 257 about 10 m to
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TABLE 1-10 ComparUoD ofU_ of Variou
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Case Study 4 Dromedary Pastoralism
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DROMEDARY PASTORALISM IN AFRIOA AND
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DROMEDARY PASTORAUSM IN AFRIOA AND
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276 IMPROVEMENT OF TROPIOAL AND SUB
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278 IMPROVEMENT OF TROPIOAL AND 8UB
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282 IMPROVDaNT0' TROPIOAL AND SUBTR
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284 IMPROVEMENT OF TROPICAL AND SUB
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Case Study 6 The Marri Baluch ofPak
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290 IMPROVEMENT 0' TROPIOAL AND SUB
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Case Study 7 Changing Patterns ofRe
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~ IMPROVEMENT OF TROP/GAL AND SUBTR
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30& IMPROVBlD:NT OF TROPICAL AND SU
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310 IMPROVI:ID:NT OF TROP/GAL AND B
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Case Study 8 Kenya: Seeking Remedie
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Case Study 10 Wildlife Land Use at
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33" IMPROVEMENT 0' TROPICAL AND SUB
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338 IMPROVEMENT OF TROPIOALAND SUBT
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3.2 IMPROVIlMIlNT 0' TROPICAL AND S
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3« IMPROVEMENT OF TROPIOAL AND SUB
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3" IMPROVEAaNT OF TROPICAL AND SUBT
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Case Study 12 The Potential of Faid
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352 IMPROVEMENT 0' TROPICAL AND SUB
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356 IMPROVEMENT 01' TROPIOAL AND SU
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360 IMPROVEMENT 01' TROPICAL AND SU
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3M IMPROVEMENT OF TROPIOAL AND SUBT
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Case Study 13 Improving Nigeria's A
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370 Board on Science and Technology
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372 technologies in developine coun
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ham_ saline reeourcee that are sene
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376 scientists who were brought tog
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378 T.O.O.L. Publication, Entropotd
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TheImprovement ofTropical and Subtropical Rangelands

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