TheImprovement ofTropical and Subtropical Rangelands
TheImprovement ofTropical and Subtropical Rangelands TheImprovement ofTropical and Subtropical Rangelands
52 IMPROVEMENT OF TROPICAL AND SUBTROPIOAL RANGELANDS can be done only by placing revegetation efforts within the context of local and regional production systems. REFERENCES Bemu., E. 1971. POI.ibiliti. and limit. of putoral watering plan. in the Nigerian Sahel. Paper preaenteel at the FAO Sympo.ium on Nomadiam, Cairo, EcYPt. Bemu., E. and G. Savonnet. 1973. Lea prob~m. de la Hc:hereaae danal'Afrique de l'Oue.t. Prumu AJrictlim 88:112-138. BourboUle, A. 1982. ~placement. d. troup8aux et utilisation d. parcoun dana Ie Haut Atl... Central. Produdion Putoral. " SotiItl10(SpriDg):M-45. Breman, H. and C. T. deWit. 1983. Rangeland productivity and exploitation in the Sahel. Seicna 221(1):1341-1342. Cole, D. P. 1981. Bedouin and .ocial change in Saudi Arabia. JotrNll·ol Aaan and Afrieon Studiu 16(1-2):128-149. Foa', P. O. 1960. TIu Politiu 01 Grau: AtlminUcration 01 Gruinf on tile PtMie Domain. Univenity of Wuhington Preaa, SeaUle, Wuhineton, USA. Gallaia, J., eel. 1977. Strati,;u PlIItoraiu "Agrieolu durant Ita SldtcruI.1116~1974. Centre d'Etud. de G60graphie Tropicale, Talence, France. Gill., J. 1982. Organiaing for p...toral development: Them. from traditional IJltemt. A,nculnral AdminUenJtion 11:215-225. Gill., J. L. and K. Jamtpard. 1981. Overgruing in putoral are...: The common. reconaiderecl. Soci~a RuralU 21:129-141. Haaland, G. 1977. Putoral .y.tem. of production: the IOciocultural context and lOme economic and ecological implication.. Pp. 179-193 in L4rad U.. and D.wlopment, P. O'Keefe and B. Wilner, eel.. Intemational African Inatitute, London, England. Hardin, G. 1968. The tragedy of the commona. Sci._ 162:1243-1248. Helland, J. 1982. Social org&niaation and water control amoDl the Boran. D.lIIlo"""nt and 01l4ng. 13(1):239-258. Hopcraft, D. N. 1981. Economic in.titution. and putoral relOun:e manapment: conaideration. for a development .trategy. Pp. 224-243 in: TluIWuN 01 Putoral Pcoplu, J.G. Galaty, D. AronlOn, P.C. Salaman and A. Chouinard, eel.. Intemational Development Reaearch Centre, OUawa, Canada. LiUle, P. D. 1983. Bu.inenmen and pan-time p...toraliab: lOme facton aft'ecting drought and overgruing in Baringo Diatrict, Kenya. Paper preaenteel at the 149th Annual Meeting of the American Aaaociation for the Advancement of Science, Detroit, Michigan, USA. National Reaearch Council. 1983. Environmental 01aGng. in tIN W.. Afri- SaMI. Board on Science and Technology for Intemational Development. National Academy Pren, Wuhineton, D.C., USA. Odell, M. J. 1982. Location, iDltitutiona and management of communal reo lOurce.: lenon. from Africa and India. ODl Putoral NItfI1o" Paper, no. 148, Overaeu Development Inatitute, London, England. Pucon, P. 1980. La comp'tition de. 'l"'eun dana 1a Ngion d'A.rou. Pp. 61-72 in I:tuJu ruralu: It1lu " .nqultu __ Ita CGmfHII"I ltItII'OOtIIinI. Soci'" Marocaine de. Editeun lUun., Rabat, Morocco. Quam, M. D. 1978. CaUIe marketing and putoral conaervat.m. AfrWm Studiu Revi.", 21:49-71.
THE SOOIAL OONTEXT FOR RANGELAND IMPROVEMENT 53 Runge, C. F. 1981. Common property externalhiee: Iaolation, uaurance, and reaource depletion in a traditional gruing context. Amencuan Journal 0/ Agricultural Ecoraomiu 63:595-806. Sail, A. 1918. Quel am'nagement putorrJ pour Ie Sahel. R4wc Ti." Mondl 19(13):161-169. Thalen, D. C. P. 1919. EuJlow and rJAliRfion 0/ Dill" S1truI &n,llandl in Iraq. Dr. W. Junk, The Hape, Netherlanda. U.S. Department of Agriculture Foreat Service. 1919. &n,lland Policill/or tM 1bIun. Government Printing Office, Wuhineton, D.C., USA. Wagner, F. J. 1983. Nomadic putoralism: Ecological adjustment to the reaUti. of arid environment•• Paper preaented at the 149th Annual Meeting of t;he American Auociat;ion for t;he Advancement; of Science, Det;roit;, Michipn, USA. Weat;ern, D. 1982. The environment; and ecology of paat;oraliat. in arid .avannu. Dcwlopmmt and OIaange 13(2):183-211.
- Page 13 and 14: OVERVIEW 3 associated with the exte
- Page 15 and 16: OVERVIEW 5 results, they must be su
- Page 17 and 18: OVERVIEW 7 higher levels of biologi
- Page 19: OVERVIEW 9 of approaching this obje
- Page 23 and 24: Introduction In this report, rangel
- Page 25 and 26: INTRODUCTION 15 protein per hour of
- Page 27 and 28: INTRODUOTION 17 Moreover, grain cro
- Page 29 and 30: Sudan 66 million hectlln8 (permanen
- Page 31 and 32: Zambia Countrywide, Upper Zambesi (
- Page 33 and 34: People's Democratic Republic ofVeme
- Page 35 and 36: Saudi Arabia Countrywide 85 miIllon
- Page 37 and 38: Arghaniatan 30 million hectara Low
- Page 39 and 40: INTRODUCTION 29 knowledge, adaptati
- Page 41 and 42: 1 The Nature ofTropical and Subtrop
- Page 43 and 44: THE NATURE 0' TROPIOAL AND SUBTROPI
- Page 45 and 46: THE NA.TURE OF TROP/OAL AND SUBTROP
- Page 47 and 48: THE NATURE OF TROPICAL AND SUBTROPI
- Page 49 and 50: TllB aoorAL aoNTEXT FOR RANGELAND I
- Page 51 and 52: THE SOOIAL OONTEXT FOR RANGELAND IM
- Page 53 and 54: THE SOOIAL OONTEXT FOR RANGELAND IM
- Page 55 and 56: THE SOOIAL CONTEXT FOR RANGELAND IM
- Page 57 and 58: T11B aOorAL OONTl:XT FOR RANQIILAND
- Page 59 and 60: THE SOorAL OONTEXT FOR RANGELAND IM
- Page 61: THE SOOIAL OONTEXT FOR RANGELAND IM
- Page 65 and 66: THE ECONOMIC CONTEXT 55 proved extr
- Page 67 and 68: THE ECONOMIC CONTEXT 57 • The cas
- Page 69 and 70: THE EOONOMIO OONTEXT 59 Climate and
- Page 71 and 72: THE EOONOMIO OONTEXT 61 CAlIH_11ON
- Page 73 and 74: THE EOONOMIO OONTEXT 63 and returns
- Page 75 and 76: THE ECONOMIC CONTEXT 65 The basic p
- Page 77 and 78: THE EOONOMIO OONTEXT 67 can give a
- Page 79 and 80: THE EOONOMIO OONTEXT 69 evaluation.
- Page 81 and 82: THE EOONOMIO OONTEXT 71 fashion or
- Page 83 and 84: 4 Regional Resource Assessment The
- Page 85 and 86: REGIONAL RESOUROE ASSESSMENT 75 onl
- Page 87 and 88: REGIONAL RESOUROE ASSESSMENT 77 wil
- Page 89 and 90: REGIONAL RESOURCE ASSESSMENT 79 spe
- Page 91 and 92: REGIONAL RESOUROB ASSB88MENT 81 Aqa
- Page 93 and 94: REGIONAL RESOUROE ASSESSMENT 83 imp
- Page 95 and 96: REGIONAL RESOUROE AS8mJSMENT 85 60
- Page 97 and 98: REGIONAL RESOUROE ASSB88JlENT 87 Ta
- Page 99 and 100: REGIONAL RESOUROE ASSESSMENT 89 •
- Page 101 and 102: REGIONAL RESOUROE ASSESSMENT 91 FIG
- Page 103 and 104: N r;; (L ~ C) o ~ -rv • 01 . •
- Page 105 and 106: REGIONAL RESOUROE ASSESSMENT 95 The
- Page 107 and 108: SITE EVALUATION 97 The natural proc
- Page 109 and 110: SIT8 EVALUATION 99 Climate is diffi
- Page 111 and 112: SITB EVALUATION 101 Instantaneous m
52 IMPROVEMENT OF TROPICAL AND SUBTROPIOAL RANGELANDS<br />
can be done only by placing revegetation efforts within the context<br />
of local <strong>and</strong> regional production systems.<br />
REFERENCES<br />
Bemu., E. 1971. POI.ibiliti. <strong>and</strong> limit. of putoral watering plan. in the<br />
Nigerian Sahel. Paper preaenteel at the FAO Sympo.ium on Nomadiam,<br />
Cairo, EcYPt.<br />
Bemu., E. <strong>and</strong> G. Savonnet. 1973. Lea prob~m. de la Hc:hereaae danal'Afrique<br />
de l'Oue.t. Prumu AJrictlim 88:112-138.<br />
BourboUle, A. 1982. ~placement. d. troup8aux et utilisation d. parcoun<br />
dana Ie Haut Atl... Central. Produdion Putoral. " SotiItl10(SpriDg):M-45.<br />
Breman, H. <strong>and</strong> C. T. deWit. 1983. Rangel<strong>and</strong> productivity <strong>and</strong> exploitation<br />
in the Sahel. Seicna 221(1):1341-1342.<br />
Cole, D. P. 1981. Bedouin <strong>and</strong> .ocial change in Saudi Arabia. JotrNll·ol Aaan<br />
<strong>and</strong> Afrieon Studiu 16(1-2):128-149.<br />
Foa', P. O. 1960. TIu Politiu 01 Grau: AtlminUcration 01 Gruinf on tile PtMie<br />
Domain. Univenity of Wuhington Preaa, SeaUle, Wuhineton, USA.<br />
Gallaia, J., eel. 1977. Strati,;u PlIItoraiu "Agrieolu durant Ita SldtcruI.1116~1974.<br />
Centre d'Etud. de G60graphie Tropicale, Talence, France.<br />
Gill., J. 1982. Organiaing for p...toral development: Them. from traditional<br />
IJltemt. A,nculnral AdminUenJtion 11:215-225.<br />
Gill., J. L. <strong>and</strong> K. Jamtpard. 1981. Overgruing in putoral are...: The<br />
common. reconaiderecl. Soci~a RuralU 21:129-141.<br />
Haal<strong>and</strong>, G. 1977. Putoral .y.tem. of production: the IOciocultural context<br />
<strong>and</strong> lOme economic <strong>and</strong> ecological implication.. Pp. 179-193 in L4rad U..<br />
<strong>and</strong> D.wlopment, P. O'Keefe <strong>and</strong> B. Wilner, eel.. Intemational African<br />
Inatitute, London, Engl<strong>and</strong>.<br />
Hardin, G. 1968. The tragedy of the commona. Sci._ 162:1243-1248.<br />
Hell<strong>and</strong>, J. 1982. Social org&niaation <strong>and</strong> water control amoDl the Boran.<br />
D.lIIlo"""nt <strong>and</strong> 01l4ng. 13(1):239-258.<br />
Hopcraft, D. N. 1981. Economic in.titution. <strong>and</strong> putoral relOun:e manapment:<br />
conaideration. for a development .trategy. Pp. 224-243 in: TluIWuN 01<br />
Putoral Pcoplu, J.G. Galaty, D. AronlOn, P.C. Salaman <strong>and</strong> A. Chouinard,<br />
eel.. Intemational Development Reaearch Centre, OUawa, Canada.<br />
LiUle, P. D. 1983. Bu.inenmen <strong>and</strong> pan-time p...toraliab: lOme facton<br />
aft'ecting drought <strong>and</strong> overgruing in Baringo Diatrict, Kenya. Paper<br />
preaenteel at the 149th Annual Meeting of the American Aaaociation for<br />
the Advancement of Science, Detroit, Michigan, USA.<br />
National Reaearch Council. 1983. Environmental 01aGng. in tIN W.. Afri- SaMI.<br />
Board on Science <strong>and</strong> Technology for Intemational Development. National<br />
Academy Pren, Wuhineton, D.C., USA.<br />
Odell, M. J. 1982. Location, iDltitutiona <strong>and</strong> management of communal reo<br />
lOurce.: lenon. from Africa <strong>and</strong> India. ODl Putoral NItfI1o" Paper, no. 148,<br />
Overaeu Development Inatitute, London, Engl<strong>and</strong>.<br />
Pucon, P. 1980. La comp'tition de. 'l"'eun dana 1a Ngion d'A.rou. Pp.<br />
61-72 in I:tuJu ruralu: It1lu " .nqultu __ Ita CGmfHII"I ltItII'OOtIIinI. Soci'"<br />
Marocaine de. Editeun lUun., Rabat, Morocco.<br />
Quam, M. D. 1978. CaUIe marketing <strong>and</strong> putoral conaervat.m. AfrWm Studiu<br />
Revi.", 21:49-71.
Change language