TheImprovement ofTropical and Subtropical Rangelands
Share Embed Flag
Download ePaper

TheImprovement ofTropical and Subtropical Rangelands

TheImprovement ofTropical and Subtropical Rangelands TheImprovement ofTropical and Subtropical Rangelands

pdf.usaid.gov
from pdf.usaid.gov More from this publisher
17.01.2014 Views

278 IMPROVEMENT OF TROPIOAL AND 8UBTROPIOAL RANGELANDS (migration route), use is shared with agriculturalists and with other migratory tribes. What ownership really means in the nomadic context is the right to exclusive usufruct of the particular section of the il-raJa that the tribe happens to occupy at any particular time. The Baseeri claim the right to p.. between summer and winter pastures in their strip of land, to draw water from natural sources, and to pasture their flocks on uncultivated land. The territory contained within the il-f'f&1a and the precise boundaries of the il-f'f&1a are quite vague. This is not important, however, since tribes move along their il-raJa in a resuIar schedule and follow a particulat path determined by the availability of gr.., water, and mountain passes. The number of tribesmen using or paseing through an area is adjusted to the carrying capacity of that area. Within the tribe, the chief uses his authority to assign a particular sequence and division of land utilization among various sections of the tribe. He also exerts his authority, backed up by the political power of his entire tribe, to arrive at adjustments in the migration pattern v."vis other tribes. Thus, the territory that the Basseri occupy at one time during the year may be the ·property" of another tribe later in the year. For example, the Kurdshuli tribe proceeds northwards ahead of the Basseri, while Arab, Baseeri, and Qashqai tribes all arrive at the Mary Dasht valley at about the same time. s Since a particular tribe follows the progressive development of pasture northwards, it is restrained by the pre88Ure ofmaturing pastures ahead and withering pastures behind, as well as the pressure of other tribes preceding, following, or paralleling its line of march. According to Barth, ~he il-rGIa of a nomad tribe is thus a schedule of traditional rights to utilise certain places at certain times. These rights are also traditionally sub-divided and alloted within a tribe among its various sections, so alternative routes in the il-f'f&1a are held by different sections.» T The result is a flexible system that can be adjusted to changes in the relative strength and importance of tribes and sections v."vis each other. The Migration Route: UtlllJatlon of Succe..lve PUturll In their pastoral exploitation of the natural environment, the Basseri are entirely dependent on the utilization ofsuccessively available pastures. Different sections of the tribal il-rGIa are grazed at different times during the year with the particular sequence being dependent on the availability ofwater and of grass.I The sheep raised

THE MOUNTAIN NOMADS 0' IRAN: BASS1lR1 AND BAKHTIARI 279 - D Direc tion of Movement Lond over 15~m. ~1!!!!!!5iiiiiiiiiiiiii1; :so '- 21 Persian­ Gulf FIGURE 5 Baueri of Fan micra~loJl rou~. (afur Banh, 1ge2).

THE MOUNTAIN NOMADS 0' IRAN: BASS1lR1 AND BAKHTIARI 279<br />

- D<br />

Direc tion of<br />

Movement<br />

Lond<br />

over 15~m.<br />

~1!!!!!!5iiiiiiiiiiiiii1;<br />

:so<br />

'-<br />

21<br />

Persian­<br />

Gulf<br />

FIGURE 5<br />

Baueri of Fan micra~loJl rou~. (afur Banh, 1ge2).

logo

products

Resources

Company

Terms of service
Privacy policy
Cookie policy
Cookie settings
Imprint
Change language
Made with love in Switzerland
© 2024 Yumpu.com all rights reserved

Hooray! Your file is uploaded and ready to be published.

Saved successfully!

Ooh no, something went wrong!