TheImprovement ofTropical and Subtropical Rangelands

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226 IMPROVEMENT OF TROPICAL AND SUBTROPIOAL RANGBLANDS an area and its choice as a pastoral sone. Howwer, siDce his data only deala with 1959-t.n admittedly humid yea~here is no Ulurance that such overlap in rainfall occurrence is an absolute prerequisite for an area's selection. 15. Biuon, -Nomadisation ch.. lell Reguibat L'Gouacem,· p. 53; and Borricand, "'I.e nomadisme en Mauritanie,· p.89. 16. M. F. Bonnet-Duperron, Oartu de I'B...,c mMauriani.: D~ ,aUonnicr, del 11....., m NN. d tnO,.,... Mauri",,;c (Cane 1/500,000, en 2 feuillell: la-Ouest, et Ib-est; Paris: ORSTOM, 1950). Th.. maps are an often quoted lOurce for the pastoral reeime of lOuthem Mauritania, and they point out this pattem clearly. Althoueh cluttered and often confuine, they remain the mOlt detailed work on the lOuthem half of the conntry. For other general statements on the reeime, see Borricand, "'I.e nomadisme en Mauritanie,· pp. 86-87; and Toupet, '"L'nolution de la nomadisation en Mauritanie sah'lienne: pp.69-70. 17. Ibid., p. 70; and Capot-Rey, "'I.e nomadisme pastoral,· NoMllllu It nomcaclimu au ,aIaarca (Recherchell sur la Zone Aride No. 19; Paris: UNESCO, 1963), pp. 72-73. 18. Borricand,"'I.e nomadisme en Mauritanie,· p. 87. 19. See Paul Marty, Etv.du IUr l'I.am. d lu Cri6ul Mauru: Lu BI"IMna (Collection de la Revue du Monde Muulmanj Paris: Emest Leroux, 1921) an example of these limited movementa in the Brakna area. 20. Capot-Rey, Lc Salaarca ~aU, in L'Afrique blanche franc;aiae (Paris: Pre_ Univenitairllll de France) 11:259; and Borricand, -Le nomadisme en Mauritanie,· p. 86. 21. Toupet, -L'6volution de la nomadisation en Mauritanie sahlUienne,· p.73. 22. Ibid., p. 71. 23. Paul Dubie, -La vie mat'rielle des Mauretl,· MlllJtIfu EtItnDIogiquu (Memoirllll de l'lnatitut Franc;ais d'Afrique Noire, No. 23; (Dabr: IFAN, 1953), pp. 122, 139. 24. Toupet, -L'nolution de la nomadisation en Mauritanie lahelienne,· p.72. 25. Ibid., pp. 74-75. 26. Bonnet-Dupeyron, Cartc de I'Bcl1lJ1C cn Mt1trioN. (Ia-Ouellt). 27. Capot-Rey, LG Salaarca~.., pp. 258-259.
Case Study 2 The Beni Mguild ofMorocco DOUGLAS L. JOHNSON Deciding just how nomadic or sedentary a particular tribal group in rural Morocco is poses a major problem, for nearly every possible combination of nomadism and agriculture can be found from group to group and often within one group itself. Consider, for example, the At Atta on the Saharan aide of the AtIu, some of whose subgroups are fully nomadic, l while others are either partially sedentary or are only partially nomadic. 2 It is also common for sedentary agriculturalists to keep animals u a means ofusing otherwise unexploitable areas and engaging in transhumant movements to bring these animals to better seasonal putures.' Indeed, as Blanche points out," all sedentaries keep some animals and all nomads do some supplementary farming, so that "pure" nomadism hardly exists. It becomes quite difficult, therefore, to determine what group is essentially nomadic unless primary weight is placed upon the relative importance of the role played by animal husbandry and agriculture within the tribal economy. With this criterion in mind, it seems fair to say that the subjects of this case study, the Beni Mguild of central Morocco, are essentially a nomadic group. For while the pastoral-agricultural regime of the Beni Mguild hu frequently been described as a double transhumance& in which the cultivation of cereal crops plays a large role, it is the necessity to shift their herds ofsheep and goats between 227
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- ....... .I,"U1J:1~ National Resea
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PANEL ON THE IMPROVEMENT or TROPICA
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can be restored to the world's rang
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4 Dromedary Pastoralism in Mrica an
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OVERVIEW 3 associated with the exte
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OVERVIEW 5 results, they must be su
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OVERVIEW 7 higher levels of biologi
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OVERVIEW 9 of approaching this obje
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Introduction In this report, rangel
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INTRODUCTION 15 protein per hour of
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INTRODUOTION 17 Moreover, grain cro
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Sudan 66 million hectlln8 (permanen
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Zambia Countrywide, Upper Zambesi (
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People's Democratic Republic ofVeme
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Saudi Arabia Countrywide 85 miIllon
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Arghaniatan 30 million hectara Low
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INTRODUCTION 29 knowledge, adaptati
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1 The Nature ofTropical and Subtrop
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THE NATURE 0' TROPIOAL AND SUBTROPI
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THE NA.TURE OF TROP/OAL AND SUBTROP
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THE NATURE OF TROPICAL AND SUBTROPI
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TllB aoorAL aoNTEXT FOR RANGELAND I
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THE SOOIAL OONTEXT FOR RANGELAND IM
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THE SOOIAL CONTEXT FOR RANGELAND IM
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T11B aOorAL OONTl:XT FOR RANQIILAND
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THE SOorAL OONTEXT FOR RANGELAND IM
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THE ECONOMIC CONTEXT 55 proved extr
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THE ECONOMIC CONTEXT 57 • The cas
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THE EOONOMIO OONTEXT 59 Climate and
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THE EOONOMIO OONTEXT 61 CAlIH_11ON
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THE EOONOMIO OONTEXT 63 and returns
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THE ECONOMIC CONTEXT 65 The basic p
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THE EOONOMIO OONTEXT 67 can give a
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THE EOONOMIO OONTEXT 69 evaluation.
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THE EOONOMIO OONTEXT 71 fashion or
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4 Regional Resource Assessment The
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REGIONAL RESOUROE ASSESSMENT 75 onl
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REGIONAL RESOUROE ASSESSMENT 77 wil
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REGIONAL RESOURCE ASSESSMENT 79 spe
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REGIONAL RESOUROB ASSB88MENT 81 Aqa
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REGIONAL RESOUROE ASSESSMENT 83 imp
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REGIONAL RESOUROE AS8mJSMENT 85 60
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REGIONAL RESOUROE ASSB88JlENT 87 Ta
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REGIONAL RESOUROE ASSESSMENT 89 •
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REGIONAL RESOUROE ASSESSMENT 91 FIG
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N r;; (L ~ C) o ~ -rv • 01 . •
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REGIONAL RESOUROE ASSESSMENT 95 The
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SITE EVALUATION 97 The natural proc
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SIT8 EVALUATION 99 Climate is diffi
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SITB EVALUATION 101 Instantaneous m
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SITE EVALUATION 103 by field observ
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SITE EVALUATION 105 dynamics ofan e
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SITE EVALUATION 107 macbiuery at le
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SIT8 EVALUATION 109 the better is t
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SITE EVALUATION 111 Animal 7Jpe. Al
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SITE EVALUATION 113 by component. M
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SITE EVALUATION 115 National Raearc
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GRAZING MANAGEMENT 117 Species that
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GRAZING MANAGEMENT 119 the loss of
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GRAZING MANAGEMENT 121 seed product
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GRAZING MANAGEMENT 123 FIGURE 8-2 (
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GRAZING MANAG8MENT 125 FIGURE 6-4 A
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GRAZING MANAGEMENT 127 FIGURE 6-6 C
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GRAZING MANAGDIBNT conditions by pr
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GRAZING MANAGEMENT 181 FIGURE 6-9 (
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GRAZING MANAGEMENT 133 The success
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GRAZING MANAGEMENT IS5 a more nutri
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GRAZING MANAGEMENT 137 flooded and,
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7 Rehabilitation Techniques ESTABLI
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RBlIABILlTATlON TEOHNIQUES 141 to h
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REHABILITATION TEOHNIQUES 143 habit
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REHABILITATION TEOHNIQUES 145 Some
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REHABlLlTATION TEOHNIQUES 147 Topog
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REHABILn'ATlON TEOHNIQUES 149 years
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RE1IABILrl'ATION TEOHNIQUES 151 are
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REHABILITATION TEOHNIQUES 153 FIGUR
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RBllABILlTATlON TEOHNIQUES 155 Adva
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1UUIAB1LlTATION TE01IN1QUEB 157 Adv
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REHABILITATION TEOHNIQUES 159 satis
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REHAB1LlTATlON TECHNIQUES 161 Plant
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RElIABlL1TATION TEOHNIQUES 163 FIGU
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REHABHJTATION TECHNIQUES 165 FIGURE
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RBIlAB1LITATION TBOlINIQU1l8 167
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REHABIL17'ATION TEOHNIQUES 169 FIGU
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REHABILITATION TEOHNIQUES 171 plast
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R.ElIABILlTATION TEOHNIQUES 178 The
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Page 189 and 190: RE1lAlJ1LlTATION TBOHNlQUBS 179 tra
Page 191 and 192: RElIABlLlTATION TEOHNIQUES 181 sand
Page 193 and 194: REHABILITATION TEOHNIQUES 183 Barke
Page 195 and 196: REHABILITATION TEOHNIQUES 185 Sb.nl
Page 197 and 198: CRlTERlA FOR PLANT SELECTION 187
Page 199 and 200: ORITERIA FOR PLANT SELEOTlON 189 La
Page 201 and 202: ORJTERIA FOR PLANT SBLEOTION 191 70
Page 203 and 204: CRITERIA FOR PLANT SELECTION 193 AD
Page 205 and 206: 0R1TER1A 'OR PLANT SICLEOTION 195 m
Page 207 and 208: CRITERIA FOR PLANT SICLECTION 197 C
Page 209 and 210: CRITERIA 'OR PLANT SELEOTION 199 di
Page 211 and 212: • ORJTERIA FOR PLANT SELECTION 20
Page 213 and 214: ORJTERIA FOR PLANT SELEOTlON 203 st
Page 215 and 216: ORITERIA FOR PLANT SELECTION 205 An
Page 217 and 218: ORJTBRIA FOR PLANT SELECTION 207 In
Page 219: CRITERlA FOR PLANT SELEOTlON 209 Mo
Page 223 and 224: Introduction to the Case Studies Su
Page 225 and 226: INTRODUOTION TO THE OASE STUDIES 21
Page 227 and 228: PASTORAL REGIMES 0' MAURITANIA 217
Page 235: PASTORAL REGIMES OF MAURITANIA 225
Page 239 and 240: THE BEN! MGUILD OF MOROOOO 229 on t
Page 241 and 242: THE BENI MGUILD OF MOROOOO 231 thei
Page 243 and 244: THE BENI MGUILD OF MOROOOO 238 Alth
Page 245 and 246: THE BEN! MGUILD OF MOROOOO 235 -tle
Page 247 and 248: Case Study 3 The Kel Tamasheq SUSAN
Page 249 and 250: TIn: KEL TAMASHEQ 239 TABLE 8-1 Ave
Page 251 and 252: THE KEL TAMAS11EQ 20U TABLE S-4 Com
Page 253 and 254: TIlE KEL TAMASHEQ TABLE 3-6 Proport
Page 255 and 256: THE KEL TAMABHEQ 245 maintain healt
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Page 259 and 260: THE KEL TAMASHEQ the two somehow me
Page 261 and 262: • Major well • Seuonal ftll •
Page 263 and 264: THE KEL TAMASHEQ 253 FIGURE 3-3 T8n
Page 265 and 266: THE KEL TAMASHEQ 255 N 1 I.. I ----
Page 267 and 268: THE KEL TAMASHEQ 257 about 10 m to
Page 269 and 270: TABLE 1-10 ComparUoD ofU_ of Variou
Page 271 and 272: Case Study 4 Dromedary Pastoralism
Page 273 and 274: DROMEDARY PASTORALISM IN AFRIOA AND
Page 275 and 276: DROMEDARY PASTORAUSM IN AFRIOA AND
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276 IMPROVEMENT OF TROPIOAL AND SUB
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278 IMPROVEMENT OF TROPIOAL AND 8UB
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282 IMPROVDaNT0' TROPIOAL AND SUBTR
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284 IMPROVEMENT OF TROPICAL AND SUB
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Case Study 6 The Marri Baluch ofPak
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290 IMPROVEMENT 0' TROPIOAL AND SUB
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Case Study 7 Changing Patterns ofRe
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~ IMPROVEMENT OF TROP/GAL AND SUBTR
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30& IMPROVBlD:NT OF TROPICAL AND SU
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310 IMPROVI:ID:NT OF TROP/GAL AND B
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Case Study 8 Kenya: Seeking Remedie
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Case Study 10 Wildlife Land Use at
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33" IMPROVEMENT 0' TROPICAL AND SUB
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338 IMPROVEMENT OF TROPIOALAND SUBT
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3.2 IMPROVIlMIlNT 0' TROPICAL AND S
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3« IMPROVEMENT OF TROPIOAL AND SUB
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3" IMPROVEAaNT OF TROPICAL AND SUBT
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Case Study 12 The Potential of Faid
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352 IMPROVEMENT 0' TROPICAL AND SUB
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356 IMPROVEMENT 01' TROPIOAL AND SU
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360 IMPROVEMENT 01' TROPICAL AND SU
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3M IMPROVEMENT OF TROPIOAL AND SUBT
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Case Study 13 Improving Nigeria's A
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370 Board on Science and Technology
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372 technologies in developine coun
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ham_ saline reeourcee that are sene
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376 scientists who were brought tog
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378 T.O.O.L. Publication, Entropotd
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TheImprovement ofTropical and Subtropical Rangelands

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