TheImprovement ofTropical and Subtropical Rangelands
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TheImprovement ofTropical and Subtropical Rangelands

TheImprovement ofTropical and Subtropical Rangelands TheImprovement ofTropical and Subtropical Rangelands

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224 IMPROVEMENT OF TROPIOAL AND SUBTROPIOAL RANGELANDS have been especially favored by the seuon's rainfall. Just how long this move into the interior lasts differs from tribe to tribe. Among the Abel Saih Sidia, whose home wells are in the Awbr region, the movement of camels into the Inchiri region near Akjoujt lasts only during the rainy seuonj both the cool and hot dry IIe880ns are spent in the southern Awbr, althoush during the cool season the tribe drifts south toward the wells, while at the end of the hot seuon they begin to move away from the wen. in anticipation of the rainy period. 2S On the other hand, the Abel bou-Lobat 2 • spend the rainy months moving slowly northward over relatively short distances, but once the rains cease they range far to the north into the Adrar, utilizing the dry but still nourishing pasture while the cool weather lasts. The Abel bou-Lobat regime is complicated by the fact that the tribe owns palm trees at the oases of Dendane and at-Tiaiert and so must be present for the gatna seuon in July and August. Thus, their yearly cycle includes hot, dry-seuon camel camps midway between the two oases, a gana move to the oases in July when all the herds are grouped together, a slow movement northward during the rainy seuon, a long loop into the Adrar in the cool seuon, and, finally, a southward return march to the hot-seuon camp site. The combination of agricultural and pastoral activities is more complex among the Haiballah than in any other groUp.2& Beginning with a gatna stop at al-Fejha in the Tamourt an-Naaj wadi (along the east side of the tribal territory), the Haiballab then move out onto the plateau during the rainy IeUOn. As they proceed northward and westward during the cool, dry IeUOn, they make stops at various agricultural areas to collect grain. Finally, as the hot Beason approaches, they move south into the acacia forest of Tamourt an-Naaj, where the leavee of the acacia trees form almost the sole pastoral resource during the hot, dry months. Yet, despite the importance of agriculture in determining where they are located at any time in the year, they remain euentially pastoral. Along the coast, there is little agricultural activity, but the nomads participate in the general northward movement, parallel to the cout, during the rainy seuon and often also during the cool, dry season,26 although some groups make a long move from Trana deep into the Inchiri sand dunes. 27 Once the hot, dry seuon begins, a rapid southward shift takes place. In conclusion, it seems significant that most of the nomads of

PASTORAL REGIMES OF MAURITANIA 225 southern Mauritania move in a roughly eliptical pattern. Occasionally, their outward and inward paths cross over each other, but it is more common for the herds to return to the dry-season wells by a route different from the one followed when leaving them. This difference in inbound and outbound routes is not commented upon in any of the literature, but it may be that the exhaustion of areas previously grazed during the year makes a selection of an alternative route desirable. NOTES 1. Charlea Toupet. -quelquel aspecll de la aedentarilation del nomadel en Mauritanie lah~lIenne,· Annalu de Geograpltic LXXIII(400):738-745 (1964). 2. Peveril Meigs. Gcograplar of Ooutal Dum. (Arid Zone Research No. 28, Paria: UNESCO, 1966), pp. 93-94. 3. For the phYliography of northern Mauritania, see Jean Biuon, -La nomadiaation del Reguibat L'Gouacem,· p. 214; and AndN Cauneille, -Lea nomadea Regueibat,· 7hwauz de l'InItitut de RceJacrchu Sahancnnu VI:83-84 (1950). 4. Charlea Toupet. ~'evolution de la nomadisation en Mauritanie lah'lienne,· in NomtJdu It nomcacinn.t au SaJaora (Recherchea lur la Zone Aride No. 19; Paris: UNESCO, 1963), p. 69. 5. Ibid., p. 69. 6. For the seasonal regime, see P. Borricand, -Le nomadisme en Mauritanie,· 7hwous de l'Irufitut de RcdcrcJtu SaJaancnnc" V:81-83 (1948). 7. Toupet, -L'evolution de la nomadisation en Maurhanie laUlienne,· pp. 69-70; and E. J. Paris, -Notea lur lei puib de l'Aaaouad (Soudan),· Notu ~: Bulletin d'in/orrMtion It de eorrupondonec de l'Irufitut ~cU d'Afriquc Noire, No. 53 (Janvier 1952), p. 24. 8. Cauneille, -Lea nomadea Reguibat,· p. 85j and Borricand, -Le nomadisme en Mauritanie,· p. 86. 9. David M. Hart, ~he locial Itructure of the Reguebat Bedouins of the westem Sahara,· Middlc EGIt JolJ.J'f'UII XVI:515-527 (1962), makes much of this solidarity. See also A. Leriae, -Notes lur lea clUlea socialea et sur quelquea tribul de Mauritanie,· Bulletin de l'InItitut ~oU d'A/riquc Noire, S'rie B, XVII:173-203 (1955); and Modat, -Ape~u lur 1& socilSt' Maure de l'Adrar,· Bulletin du Oomitl d'i:tudu HWtoriquu It Scicntifiquu de l'A/ritltu OecitlmttJIc ~cUc V:264-278 (1922). 10. See, for example, Hart, ibid., p. 516. 11. AndN Cauneille and Jean Dubief, -LeI Reguibat Legouacem: Chronologie et Nomadisme,· Bulletin de l'InItitut ~oU de l'Afrique Noire, S'rie B, XVII (1955). 12. Jean Bisson, -Nomadisation che. lea Reguibat L'Gouacem,· in Nomode, It nom4climu au SaJaora (Recherchea sur la Zone Aride No. 19, Paris: UNESCO, 1963), p. 52, and map on p. 53; also idem, -La nomadisation des Reguibat L'Gouacem,· p. 215, and map on p. 214. 13. Biuon, ibid., p. 52. 14. Biuon's maps (ibid., pp. 53-54; and -La nomadisation des Reguibat L'Gouacem,· p. 214) point out the correlation between succeuive rainfalls in

PASTORAL REGIMES OF MAURITANIA 225<br />

southern Mauritania move in a roughly eliptical pattern. Occasionally,<br />

their outward <strong>and</strong> inward paths cross over each other, but it<br />

is more common for the herds to return to the dry-season wells by<br />

a route different from the one followed when leaving them. This<br />

difference in inbound <strong>and</strong> outbound routes is not commented upon<br />

in any of the literature, but it may be that the exhaustion of areas<br />

previously grazed during the year makes a selection of an alternative<br />

route desirable.<br />

NOTES<br />

1. Charlea Toupet. -quelquel aspecll de la aedentarilation del nomadel<br />

en Mauritanie lah~lIenne,· Annalu de Geograpltic LXXIII(400):738-745 (1964).<br />

2. Peveril Meigs. Gcograplar of Ooutal Dum. (Arid Zone Research No.<br />

28, Paria: UNESCO, 1966), pp. 93-94.<br />

3. For the phYliography of northern Mauritania, see Jean Biuon, -La<br />

nomadiaation del Reguibat L'Gouacem,· p. 214; <strong>and</strong> AndN Cauneille, -Lea<br />

nomadea Regueibat,· 7hwauz de l'InItitut de RceJacrchu Sahancnnu VI:83-84<br />

(1950).<br />

4. Charlea Toupet. ~'evolution de la nomadisation en Mauritanie<br />

lah'lienne,· in NomtJdu It nomcacinn.t au SaJaora (Recherchea lur la Zone Aride<br />

No. 19; Paris: UNESCO, 1963), p. 69.<br />

5. Ibid., p. 69.<br />

6. For the seasonal regime, see P. Borric<strong>and</strong>, -Le nomadisme en Mauritanie,·<br />

7hwous de l'Irufitut de RcdcrcJtu SaJaancnnc" V:81-83 (1948).<br />

7. Toupet, -L'evolution de la nomadisation en Maurhanie laUlienne,·<br />

pp. 69-70; <strong>and</strong> E. J. Paris, -Notea lur lei puib de l'Aaaouad (Soudan),· Notu<br />

~: Bulletin d'in/orrMtion It de eorrupondonec de l'Irufitut ~cU d'Afriquc<br />

Noire, No. 53 (Janvier 1952), p. 24.<br />

8. Cauneille, -Lea nomadea Reguibat,· p. 85j <strong>and</strong> Borric<strong>and</strong>, -Le nomadisme<br />

en Mauritanie,· p. 86.<br />

9. David M. Hart, ~he locial Itructure of the Reguebat Bedouins of<br />

the westem Sahara,· Middlc EGIt JolJ.J'f'UII XVI:515-527 (1962), makes much<br />

of this solidarity. See also A. Leriae, -Notes lur lea clUlea socialea et sur<br />

quelquea tribul de Mauritanie,· Bulletin de l'InItitut ~oU d'A/riquc Noire,<br />

S'rie B, XVII:173-203 (1955); <strong>and</strong> Modat, -Ape~u lur 1& socilSt' Maure de<br />

l'Adrar,· Bulletin du Oomitl d'i:tudu HWtoriquu It Scicntifiquu de l'A/ritltu OecitlmttJIc<br />

~cUc V:264-278 (1922).<br />

10. See, for example, Hart, ibid., p. 516.<br />

11. AndN Cauneille <strong>and</strong> Jean Dubief, -LeI Reguibat Legouacem: Chronologie<br />

et Nomadisme,· Bulletin de l'InItitut ~oU de l'Afrique Noire, S'rie B, XVII<br />

(1955).<br />

12. Jean Bisson, -Nomadisation che. lea Reguibat L'Gouacem,· in Nomode,<br />

It nom4climu au SaJaora (Recherchea sur la Zone Aride No. 19, Paris:<br />

UNESCO, 1963), p. 52, <strong>and</strong> map on p. 53; also idem, -La nomadisation des<br />

Reguibat L'Gouacem,· p. 215, <strong>and</strong> map on p. 214.<br />

13. Biuon, ibid., p. 52.<br />

14. Biuon's maps (ibid., pp. 53-54; <strong>and</strong> -La nomadisation des Reguibat<br />

L'Gouacem,· p. 214) point out the correlation between succeuive rainfalls in

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