TheImprovement ofTropical and Subtropical Rangelands

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4 Dromedary Pastoralism in Mrica and Arabia Gudrun Dahl and A nders Hjort 261 5 The Mountain Nomads of Iran: Basseri and Bakhtiari Douglas L. Johnson 275 6 The Marri Baluch of Pakistan Douglas L. Johnson 288 7 Changing Patterns of Resource Use in the Bedthi-Aghanashini Valleys of Karnataka State, India Madhav Gadgil 298 8 Kenya: Seeking Remedies for Desert Encroachment Hugh F. Lamprey 312 9 The Hema System in the Arabian Peninsula Omar Draz 321 10 Wildlife Land Use at the Athi River, Kenya David Hopcraft 332 11 Camel Husbandry in Kenya: Increasing the Productivity of Ranchland J. O. Evans and J. G. Pouys 341 12 The Potential of Faidherbia albida for Desertification Control and Increased Productivity in Chad Robert D. Kirmse and Brien E. Norton 350 13. Improving Nigeria's Animal Feed Resources: Pastoralists and Scientists Cooperate in Fodder Bank Research Simon Chater 366 viii
Overview: Dimensions ofa Worldwide Environmental Crisis TID GEOGJlAPBICAL SCOPE Rangelands are one of the DlOBt important land U8e typ_ in the world. Roughly 47 percent of the earth'. land lUlface is r8llpland, about 80 percent of which is at leut moderately desraded. Subetantially more th8ll halfofthis areali.in tropical8lld subtropical areu. By contrast, 1.. than 10 percent of the earth'. lUlface is devoted to arable agriculture. In recent yean, desradation hu been increuing, and many of the world'. maJor r8llgelands are at risk. The d_rtification huards map, compiled by several United Nations apncies, mOWll areas that are at greatelt risk of desertification bec&WJe of a continuation of facton such u low rainfall, terrain, lOil and vegetation conditions, and high human 8Ild animal U8e. Identifying way. to arrest and reverse th_ trendl is the central concern of thilltudy. Tropical 8Ild subtropical rangel8lld is Ulually characterised by rainfall 80 low or irregular that crop production is difBcult unl.. irrigation sylltem8, which require high capital inveltment, can be establilhed. Typical vegetation types include sr_8Ilds, low-deDlity forests (such u dry tropical thorn foresta), 8Ild shrubl8lldl. The term desert is commonly applied to thOle r8llplands that are the mOlt arid and leut productive of vegetation. Rangelands are UIed to .upport gruing of browsing livestock. The open-range system of livestock production is characteristically 1
Page 3 and 4: - ....... .I,"U1J:1~ National Resea
Page 5: PANEL ON THE IMPROVEMENT or TROPICA
Page 8 and 9: can be restored to the world's rang
Page 13 and 14: OVERVIEW 3 associated with the exte
Page 15 and 16: OVERVIEW 5 results, they must be su
Page 17 and 18: OVERVIEW 7 higher levels of biologi
Page 19: OVERVIEW 9 of approaching this obje
Page 23 and 24: Introduction In this report, rangel
Page 25 and 26: INTRODUCTION 15 protein per hour of
Page 27 and 28: INTRODUOTION 17 Moreover, grain cro
Page 29 and 30: Sudan 66 million hectlln8 (permanen
Page 31 and 32: Zambia Countrywide, Upper Zambesi (
Page 33 and 34: People's Democratic Republic ofVeme
Page 35 and 36: Saudi Arabia Countrywide 85 miIllon
Page 37 and 38: Arghaniatan 30 million hectara Low
Page 39 and 40: INTRODUCTION 29 knowledge, adaptati
Page 41 and 42: 1 The Nature ofTropical and Subtrop
Page 43 and 44: THE NATURE 0' TROPIOAL AND SUBTROPI
Page 45 and 46: THE NA.TURE OF TROP/OAL AND SUBTROP
Page 47 and 48: THE NATURE OF TROPICAL AND SUBTROPI
Page 49 and 50: TllB aoorAL aoNTEXT FOR RANGELAND I
Page 51 and 52: THE SOOIAL OONTEXT FOR RANGELAND IM
Page 53 and 54: THE SOOIAL OONTEXT FOR RANGELAND IM
Page 55 and 56: THE SOOIAL CONTEXT FOR RANGELAND IM
Page 57 and 58: T11B aOorAL OONTl:XT FOR RANQIILAND
Page 59 and 60: THE SOorAL OONTEXT FOR RANGELAND IM
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THE SOOIAL OONTEXT FOR RANGELAND IM
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THE SOOIAL OONTEXT FOR RANGELAND IM
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THE ECONOMIC CONTEXT 55 proved extr
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THE ECONOMIC CONTEXT 57 • The cas
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THE EOONOMIO OONTEXT 59 Climate and
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THE EOONOMIO OONTEXT 61 CAlIH_11ON
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THE EOONOMIO OONTEXT 63 and returns
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THE ECONOMIC CONTEXT 65 The basic p
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THE EOONOMIO OONTEXT 67 can give a
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THE EOONOMIO OONTEXT 69 evaluation.
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THE EOONOMIO OONTEXT 71 fashion or
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4 Regional Resource Assessment The
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REGIONAL RESOUROE ASSESSMENT 75 onl
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REGIONAL RESOUROE ASSESSMENT 77 wil
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REGIONAL RESOURCE ASSESSMENT 79 spe
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REGIONAL RESOUROB ASSB88MENT 81 Aqa
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REGIONAL RESOUROE ASSESSMENT 83 imp
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REGIONAL RESOUROE AS8mJSMENT 85 60
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REGIONAL RESOUROE ASSB88JlENT 87 Ta
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REGIONAL RESOUROE ASSESSMENT 89 •
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REGIONAL RESOUROE ASSESSMENT 91 FIG
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N r;; (L ~ C) o ~ -rv • 01 . •
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REGIONAL RESOUROE ASSESSMENT 95 The
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SITE EVALUATION 97 The natural proc
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SIT8 EVALUATION 99 Climate is diffi
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SITB EVALUATION 101 Instantaneous m
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SITE EVALUATION 103 by field observ
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SITE EVALUATION 105 dynamics ofan e
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SITE EVALUATION 107 macbiuery at le
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SIT8 EVALUATION 109 the better is t
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SITE EVALUATION 111 Animal 7Jpe. Al
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SITE EVALUATION 113 by component. M
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SITE EVALUATION 115 National Raearc
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GRAZING MANAGEMENT 117 Species that
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GRAZING MANAGEMENT 119 the loss of
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GRAZING MANAGEMENT 121 seed product
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GRAZING MANAGEMENT 123 FIGURE 8-2 (
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GRAZING MANAG8MENT 125 FIGURE 6-4 A
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GRAZING MANAGEMENT 127 FIGURE 6-6 C
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GRAZING MANAGDIBNT conditions by pr
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GRAZING MANAGEMENT 181 FIGURE 6-9 (
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GRAZING MANAGEMENT 133 The success
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GRAZING MANAGEMENT IS5 a more nutri
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GRAZING MANAGEMENT 137 flooded and,
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7 Rehabilitation Techniques ESTABLI
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RBlIABILlTATlON TEOHNIQUES 141 to h
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REHABILITATION TEOHNIQUES 143 habit
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REHABILITATION TEOHNIQUES 145 Some
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REHABlLlTATION TEOHNIQUES 147 Topog
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REHABILn'ATlON TEOHNIQUES 149 years
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RE1IABILrl'ATION TEOHNIQUES 151 are
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REHABILITATION TEOHNIQUES 153 FIGUR
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RBllABILlTATlON TEOHNIQUES 155 Adva
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1UUIAB1LlTATION TE01IN1QUEB 157 Adv
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REHABILITATION TEOHNIQUES 159 satis
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REHAB1LlTATlON TECHNIQUES 161 Plant
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RElIABlL1TATION TEOHNIQUES 163 FIGU
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REHABHJTATION TECHNIQUES 165 FIGURE
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RBIlAB1LITATION TBOlINIQU1l8 167
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REHABIL17'ATION TEOHNIQUES 169 FIGU
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REHABILITATION TEOHNIQUES 171 plast
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R.ElIABILlTATION TEOHNIQUES 178 The
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REHABILITATION TECHNIQUES 175 6onne
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REHAB1LJTATION TECHNIQUES 117 Desic
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RE1lAlJ1LlTATION TBOHNlQUBS 179 tra
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RElIABlLlTATION TEOHNIQUES 181 sand
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REHABILITATION TEOHNIQUES 183 Barke
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REHABILITATION TEOHNIQUES 185 Sb.nl
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CRlTERlA FOR PLANT SELECTION 187
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ORITERIA FOR PLANT SELEOTlON 189 La
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ORJTERIA FOR PLANT SBLEOTION 191 70
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CRITERIA FOR PLANT SELECTION 193 AD
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0R1TER1A 'OR PLANT SICLEOTION 195 m
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CRITERIA FOR PLANT SICLECTION 197 C
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CRITERIA 'OR PLANT SELEOTION 199 di
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• ORJTERIA FOR PLANT SELECTION 20
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ORJTERIA FOR PLANT SELEOTlON 203 st
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ORITERIA FOR PLANT SELECTION 205 An
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ORJTBRIA FOR PLANT SELECTION 207 In
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CRITERlA FOR PLANT SELEOTlON 209 Mo
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Introduction to the Case Studies Su
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INTRODUOTION TO THE OASE STUDIES 21
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PASTORAL REGIMES 0' MAURITANIA 217
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PASTORAL REGIMES OF MAURITANIA 225
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Case Study 2 The Beni Mguild ofMoro
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THE BEN! MGUILD OF MOROOOO 229 on t
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THE BENI MGUILD OF MOROOOO 231 thei
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THE BENI MGUILD OF MOROOOO 238 Alth
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THE BEN! MGUILD OF MOROOOO 235 -tle
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Case Study 3 The Kel Tamasheq SUSAN
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TIn: KEL TAMASHEQ 239 TABLE 8-1 Ave
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THE KEL TAMAS11EQ 20U TABLE S-4 Com
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TIlE KEL TAMASHEQ TABLE 3-6 Proport
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THE KEL TAMABHEQ 245 maintain healt
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25 0 25 IlO 75100 , ";) ~ 1:25kmL N
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THE KEL TAMASHEQ the two somehow me
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• Major well • Seuonal ftll •
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THE KEL TAMASHEQ 253 FIGURE 3-3 T8n
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THE KEL TAMASHEQ 255 N 1 I.. I ----
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THE KEL TAMASHEQ 257 about 10 m to
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TABLE 1-10 ComparUoD ofU_ of Variou
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Case Study 4 Dromedary Pastoralism
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DROMEDARY PASTORALISM IN AFRIOA AND
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DROMEDARY PASTORAUSM IN AFRIOA AND
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276 IMPROVEMENT OF TROPIOAL AND SUB
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278 IMPROVEMENT OF TROPIOAL AND 8UB
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282 IMPROVDaNT0' TROPIOAL AND SUBTR
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284 IMPROVEMENT OF TROPICAL AND SUB
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Case Study 6 The Marri Baluch ofPak
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290 IMPROVEMENT 0' TROPIOAL AND SUB
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Case Study 7 Changing Patterns ofRe
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~ IMPROVEMENT OF TROP/GAL AND SUBTR
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30& IMPROVBlD:NT OF TROPICAL AND SU
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310 IMPROVI:ID:NT OF TROP/GAL AND B
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Case Study 8 Kenya: Seeking Remedie
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Case Study 10 Wildlife Land Use at
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33" IMPROVEMENT 0' TROPICAL AND SUB
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338 IMPROVEMENT OF TROPIOALAND SUBT
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3.2 IMPROVIlMIlNT 0' TROPICAL AND S
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3« IMPROVEMENT OF TROPIOAL AND SUB
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3" IMPROVEAaNT OF TROPICAL AND SUBT
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Case Study 12 The Potential of Faid
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352 IMPROVEMENT 0' TROPICAL AND SUB
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356 IMPROVEMENT 01' TROPIOAL AND SU
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360 IMPROVEMENT 01' TROPICAL AND SU
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3M IMPROVEMENT OF TROPIOAL AND SUBT
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Case Study 13 Improving Nigeria's A
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370 Board on Science and Technology
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372 technologies in developine coun
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ham_ saline reeourcee that are sene
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376 scientists who were brought tog
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378 T.O.O.L. Publication, Entropotd
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TheImprovement ofTropical and Subtropical Rangelands

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