as per the AMA manual of style

References
When giving references in an article, please adhere to the guidelines set out in the AMA
Manual of Style. A Guide for Authors and Editors. Below you will find a synopsis of the
most important points.
References should be numbered consecutively with Arabic numerals in the order in which they are
cited in the text. To reference a source in the text, use superscript numerals outside periods and
commas, inside colons and semicolons.
Reference list (end of document)
References should be listed in numerical order (i.e., in the order in which they appear in the text) at
the end of the manuscript. Two references should not be combined under a single reference
number.
Please make sure to include all relevant data and to list all information in the same order as shown
in the examples below. Titles of books and names of journals should be italicized, and there should
be no spaces between the year, volume number, issue number, and page numbers in journal
references. Abbreviate names of journals according to the listing in the PubMed Journals
database.
Data needed for different kinds of sources:
Journal articles:
Author(s). Article title. Journal name. Year;volume(issue no.):inclusive pages.
Examples:
1. Enbergs H. Effects of the homeopathic preparation Engystol on interferon-gamma production
by human T-lymphocytes. Immunol Invest. 2006;35(1):19-27.
2. Oberbaum M, Glatthaar-Saalmüller B, Stolt P, Weiser M. Antiviral activity of Engystol: an in
vitro analysis. J Altern Complement Med. 2005;11(5):855-862.
3. Crino L, Cappuzzo F. Present and future treatment of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer.
Semin Oncol. 2002;29(3)(suppl 9):9-16.
Books:
Author(s). Book title. Edition number (if it is the second edition or above). City, State (or Country) of
publisher: Publisher’s name; copyright year.
Examples:
1. Kersschot J. Biopuncture and the Management of Sports Injuries. Albuquerque, NM: Jaysea
Press; 2008.
2. Modlin J. Jenkins P. Decision Analysis in Planning for a Polio Outbreak in the United States.
San Francisco, CA: Pediatric Academic Societies; 2004.
3. World Health Organization. Injury: A Leading Cause of the Global Burden of Disease, 2000.
Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2002.

4. Bergeron C, Lowe J. Frontotemporal degeneration: Introduction. In: Dickson DW, ed.
Neurodegeneration: The Molecular Pathology of Dementia and Movement Disorders. Basel,
Switzerland: ISN Neuropath Press; 2003:342-348.
(Note: This is a reference for a chapter in a book.)
5. Kleiss W, Marcus C, Wabitsch M, eds. Obesity in Childhood and Adolescence. Leipzig,
Germany: Karger; 2004. Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine; vol 9.
Websites
(Note: This is a reference for a book published as part of a series. Pediatric and Adolescent
Medicine is the name of a series; Obesity in Childhood and Adolescence is the ninth
volume.)
Author(s), if given (often, no authors are given). Title of the specific item cited (if none is given, use
the name of the organization responsible for the site). Name of the website. URL [provide URL and
verify that the link still works as close as possible to publication]. Published [date]. Updated [date].
Accessed [date].
Examples:
1. International Society for Infectious Diseases. ProMed-mail Website.
http://www.promedmail.org. Accessed April 29, 2004.
2. Sullivan D. Major search engines and directories. SearchEngineWatch Website.
http://www.searchenginewatch.com/links/article.php/2156221. Updated April 28, 2004.
Accessed December 6, 2005.