Practical Field Application of the Mysterious Dynamic Kill - IADC

Practical Field Application of
the Mysterious Dynamic Kill
Jim LaGrone, P.E.
Boots & Coots
Houston, Tx
IADC Well Control Conference – Nov 2009

The DYNAMIC KILL
• 1 st Published by Blount/Soeiinah (Mobil)
• 1978 Dynamic Kill – Arun Field Indonesia
– Flowing an estimated 300 MMscf/d [8.6Mm3/d]
• Identified the Additional Effect of ECD
– Turbulent Feature of Water
• Has been used extensively, whether
known or not
• We are here to learn HOW to do it RIGHT

What is this about?
• We are not here to learn about all of the
robust programs available to you
• We are here to learn how to KILL
PLAIN and SIMPLE
• Problem with all SOFTWARE is…
INPUT
Garbage In/Garbage Out

What is IT (DK)?
• Increase FBHP to SBHP via
– Increasing hydrostatic head in the flow path
– Increase ECD via Friction of kill fluids
– Not Fracture the formation during the Kill
– Maintaining CONSTANT BHP once well is
dead
We are essentially weighting up the gas!
Flow Rate = C x (SBHP 2 – FBHP 2 )

IPR
Inflow Performance Releationship
16,000
14,000
12,000
Well Dead
Pore Pressure
FBHP (psig)
10,000
8,000
6,000
4,000
2,000
0
0.00 20.00 40.00 60.00 80.00 100.00 120.00
Flowrate (MMscf/d)
AOF

Bottom Hole Pressure
DP
CP
Static
BHP

Bottom Hole Pressure
DP
Flowing
BHP

Increasing the BHP
3,500
3,000
SBHP
BHP (psi)
2,500
2,000
1,500
1,000
500
0
Kill Rate (BPM) 29.0
Mud Density (ppg) 13.5
0 200 400 600 800 1,000 1,200
Kill Fluid Volume (bbl)
FBHP

When is the Right
Time for a
Dynamic Kill?

When to USE
• Anytime
• There are no negatives on when to use
• Limitation on tubulars (Pump Pressure)
• When you SHOULD always use DK
– No surface pressure control
• Shallow Gas
• Surface Blowout
• No ability to choke well back
• Worried about breaking down formation
– And Having a Surface Broach

Diverted Well

Underground
Blowout

The Dynamic Kill
Pyramid
Control Parameters
Kill Fluid
Rate
Blowout Constraints
Wellbore Geometry
The
Kill
Blowout Flowrates
Kill Fluid
Density
Injection Depth
Kill Fluid
Volume

The Kill Pyramid
Control Parameters
Kill Fluid
Rate
Blowout Constraints
Wellbore Geometry
The
Kill
Blowout Flowrates
Kill Fluid
Density
Injection Depth
Kill Fluid
Volume

Est. Flow Rate - Gas
Gas Flowrate Estimated from Flame Height
400
350
Flame Height (ft)
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
Gas Flowrate (MMscf/d)
GPSA (Sec 5-18)

Est. Flow Rate - Oil
Oil Flowrate Estimated from Flame Height
400
350
Flame Height (ft)
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
0 20,000 40,000 60,000 80,000 100,000
Oil Flowrate (BOPD)
Hasemi and Tojunga

Diverted Well

Sensitivities
12ppg Mud Kill Rates
90.0
80.0
70.0
Kill Rate (BPM)
60.0
50.0
40.0
30 MMscf/d
20 MMscf/d
15 MMscf/d
`
10 MMscf/d
∆42
BPM
30.0
20.0
10.0
1,000 1,200 1,400 1,600 1,800 2,000 2,200
FBHP

The Kill Pyramid
Kill Fluid
Rate
Wellbore Geometry
The
Kill
Blowout Flowrates
Kill Fluid
Density
Injection Depth
Kill Fluid
Volume

Thresholds – Fixed
Kill Rate
Sensitivity - Fixed Kill Rate of 64 BPM
20,000
18,000
16,000
Kill Volume (bbl)
14,000
12,000
10,000
8,000
6,000
4,000
2,000
0
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
Kill Mud Density (ppg)

Thresholds – Fixed
Density
Sensitivity - Fixed Density of 13.5 ppg (1.62 SG)
Kill Volume (bbl)
16,000
14,000
12,000
10,000
8,000
6,000
4,000
2,000
0
30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Kill Rate (BPM)

Thresholds – Fixed
Volume
Sensitivity - Fixed Mud Volume of 2 Hole Volumes
180
160
140
Kill Rate (BPM)
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
Kill Mud Density (ppg)

Changing the Rules
Inflow Performance
3,500
3,000
2,500
Reservoir Performance
7" x 4-1/2" Annular Performance
7" Casing Performance
7" x 3-1/2 Annular Performance
Pressure (psi)
2,000
1,500
300 PSI @ 6 BPM
7000 PSI @ 22 BPM
1,000
500
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160
Flowrate (MMscf/d)

Kill Fluid
– Water
• Goes into Turbulence Quickly
• Cheap & Usually Plentiful
• Less Polluting
• High Fluid Leak-Off
• Can Increase Flow Path Area
– Drilling Mud
• Great Fluid Leak-Off Properties
• Can use Higher Densities (Pro/Con)
• Does not go into Turbulence as Quickly

After Kill
• Water as Kill Fluid
– Displace Water w/ Kill Weight Mud
• Use Weight/Wait method
• ECD’s must be corrected for water-mud
transition
• Monitor wellbore
– Cement or other remedial operations

Real World Rules
• 40% more HHP/pump rate capacity than
simulated
– Don’t confuse HHP w/ Rate
• 100% more kill fluid volume than required
• Enough fuel for double the anticipated
pumping time
• Start the dynamic kill job in the morning
• All data acquisition into a central control
cabin (BPM, Pressure, Coms, Video, BHP)
• Only one person making the calls

Kill Spread

Relief Well Conduits

Surface Intervention
A B C D

THE End

Any Questions?