Beginning Python - From Novice to Professional
Beginning Python - From Novice to Professional Beginning Python - From Novice to Professional
CHAPTER 3 ■ WORKING WITH STRINGS 65 An optional second argument can be supplied to translate, specifying letters that should be deleted. If you wanted to emulate a really fast-talking German, for instance, you could delete all the spaces: >>> 'this is an incredible test'.translate(table, ' ') 'thizizaninkredibletezt' ■Tip Sometimes string methods such as lower won’t work quite the way you want them to—for instance, if you happen to use a non-English alphabet. Let’s say you want to convert the uppercase Norwegian word “BØLLEFRØ” to its lowercase equivalent: >>> print 'BØLLEFRØ'.lower() bØllefrØ As you can see, this didn’t really work because Python doesn’t consider “Ø” a real letter. In this case, you can use translate to do the translation: >>> table = maketrans('ÆØÅ', 'æøå') >>> word = 'KÅPESØM' >>> print word.lower() kÅpesØm >>> print word.translate(table) KåPESøM >>> print word.translate(table).lower() kåpesøm See also: replace, lower. A Quick Summary In this chapter, you have seen two important ways of working with strings: String formatting. The modulo operator (%) can be used to splice values into a string that contains conversion flags, such as %s. You can use this to format values in many ways, including right or left justification, setting a specific field width and precision, adding a sign (plus or minus), or left-padding with zeros. String methods. Strings have a plethora of methods. Some of them are extremely useful (such as split and join), while others are used less often (such as istitle or capitalize).
66 CHAPTER 3 ■ WORKING WITH STRINGS New Functions in This Chapter Function string.maketrans(from, to) Description Makes a translation table for translate What Now? Lists, strings, and dictionaries are three of the most important data types in Python. You’ve seen lists and strings, so guess what’s next? In the next chapter, you see how dictionaries not only support indices, but other kinds of keys (such as strings or tuples) as well. Dictionaries also support a few methods, although not as many as strings.
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66 CHAPTER 3 ■ WORKING WITH STRINGS<br />
New Functions in This Chapter<br />
Function<br />
string.maketrans(from, <strong>to</strong>)<br />
Description<br />
Makes a translation table for translate<br />
What Now?<br />
Lists, strings, and dictionaries are three of the most important data types in <strong>Python</strong>. You’ve<br />
seen lists and strings, so guess what’s next? In the next chapter, you see how dictionaries not<br />
only support indices, but other kinds of keys (such as strings or tuples) as well. Dictionaries<br />
also support a few methods, although not as many as strings.
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