Beginning Python - From Novice to Professional

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CHAPTER 24 ■ PROJECT 5: A VIRTUAL TEA PARTY 463 self.set_reuse_addr() self.bind(('', port)) self.listen(5) self.name = name self.sessions = [] def disconnect(self, session): self.sessions.remove(session) def broadcast(self, line): for session in self.sessions: session.push(line + '\r\n') def handle_accept(self): conn, addr = self.accept() self.sessions.append(ChatSession(self, conn)) if __name__ == '__main__': s = ChatServer(PORT, NAME) try: asyncore.loop() except KeyboardInterrupt: print Second Implementation The first prototype may be a fully functioning chat server, but its functionality is quite limited. The most obvious limitation is that you can’t discern who is saying what. Also, it does not interpret commands (such as say or logout), which the original specification requires. So, you need to add support for identity (one unique name per user) and command interpretation, and you must make the behavior of each session depend on the state it’s in (just connected, logged in, and so on)—all of this in a manner that lends itself easily to extension. Basic Command Interpretation I’ll show you how to model the command interpretation on the Cmd class of the cmd module in the standard library. (Unfortunately, you can’t use this class directly because it can only be used with sys.stdin and sys.stdout, and you’re working with several streams.) What you need is a function or method that can handle a single line of text (as typed by the user). It should split off the first word (the command) and call an appropriate method based on it. For example, the line say Hello, world! might result in the call do_say('Hello, world!')
464 CHAPTER 24 ■ PROJECT 5: A VIRTUAL TEA PARTY possibly with the session itself as an added argument (so do_say would know who did the talking). Here is a simple implementation, with an added method to express that a command is unknown: class CommandHandler: """ Simple command handler similar to cmd.Cmd from the standard library. """ def unknown(self, session, cmd): session.push('Unknown command: %s\r\n' % cmd) def handle(self, session, line): if not line.strip(): return parts = line.split(' ', 1) cmd = parts[0] try: line = parts[1].strip() except IndexError: line = '' meth = getattr(self, 'do_'+cmd, None) if callable(meth): meth(session, line) else: self.unknown(session, cmd) The use of getattr in this class is similar to that in Chapter 20. With the basic command handling out of the way, you need to define some actual commands—and which commands are available (and what they do) should depend on the current state of the session. How do you represent that state? Rooms Each state can be represented by a custom command handler. This is easily combined with the standard notion of chat rooms (or locations in a MUD). Each room is a CommandHandler with its own specialized commands. In addition, it should keep track of which users (sessions) are currently inside it. Here is a generic superclass for all your rooms: class EndSession(Exception): pass class Room(CommandHandler): """ A generic environment which may contain one or more users (sessions). It takes care of basic command handling and broadcasting. """
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Beginning Python From Novice to Pro
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For Ranveig
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■CHAPTER 23 Project 4: In the New
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About the Technical Reviewer ■JER
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Introduction A C program is like a
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256 CHAPTER 11 ■ FILES AND STUFF
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270 CHAPTER 12 ■ GRAPHICAL USER I
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298 CHAPTER 14 ■ NETWORK PROGRAMM
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572 APPENDIX C ■ ONLINE RESOURCES
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Index ■Symbols - operator 558 !=
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■INDEX 579 cmd module 252, 501 Cm
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■INDEX 581 get method 74-75 has_k
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■INDEX 595 Python C API 365 hand-
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