Beginning Python - From Novice to Professional

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CHAPTER 18 ■ PACKAGING YOUR PROGRAMS 379 Take a look at the source for the original palindrome.c (without all the wrapping code) in Listing 17-3. It’s certainly much simpler than the wrapped-up version. Being able to compile it directly as a Python extension, having Distutils use SWIG for you, can be very convenient. It’s all very simple, really—you just add the name of the interface (.i) file (see Listing 17-5) to the list of files in the Extension instance: from distutils.core import setup, Extension setup(name='palindrome', version='1.0', ext_modules = [ Extension('palindrome', ['palindrome.c', 'palindrome.i']) ]) If you run this script using the same command as before (build_ext, possibly with the --inplace switch), you should end up with a palindrome.so file again, but this time without having to write all the wrapper code yourself. Creating Executable Programs with py2exe The py2exe extension to Distutils (available from http://starship.python.net/crew/theller/ py2exe) allows you to build executable Windows programs (.exe files), which can be useful if you don’t want to burden your users with having to install a Python interpreter separately. ■Tip After creating your executable program, you may want to use an installer such as Inno Setup, mentioned in the sidebar “Using a Real Installer,” earlier in this chapter, to distribute the executable program and the accompanying files, created by py2exe. The py2exe package can be used to create executables with graphical user interfaces (such as wx, as described in Chapter 12). Let’s use a very simple example here (it uses the raw_input trick first discussed in the section “What About Double-Clicking?” in Chapter 1): print 'Hello, world!' raw_input('Press ') Again, starting in an empty directory containing only this file, called hello.py, create a setup.py like this: from distutils.core import setup import py2exe setup(console=['hello.py'])
380 CHAPTER 18 ■ PACKAGING YOUR PROGRAMS You can run this script like this: python setup.py py2exe This will create a console application (called hello.exe) along with a couple of other files in the dist subdirectory. You can either run it from the command line or double-click it. More information on how py2exe works, and how you can use it in more advanced ways, can be found on the py2exe Web site (http://starship.python.net/crew/theller/py2exe). A Quick Summary Finally, you now know how to create shiny, professional-looking software with fancy GUI installers—or how to automate the generation of those precious .tar.gz files. Here is a summary of the specific concepts covered: Distutils. The Distutils toolkit lets you write installer scripts, conventionally called setup.py, which let you install modules, packages, and extensions, and which let you build distributable archives and simple Windows installers. Distutils commands. You can run your setup.py script with several commands, such as build, build_ext, install, sdist, and bdist. Installers. There are many installer generators available, and you can use many of them to install your Python programs, making the process easier for your users. Compiling extensions. You can use Distutils to have your C extensions compiled automatically, with Distutils automatically locating your Python installation and figuring out which compiler to use. You can even have it run SWIG automatically. py2exe. The py2exe extension to Distutils can be used to create executable binaries from your Python programs. Along with a couple of extra files (which can be conveniently installed with an installer), these .exe files can be run without installing a Python interpreter separately. New Functions in This Chapter Function distutils.core.setup(...) Description Used to configure Distutils with keyword args in your setup.py scripts What Now? That’s it for the technical stuff—sort of. In the next chapter, you get some programming methodology and philosophy, and then come the projects. Enjoy!
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Beginning Python From Novice to Pro
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About the Technical Reviewer ■JER
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Introduction A C program is like a
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256 CHAPTER 11 ■ FILES AND STUFF
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270 CHAPTER 12 ■ GRAPHICAL USER I
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298 CHAPTER 14 ■ NETWORK PROGRAMM
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314 CHAPTER 15 ■ PYTHON AND THE W
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572 APPENDIX C ■ ONLINE RESOURCES
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Index ■Symbols - operator 558 !=
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