Beginning Python - From Novice to Professional

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CHAPTER 15 ■ PYTHON AND THE WEB 337 ■Tip You can find an RSS feed of Python news at http://python.org/channews.rdf. This feed is in RSS 1.0 format, though. Listing 15-11. Getting the Wired News from BeautifulSoup import BeautifulStoneSoup from urllib import urlopen from textwrap import wrap URL = 'http://www.wired.com/news/feeds/rss2' soup = BeautifulStoneSoup(urlopen(URL).read()) for item in soup('item'): print item.title.string print '-'*len(item.title.string) print '\n'.join(wrap(item.description.string)) print '[%s]\n' % item.link.string XML-RPC RPC stands for Remote Procedure Call, and XML is a language you’ve already encountered a few times by now. The XML-RPC Web site at http://www.xmlrpc.com is a good source of information. The standard library module xmlrpclib module is used to connect to XML-RPC servers, and SimpleXMLRPCServer is a class you can use to write such servers. In Chapter 27 you will learn more about the server stuff—here I will only look at the client side. ■Caution The version of SimpleXMLRPCServer that ships with Python 2.2 contains a serious flaw in its handling of exceptions. If you use this version, the programs in this chapter and Chapters 27 and 28 may appear to work, but in fact they won’t be working correctly. Either use a newer version of Python (for example, version 2.3) or download a new version of SimpleXMLRPCServer.py from http://www.sweetapp.com/ xmlrpc, and replace your current version with the downloaded one. Also, in Python 2.2, 2.3, and 2.4 the XML-RPC code contains some vulnerabilities; see http://www.python.org/security/PSF-2005-001 for information on this, as well as fixes for the problem. The easiest solution is to use either version 2.3.5 or newer in the 2.3 series, or 2.4.1 or newer in the 2.4 series, as the problems have been fixed there. To show you how easy xmlrpclib is to use, here is an example that connects to the XML- RPC server at The Covers Project (http://coversproject.com), a database of cover songs:
338 CHAPTER 15 ■ PYTHON AND THE WEB >>> from xmlrpclib import ServerProxy >>> server = ServerProxy('http://coversproject.com/RPC.php') >>> covers = server.covers.Covered('Monty Python') >>> for cover in covers: ... if cover['song'] == 'Brave Sir Robin': ... print cover['artist'] ... Happy Rhodes The ServerProxy object looks like a normal object with various methods you can call, but in fact, whenever you call one of its methods, it sends a request to the server, which responds to the requests and returns an answer. So, in a way, you’re calling the method covers.Covered on the server itself. Network programming could hardly be any easier than this. (For more information about the XML-RPC methods supplied by The Covers Project, see http:// coversproject.com/about/xmlrpc.html.) ■Note XML-RPC procedure (function/method) names may contain dots, as in the preceding example. The name covers.Covered does not imply the existence of an object named covers on the server—the dots are only used to structure the names. Here is a slightly more complicated example, which uses the news service Meerkat to find some articles about Python: >>> from xmlrpclib import ServerProxy >>> query = {'search': 'Python', 'num_items': 5} >>> s = ServerProxy('http://www.oreillynet.com/meerkat/xml-rpc/server.php') >>> items = s.meerkat.getItems(query) >>> [i['title'] for i in items] ['MacHack: Meet Dylan the Yoot', 'Hap Debugger', 'Project and proposal for integrating validation with processing pipelines', 'Spam Check', 'ZCoMIX 1.0 Final Released'] >>> items[0].keys()['link', 'description', 'title'] >>> items[3]['link'] 'http://aspn.activestate.com/ASPN/Cookbook/Python/Recipe/134945' As you can see, the method meerkat.getItems is called with a mapping parameter that contains various arguments (in this case a search query and the number of items to be returned) and returns a list of mappings, each of which has a title, a description, and a link. Actually, there is a lot more to Meerkat than this—if you want to experiment, take a look at the Meerkat Web site (http://www.oreillynet.com/meerkat) or one of the many online tutorials about the Meerkat XML-RPC API (for example, http://oreillynet.com/pub/a/rss/2000/11/14/ meerkat_xmlrpc.html).
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Beginning Python From Novice to Pro
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572 APPENDIX C ■ ONLINE RESOURCES
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Index ■Symbols - operator 558 !=
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