Beginning Python - From Novice to Professional

16.01.2014 Views
■CONTENTS xiii The Eight Queens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195 Backtracking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196 The Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196 State Representation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196 Finding Conflicts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197 The Base Case . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197 The Recursive Case . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198 Wrapping It Up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200 A Quick Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201 New Functions in This Chapter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 What Now? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 ■CHAPTER 10 Batteries Included . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203 Modules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203 Modules Are Programs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203 Modules Are Used to Define Things . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205 Making Your Modules Available . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207 Packages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210 Exploring Modules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211 What’s in a Module?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211 Getting Help with help . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212 Documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213 Use the Source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214 The Standard Library: A Few Favorites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215 sys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215 os . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216 fileinput . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219 Sets, Heaps, and Deques. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221 time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226 random. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228 shelve. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231 re . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235 Other Interesting Standard Modules. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251 A Quick Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252 New Functions in This Chapter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253 What Now? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253

xiv ■CONTENTS ■CHAPTER 11 Files and Stuff . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255 Opening Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255 The Mode Argument. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256 Buffering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257 The Basic File Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257 Reading and Writing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258 Reading and Writing Lines. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260 Closing Your Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261 Iterating Over File Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263 Doing It Byte by Byte . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264 One Line at a Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264 Reading Everything. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265 Lazy Line Iteration with fileinput and xreadlines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265 The New Kids on the Block: File Iterators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266 A Quick Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267 New Functions in This Chapter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268 What Now? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268 ■CHAPTER 12 Graphical User Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269 An Example GUI Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269 A Plethora of Platforms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270 Downloading and Installing wxPython . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271 Getting Started . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272 Creating Windows and Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273 Labels and Positions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274 More Intelligent Layout. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276 Event Handling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278 The Finished Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278 But I’d Rather Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280 Using Tkinter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281 Using Jython and Swing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282 Using Something Else. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283 A Quick Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283 What Now? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283

Page 2 and 3: Beginning Python From Novice to Pro

Page 4: For Ranveig

Page 7 and 8: ■CHAPTER 23 Project 4: In the New

Page 9 and 10: viii ■CONTENTS Strings . . . . .

Page 11 and 12: x ■CONTENTS ■CHAPTER 5 Conditio

Page 13: xii ■CONTENTS ■CHAPTER 8 Except

Page 17 and 18: xvi ■CONTENTS Dynamic Web Pages w

Page 19 and 20: xviii ■CONTENTS ■CHAPTER 20 Pro

Page 21 and 22: xx ■CONTENTS Second Implementatio

Page 23 and 24: xxii ■CONTENTS Preparations . . .

Page 26: About the Technical Reviewer ■JER

Page 30 and 31: Introduction A C program is like a

Page 32 and 33: CHAPTER 1 ■ ■ ■ Instant Hacki

Page 34 and 35: CHAPTER 1 ■ INSTANT HACKING: THE














Page 62 and 63: CHAPTER 2 ■ ■ ■ Lists and Tup

Page 64 and 65: CHAPTER 2 ■ LISTS AND TUPLES 33 I

Page 66 and 67: CHAPTER 2 ■ LISTS AND TUPLES 35 A

Page 68 and 69: CHAPTER 2 ■ LISTS AND TUPLES 37 >

Page 70 and 71: CHAPTER 2 ■ LISTS AND TUPLES 39 M

Page 72 and 73: CHAPTER 2 ■ LISTS AND TUPLES 41 T

Page 74 and 75: CHAPTER 2 ■ LISTS AND TUPLES 43 L

Page 76 and 77: CHAPTER 2 ■ LISTS AND TUPLES 45 W

Page 78 and 79: CHAPTER 2 ■ LISTS AND TUPLES 47

Page 80 and 81: CHAPTER 2 ■ LISTS AND TUPLES 49 a

Page 82 and 83: CHAPTER 2 ■ LISTS AND TUPLES 51 S

Page 84 and 85: CHAPTER 3 ■ ■ ■ Working with

Page 86 and 87: CHAPTER 3 ■ WORKING WITH STRINGS






Page 98 and 99: CHAPTER 4 ■ ■ ■ Dictionaries:

Page 100 and 101: CHAPTER 4 ■ DICTIONARIES: WHEN IN





Page 110: CHAPTER 4 ■ DICTIONARIES: WHEN IN

Page 113 and 114: 82 CHAPTER 5 ■ CONDITIONALS, LOOP









Page 131 and 132: 100 CHAPTER 5 ■ CONDITIONALS, LOO





Page 141 and 142: 110 CHAPTER 6 ■ ABSTRACTION But w

Page 143 and 144: 112 CHAPTER 6 ■ ABSTRACTION ■Ti

Page 145 and 146: 114 CHAPTER 6 ■ ABSTRACTION Can I

Page 147 and 148: 116 CHAPTER 6 ■ ABSTRACTION stora

Page 149 and 150: 118 CHAPTER 6 ■ ABSTRACTION 4. Yo

Page 151 and 152: 120 CHAPTER 6 ■ ABSTRACTION The p

Page 153 and 154: 122 CHAPTER 6 ■ ABSTRACTION >>> p

Page 155 and 156: 124 CHAPTER 6 ■ ABSTRACTION Also,

Page 157 and 158: 126 CHAPTER 6 ■ ABSTRACTION Feel

Page 159 and 160: 128 CHAPTER 6 ■ ABSTRACTION ■No

Page 161 and 162: 130 CHAPTER 6 ■ ABSTRACTION So yo

Page 163 and 164: 132 CHAPTER 6 ■ ABSTRACTION numer

Page 165 and 166: 134 CHAPTER 6 ■ ABSTRACTION LAMBD

Page 167 and 168: 136 CHAPTER 6 ■ ABSTRACTION In th

Page 169 and 170: 138 CHAPTER 6 ■ ABSTRACTION Scope

Page 171 and 172: 140 CHAPTER 7 ■ MORE ABSTRACTION










Page 191 and 192: 160 CHAPTER 8 ■ EXCEPTIONS >>> im

Page 193 and 194: 162 CHAPTER 8 ■ EXCEPTIONS Custom

Page 195 and 196: 164 CHAPTER 8 ■ EXCEPTIONS More T

Page 197 and 198: 166 CHAPTER 8 ■ EXCEPTIONS try: x

Page 199 and 200: 168 CHAPTER 8 ■ EXCEPTIONS Invali

Page 201 and 202: 170 CHAPTER 8 ■ EXCEPTIONS If you

Page 204 and 205: CHAPTER 9 ■ ■ ■ Magic Methods

Page 206 and 207: CHAPTER 9 ■ MAGIC METHODS, PROPER














Page 234 and 235: CHAPTER 10 ■ ■ ■ Batteries In

Page 236 and 237: CHAPTER 10 ■ BATTERIES INCLUDED 2
























Page 284: CHAPTER 10 ■ BATTERIES INCLUDED 2

Page 287 and 288: 256 CHAPTER 11 ■ FILES AND STUFF







Page 301 and 302: 270 CHAPTER 12 ■ GRAPHICAL USER I







Page 316 and 317: CHAPTER 13 ■ ■ ■ Database Sup

Page 318 and 319: CHAPTER 13 ■ DATABASE SUPPORT 287




Page 326: CHAPTER 13 ■ DATABASE SUPPORT 295

Page 329 and 330: 298 CHAPTER 14 ■ NETWORK PROGRAMM








Page 345 and 346: 314 CHAPTER 15 ■ PYTHON AND THE W













Page 372 and 373: CHAPTER 16 ■ ■ ■ Testing, 1-2

Page 374 and 375: CHAPTER 16 ■ TESTING, 1-2-3 343 W

Page 376 and 377: CHAPTER 16 ■ TESTING, 1-2-3 345 d

Page 378 and 379: CHAPTER 16 ■ TESTING, 1-2-3 347 u

Page 380 and 381: CHAPTER 16 ■ TESTING, 1-2-3 349 F

Page 382 and 383: CHAPTER 16 ■ TESTING, 1-2-3 351 P

Page 384 and 385: CHAPTER 16 ■ TESTING, 1-2-3 353 "

Page 386: CHAPTER 16 ■ TESTING, 1-2-3 355 N

Page 389 and 390: 358 CHAPTER 17 ■ EXTENDING PYTHON







Page 404 and 405: CHAPTER 18 ■ ■ ■ Packaging Yo

Page 406 and 407: CHAPTER 18 ■ PACKAGING YOUR PROGR



Page 412 and 413: CHAPTER 19 ■ ■ ■ Playful Prog

Page 414 and 415: CHAPTER 19 ■ PLAYFUL PROGRAMMING



Page 420: CHAPTER 19 ■ PLAYFUL PROGRAMMING

Page 423 and 424: 392 CHAPTER 20 ■ PROJECT 1: INSTA









Page 442 and 443: CHAPTER 21 ■ ■ ■ Project 2: P

Page 444 and 445: CHAPTER 21 ■ PROJECT 2: PAINTING




Page 452 and 453: CHAPTER 22 ■ ■ ■ Project 3: X

Page 454 and 455: CHAPTER 22 ■ PROJECT 3: XML FOR A







Page 468: CHAPTER 22 ■ PROJECT 3: XML FOR A

Page 471 and 472: 440 CHAPTER 23 ■ PROJECT 4: IN TH







Page 486 and 487: CHAPTER 24 ■ ■ ■ Project 5: A

Page 488 and 489: CHAPTER 24 ■ PROJECT 5: A VIRTUAL








Page 504 and 505: CHAPTER 25 ■ ■ ■ Project 6: R

Page 506 and 507: CHAPTER 25 ■ PROJECT 6: REMOTE ED



Page 512: CHAPTER 25 ■ PROJECT 6: REMOTE ED

Page 515 and 516: 484 CHAPTER 26 ■ PROJECT 7: YOUR








Page 531 and 532: 500 CHAPTER 27 ■ PROJECT 8: FILE













Page 558 and 559: CHAPTER 29 ■ ■ ■ Project 10:

Page 560 and 561: CHAPTER 29 ■ PROJECT 10: DO-IT-YO









Page 578 and 579: APPENDIX A ■ ■ ■ The Short Ve

Page 580 and 581: APPENDIX A ■ THE SHORT VERSION 54



Page 586: APPENDIX A ■ THE SHORT VERSION 55

Page 589 and 590: 558 APPENDIX B ■ PYTHON REFERENCE







Page 603 and 604: 572 APPENDIX C ■ ONLINE RESOURCES

Page 606 and 607: Index ■Symbols - operator 558 !=

Page 608 and 609: ■INDEX 577 assertEqual method Tes

Page 610 and 611: ■INDEX 579 cmd module 252, 501 Cm

Page 612 and 613: ■INDEX 581 get method 74-75 has_k

Page 614 and 615: ■INDEX 583 ■F Factory class twi

Page 616 and 617: ■INDEX 585 finding conflicts 197

Page 618 and 619: ■INDEX 587 initialization 38 nami

Page 620 and 621: ■INDEX 589 localtime function tim

Page 622 and 623: ■INDEX 591 nesting blocks 88 Netw

Page 624 and 625: ■INDEX 593 playful programming 38

Page 626 and 627: ■INDEX 595 Python C API 365 hand-

Page 628 and 629: ■INDEX 597 ■S safe_substitute m

Page 630 and 631: ■INDEX 599 split function re modu

Page 632 and 633: ■INDEX 601 TestCase class methods

Page 634 and 635: ■INDEX 603 further exploration 47

Page 641: forums.apress.com FOR PROFESSIONALS

python

module

method

import

methods

listing

functions

returns

server

sequence

novice

www.iaa.es

Beginning Python - From Novice to Professional

Beginning Python - From Novice to Professional ... View more Beginning Python - From Novice to Professional

Delete template?

Save as template ?

Beginning Python - From Novice to Professional Beginning Python - From Novice to Professional