BIBLIOGRAPHIC INPUT SHEET TEMPORARY Patterns of mortality ...

Chapter XVI. Environmental Conditions
317
creased from 9.4 for the neonatal group to
15.0 for the postneonatal group in the 13
cities, and in the eight other areas they
were 39.2 and 43.3 respectively. These differences
can be seen in Figure 160. The dedata
for the 22 areas of 14 projects
tailed
are presented in Table 186.
As with most of the data presented, the
variations among areas were great. Almost
all households were supplied with water and
toilet facilities in Shcrbrookc (91.8 p~er
cent), Cali (91.7) and Santiago (89.5),
while in three areas at least 50 per cent of
the homes of infants (lying in the postneonatal
period nata had peiodhadneiher neither of these facilities.
conditions
as measured by availabilty of water
supplies and sanitary installations were deficient
or lacking in high proportions of the
families of infants in the postneonatal
group. These data serve to show the extent
of deficiencies in water and sewage facilities
and the amount of effort needed to bring
many areas to the level of those attained
by a few, such as Santiago, where infant
mortality has been markedly reduced in
recent years.
In Chapter XIV it was shown that much
higher proportions of the deceased children
of mothers with secondary or university
education died in the neonatal period than
children whose mothers had no education
(Figure 143), and that in several cities in
Latin America more than 60 per cent of the
deaths of children of the better educated
mothers occurred in the neonatal period.
This concentration of deaths of children
under 5 years of age in the neonatal period
indicates a favorable situation, for in projects
with low death rates (as in Sherbrooke
and California) over 60 per cent of the
deaths of children under 5 years of age
f tesefaclites.occurred in the neonatal period.
There is no doubt that environmental Acsimilar tutionawa found u
diviig t ailie sa ord to suulies
a ndosanta a il­
divi bility t of water fa sup~plies and sanitary facilities.
Table 187 shows the proportions of
deaths of children under 5 years that occurred
in the neonatal periv'i in two groups
of families: (1) those with piped water inside
the house and flush toilets, and (2)
those with neither of these facilities.
In five areas more than 60 per cent of the
deaths occurred in tIhe neonatal period in
families in the first group, while the per-
Fia. 160. Piped Water and Sanitary Facilities in Families of Infants Dying in Neonatal and Postneonatal
Periods in 13 Cities and Eight Other Areas of 13 Latin American Projects Combined.
PER CENT
Pit CENT
0 20 4o 60 so 0 20 40 60 so
I r I I
I - -I
PM I
ONATAL PERIOD 13 CITIES DEATHS IN POSThEONATAL PERIOD
WAT
WMW
8 OTHER AREAS
PIPEDWAITE INSIDE
PIPED WATER OUTSIDE OR NONE
FLUSHTOILET
TOILETFACILITY
r OTHER TOILETFACILITY E NO TOITETFACILITY
M NO TOILETFACILITY