BIBLIOGRAPHIC INPUT SHEET TEMPORARY Patterns of mortality ...

144 ,Patterna of Mortality in:Childhood
Fio. 72. Mortality' from Diarrheal Disease by Kingston-6t. Andrew, Which had relatively
Month of Age in First Two Years of Life in TWO low rates through the first year of life. These
Areas of El Salvador.
a00
are areas where mothers continue breast
feeding for a longer time than in the
Brazilian and El Salvador areas. Although
deaths in the Chile project were concen­
600 trated in early life, the death rates were low.
A
In El Salvador diarrheal disease mortality
continued to be very high even at 11
- 40 .months of age. Only by the end of the
-. second year did the rates become lower.
4 Figure 72 shows the rates for the rural mu­
0
\nicipios
and for San Salvador in the first
200 -
two years of age (smoothed averages were
SAN SALVAo..
plotted to eliminate the variation by month
of age due to small numbers in the municipios).
The excessive mortality in the
01 1 1 rural municipios indicates that diarrheal
-1 3 6 9 12 I5 Is 21 24
AGE IN MONTHS
disease constitutes a very serious health
'Smoothed 61.. .9of death t....ends, I yea pto , 100,000 lve blhs
.ad 12.23moths pot 100,000 popolot,. .
problem in children throughout
two years of life.
the first
AMEBIASIS AND OTHER INFECTIOUS INTESTINAL DISEASES
Amebiasis was the underlying cause of the neonatal period) indicates the serious
303, deaths (Table 70). These occurred in need for sanitation measures and health eduonly
nine of the 25 areas, and half of them cation in those areas. In Monterrey, eight
were in Monterrey, Mexico (where the rate deaths from amebiasis occurred in the ncowas
71.6 per 100,000 population). The rates natal period and 60 in the age period 28
were also high in the rural inunicipiosof El days-5 months (Table 74).
Salvador (102.7) and in San Salvador As shown in Table 75, there were four
(62.6). Deaths from amebiasis occurred in projects (Siio Paulo, Chile, El Salvador, and
all three cities in Colombia.
Monterrey) in which at least 40 deaths oc-
Although water-borne outbreaks occur, curred due to other intestinal infectious
amebic infection is usually spread from diseases (typhoid fever, paratyphoid, other
person to person through food handling. In salmonellosis, bacillary dysentery, and
the amebiasis deaths in the Investigation enteritis due to other specified organisms).
serious complications were noted, particu- In these projects, typhoid fever (001) was
larly of the hepatic-abscess type. Also the the underlying cause of only six deaths,
fact that infants died early in life (even in three of which occurred in Chile. Other