BIBLIOGRAPHIC INPUT SHEET TEMPORARY Patterns of mortality ...

ChapterVII. Mortality in Early Childhood
135
than did diarrheal disease as an underlying
cause in seven projects. These projects,
with the death rates per 100,000 population,
were:
Bolivia
Recife
Cali
Monterrey
Ribeirio Pr~to
SAo Paulo
San Juan Province
184.5
165.2
54.4
51.3
41.7
32.0
30.1
In Sherbrooke one death from measles
was reported in a one-year-old child, and
in the California project one in a 3-year-old
child in San Francisco.
In the first nine projects shown in Figure
67, nutritional deficiency contributed to
mortality in the 2-4 year age group as an
associated cause with high rates. The
Chilean project had the lowest rate of all
those in Latin America. External causes
and the group of other causes were responsible
for high proportions of the deaths in
the Chilean, Sherbrooke, and California
projects. Malignant neoplasms were also
one of the leading causes in the group of
"others."
The death rates in two areas of the El
Salvador project are shown in Figure 68.
In this age group the rate of 1,802.3 per
100,000 population in the rural municipios
was more than four times that in San Salvador
(430.1). The rate for diarrheal disease
in these municipios was high both as
underlying and as associated cause, as was
also the rate for nutritional deficiency.
These figures provide another indication of
the excessive mortality in rural areas.
* * *
In summary, mortality in the age period
1-4 years shows extremely wide variations
in the 15 projects, from very high rates to
very low ones. However, mortality in 2-4
year-old children in certain areas is approaching
the very low rates attained in
the Canadian and California projects. The
differences observed in the two areas of El
Salvador make it clear diat rural populations
experience much higher rates even in
the age period 2-4 years. To reduce mortal-
Fia. 68. Underlying and Associated Causes of Mortality' of Children 2-4 Years of Age in
Urban and Rural Areas of El Salvador Project.
DIARRHI At DISEASE
NEASLES
0IH13IKEECIIOUS'­
*IIIllOAit DE.
R1SPIEAIOEY
ETEHINAL
OAI[I
DISEA..
DIAn1HEAI
UNDERLYING
DEATHSPER 100,000 POPULATION
0 200 400 600 300 1000
I I I I I
430,1
1802.3
ASSOCIATED
DEATHS PEE 100,000 POPULATION
1200 0 200 400 600 oo 1000 1200
I I I I I I I
SAN SALVADOR
RURAL MUNICIPiOS
MEASLES
]'
01813 018110
______,____
----
tiEECIIOUS
,_____, ____
"
IUIDIIIOIA1 lSPIlAllOll DEE.
[t I SEASE e 0 peIIIpl pe
J
WlH EN
F,'. ;..
olh* doolh #.od per I00,000 popivillonis given in the Upper left coiner of each Otto.