BIBLIOGRAPHIC INPUT SHEET TEMPORARY Patterns of mortality ...

132 Pattenisof Mortality in Childhood
tributed to more than half the deaths from
all causes in all projects except Cali.
. The pattern is distinctly different in the
other seven projects with lower death rates.
Infectious diseases as underlying causes
were responsible for less than half the deaths
in all projects except Ribeirao Prto. Chile
had the lowest rate for the Latn American
projects; as underlying causes, external
causes led to more deaths in that project
than did diarrheal disease, and the group of
other causes (which includes congenital
sysanomalies
and diseases of the nervous
tern) was the largest.
In both Sherbrookc and California the
low, with external
death rates were very
causes and the group of "others" constituting
nearly all the underlying causes (16 out
of 20 in Sherbrooke and 30 out of 33 in
California).
The death rates for the two areas in El
Salvador, shown in Figure 65, illustrate the
excessive mortality in a rural area cornpared
with that in a neighboring city: the
4
rate for the rural municipios- ,811.5 per
100,000 population-was nearly three times
that in the city of San Salvador (1,741.8).
Actually, by comparison with the cities in
other projects, San Salvador's rate was
third, following that of La Paz (2,716.0)
and Recife (1,920.2).
Diarrheal disease was the leading cause in
both areas of El Salvador. The rate for
measles (second bar in Figure 65) was
higher in the rural area than in the city.
The rate for nutritional deficiency (fourth
bar) was high as both underlying and associated
cause in the rural area, and high in
the city as an associated cause. These high
death rates for one-year-old children in the
rural municipios, an area close to San Salvador
and served by health facilities, suggest
even more serious health problems in
more remote rural areas.
Fio. 65. Underlying anl Associated Causes of Mortality, of Children One Year of
Age in Urban and Rural Areas of El Salvador Project.
UNDERLYING
DEAIHSPER100,000 POPULATION
ASSOCIATED
DEATHSPER 100.000 POPULATION
0 1000 2000 2000 0 1000 2000 31.­
1741.8 SAN SALVADOR
011! IRiECIlOU$1711
IITIIIOAt DEF. [
ISPIRIOif [
IIERIAL O1H13
01111111111 DIIIAsI
HEASU11
8E
.5RURAL
_
MUNICIPIOS
NEPIIAL g.
OHWE ENIICIIOUS
1UIIIIIO EIh4 DI.
IAIENI1 ISIS
RIIPIRAIOIW
-
OII
l',
, . . .'
•, • ,,.
o The deoth l.I* pot 100.000 pop.1lloe. Is gIon i. tho 1.11 oppo, cor..,
of eOch oeo.