BIBLIOGRAPHIC INPUT SHEET TEMPORARY Patterns of mortality ...

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ChapterVII. Mortalityin Early Childhood 127 TABLE 66. Mortality' of Children 1-4 Years of Age with Nutritional Deficiency as Underlying or Associated Cause in 25 Areas of 15 Projects. Area Total Underlying Associated cause Total Contributory Consequence No. Rate No. Rate No. Rate No. Rate No. Rate ARGENTINA Claco Province Resistenria ........................... Rural departments .................... San Juan Province San Juan (city)....................... Suburban departments ................ Rural departments .................... BO.IVIA l.a Paz .... ......................... Viaclia .............................. 76 100 1 27 58 737 24 2.3 3.6 0.5 0.9 1.6 6.1 0.3 BRAZIL Recife ................................. 599 6.3 100 1.0 400 5.2 436 4.6 03 0.7 Ribierio Prto Ribeirdo Prto (city)................. Franca .............................. Communities ......................... Sao Paulo .............................. 44 30 23 251 1.3 2.2 1.7 1.3 CANADA Sherbrooke ............................ 6 0.1 - - 6 0.3 - - 6 0.3 CHILE Santiago ............................. Conunas ............................. COLOMBIA Cali ................................... Cartagena ..... ....................... Medellin .............................. El, SALVADOR San Salvador....................... Rural municipios ..................... JAMAICA Metropolitan Kingston ................ St. Andrew. rural ..................... 95 14 287 283 262 421 309 101 26 0.6 3.3 3.5 4.1 3.5 5.3 18.7 0.8 2.1 MEXICO Monterrey ... ........................ 425 2.5 47 01 378 2.2 260 1.6 109 0.6 UNITED STA.. S San Francisco ........................ California, suburban .................. 3 20 0.1 0.2 12 (1 - 7 10 33 1 5 8 3 38 15 - 85 73 50 62 75 25 5 - - 0.4 0.2 - 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.1 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.1 - 1.1 1.1 0.7 0.8 4.5 0.2 0.4 - - 64 04 it 20 48 704 23 39 31 20 213 80 14 202 210 212 350 234 76 21 3 20 2.0 3.4 0.5 0.7 1.4 5.9 8.0 1.2 1.8 1.4 1.1 0.5 1.3 2.5 3.1 2.8 4.5 14.1 0.6 1.7 0.1 0.2 54 74 7 13 30 575 20 32 28 12 1.13 53 12 169 169 178 282 197 53 13 - 1 1.7 2.7 0.3 05 1.1 4.8 7.8 1.0 1.6 0.9 0.8 0.3 0.9 2.1 2.5 2.4 3.5 11.9 0.4 1.3 - 0.0 10 20 4 7 9 120 3 7 3 8 70 27 2 33 41 34 77 37 23 8 3 10 0.3 0.7 0.2 0.2 0.3 1.1 1.2 0.2 0.2 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.5 1.0 2.2 0.2 0.6 0.1 0.1 * Rates per 1,000 population.
128 Patternsof Mortalityin'Childhood In 10 areas nutritional deficiency was one of the causes in over 60 per cent of the deaths: Per cent El Salvador, rural Cartagena Ribeirfio Pr~to, communities Recife Ribeirfio Pr~to (city) St. Andrew, rural San Salvador Resistencia Medellin Cali 71.2 70.9 69.7 69.5 68.8 68.4 65.4 65.0 61.8 60.5 The relationship of nutritional deficiency to mortality from all causes was not as close in the 12 areas with lower death rates (Figure 62). Rates from this morbid condition low in Santiago and the city of San were Juan. In San Francisco nutritional deftciency was an associated cause in only three deaths (as a consequence), while in the suburban counties of California it was reported in 20 deaths (as a consequence in 19). In the Sherbrooke project it was a consequence in six deaths. The underlying and associated causes of death for children 1 year and 2-4 years of age are presented in greater detail in the following sections, and the complete data appear in the tables in Appendix 2. MORTALITY IN THE SECOND YEAR OF LIFE For the child who has reached the first birthday, the second year of life is the most hazardous one in early childhood. It is an especially dangerous period for those who have not attained a normal nutritional state and are therefore more vulnerable to infectious diseases. Of the 7,493 deaths in the age group 1- years, more than half (4,361) were of children in their second year of life, that is, one that yer year ofage.crease s, oe The range in death rates for these children (Table 67 and Figure 63) was the greatest of all the age periods. The variations were from 0.8 per 1,000 pol)ulation in the suburban California counties to 50.7 in Viacha, Bolivia. In Latin America rural and suburban areas had higher rates than those in cities in the same projects, with one exception (Ribeirrio Prto). In Argentina, Bolivia, and El Salvador the rural rates were much higher than in the cities. The differences were less in Chile and Jamaica, the rates being only slightly higher in the comunas near Santiago and in rural St. Andrew near Metropolitan Kingston. In the California project the rates were nearly the same for San Francisco and for the suburban counties 10.94 and 0.79 per 1,000 p)opulation). It would appear that differences between rates for rural anl urban areas (eits mortality becomies low. creaseas tie ncmes ow. In 10 areas the numbers of deaths were small (less than 50) and thus for the analysis by causes each of the projects is treated as a whole (Table 68). The only exception is El Salvador, where the number of deaths in the rural inunicipios (217) was sufficient for division by causes. Also the marked differences found in El Salvador are indica tive of the wide variations in urban and rural areas when death rates are high.
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A'.1 ii,', r" lWAH', T , .NA ON i I
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PATTEiNS OF MORTALITY IN CHILnnooll
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PrincipalCollaborators Dr. Adela Le
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vi Patternsof Mortality in Childhoo
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DEDICATED TO ROBERT GOODWIN FIELD A
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CONTENTS (cont.) Page Comparisons w
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CONTENTS (cont.) Distribution of Li
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xvi Patternsof Mortality in Childho
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Chapter IV Mortality in Childhood T
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Chapter X Congenital Anomalies Know
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Chapter:XI Other Diseases and Exter
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226 Patterns of Mortalityin Childho
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228i Patterniof Mirtalityin Childho
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260 Paiterns of Mortality in Childh
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.2,4 Pattensof Mortality in Childho
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286 PatternA of Mdrtality in Childh
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APPENDICES
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APPENDIX 1 STANDARD FORM OF QUESTIO
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Appendix 1 363 Confidential INTER-A
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Appendix 1 365 INTER-AMERICAN INVES
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Appendiz 1 369 Confidential INTER-A
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APPENDIX 2 UNDERLYING AND ASSOCIATE
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Appendix 2 373 DEATH RATES Chaco Pr
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Appendix 2 375 DEATH RATES Resisten
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Appendix 8 377 DEATH RATES Rural De
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DEATH RATES San Juan Province-ARGEN
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Appendii 2 381 DEATH RATES City of
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4ppendiz2 383 DEATH RATES Suburban
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Appendiz 2 385 DEATH RATES Rural De
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ppendix 2 087 DEATH-RATES La Paz-BO
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Appendix 8 389 DEATH RATES Viacha-B
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Appendix 2 391 DEATH RATES Recife-B
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Appendix 9 393 DEATH RATES City of
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dppendix 8 395 DEATH RATES Franca,
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Appendix'$ :397 DEATH RATES Ribeiri
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Appendix B 399 Cause DEATH RATES S
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Appendix . 401 DEATH RATES Sherbroo
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Appendiz 8 403 DEATH RATES Santiago
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Appendix 9 405 nfective and parasit
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Appendiz 2 407 DEATH RATES Cali-COL
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Appendix 2 409 DEATH RATES Cartagen
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Appendiz, 411 DEATH RATES MedellIn-
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Appendix 2 413 DEATH RATES San Salv
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Appendix 2 415 DEATH RATES Rural
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Appendix 9 417 DEATH RATES Kingston
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1pPendix2 419 Cause 5 years Total D
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Appendix 8 421 DEATH RATES Rural St
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Appendirs 423 DEATH RATES Monterrey
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AppendixlB 425 DEATH RATES San Fran
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Appmdx 427 DEATH RATES Suburban Cou
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APPENDIX 4 HOME INTERVIEWS OF FAMIL
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Appenam a Sol APPENDIX 5 (cont.) NU
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-Appendix 6 433 Miguel A. Garcia Ce
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Appenae uO Denise Bernier Cleuza Ma
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REFERENCES-' American Society of Cl
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References, 439 rof,Differing Socio
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References 441 Pan American Health
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References 4 Verhoestuaete, L.J. an
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Index Accidents, 234-238 Age of mo
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447 Bolivia project, La Paz (cont.)
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Index 449 California project, Unite
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Index 451 Chaco Province project, A
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Index 453 'bile, City of Santiago (
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El Salvador project (cont.) Nutrit
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Inter American Investigation (cont.
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Index 459 Maternal infection, 99-10
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ItidI 481 Monterrey project, mexico
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irurcx 463 Recife project, Brazil (
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Index 465 Ribeirfo Pr~to, communiti
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Index 467 San Juan Provin,e project
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Index- 469 Sheehy, T. W., 149, 442
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BIBLIOGRAPHIC INPUT SHEET TEMPORARY Patterns of mortality ...

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