Heating & Ventilation for Pigs - Hydor

Heating & Ventilation for Pigs

Introduction
A
As a leading manufacturer of
Heating and Ventilation products
to the pig sector, Hydor is driven
by achieving a system design that
is not only cost effective to the
farmer, but enhances the pigs
performance at the same time.
Introduction
Since Pigs are housed according to their age, the need to understand their precise
heating and ventilation requirements is an important prerequisite of their
environmental control.
Pigs require warmth, as well as a dry bed and protection from winter draughts and summer
heat. Furthermore, there are minimum requirements for fresh air, space, and the hygienic
conditions to ensure that the pigs accommodation through its growth cycle provide stable,
defined air temperatures, thereby enabling growth of the animal, with feed utilisation being
improved at the same time.
Because of their sensitivity to temperature conditions at different stages of their growth cycle the
right environment ensures pigs display stable behaviour. As social animals, this is an important
facet to their ability to interact with other pigs in the group, as they tend to be kept in large
numbers in one defined area.
2

ction
The need for a controlled environment
At Hydor we fully appreciate that farmers rearing their pigs within a building rely on the heating
and ventilation equipment and system design to provide the precise comfort conditions for
their pigs.
The most important aspect when designing the heating and ventilation for the building is the
performance and welfare of the pigs, thereby achieving the right balance between installation
costs, reliability of product and the overall running costs.
This brochure provides an insight into the comprehensive range of Hydor products
available for pig farming applications. From farrowing through to finishing, Hydor
provides the pig farmer with quality products and system design capabilities to
ensure growth and animal welfare.
Whether it be a refurbishment project, expansion or new build piggery
accommodation, as one of the leading heating and ventilating
manufacturers within the agricultural sector, Hydor is confident it can
assist you with the design criteria specified, the right product selection
and controls systems required.
Hydor have been manufacturing fans, heaters and controls, whilst
working closely with pig farmers in their system design approach
for more than 40 years now. It is this experience that provides the
knowledge, expertise and flexibility to develop bespoke products
and customer confidence in our capabilities.
3

T
Ins
Typical Installations
Farrowing House
There are many approaches to mechanical ventilation system designs
for pig buildings, with the classification of the system based on
the air pressure of the enclosure relative to the outside pressure
i.e. the fans blowing into the enclosure
The drawings outlined in this brochure are intended merely to illustrate
some typical arrangements at those differering stages from farrowing to
finishing. These arrangements show typical negative pressure systems, which
operate below outdoor air pressure i.e. fans exhausting from the enclosure.
It must be stressed however that there are many ways in which the design
criteria could be met, and it should not be assumed that the examples
illustrated are the only ones.
It is important to understand that Hydor has more than 40 years experience in
the development and design of agricultural ventilation and heating systems,
ensuring our capabilities provide the precise environmental conditions required
by pig farmers in terms of the temperature and air speeds throughout the
pig’s life cycle.
VARC Controller
Roof Mounted Agri-Jet
AGRI-JET
ROOF MOUNTED
‘HEOSS’ Pig Heater
‘HE’ Propeller Fans
COLD AIR
COLD AIR
WHEN REQUIRED
COLD AIR
HE PROPELLER FAN
HE PROPELLER FAN
HOT AIR
HEOSS
PIG HEATERS
CENTRAL PASSAGE
HOT AIR
Figure 1.0
Farrowing House Figure 1.0
With the piglets born in the Farrowing House, the new born piglets require
extra heat, requiring a lot more warmth during the first few days in order to
adjust to the weaner accommodation – a critical part of their growth cycle.
Equally important to understand is that heating for the sow and piglets should
be considered separately when determining heating and ventilation as they
require significantly different temperatures.
Because the pig’s growth is critical to its performance in the future, provision
of the correct temperature in the Farrowing House is particularly important
because of the pig’s sensitivity at this stage.
This particular drawing depicts a Farrowing House with roof inlets and side
extraction where the fans are mounted in the side walls of the building. Air is
drawn through the inlet unit, though a slotted ceiling area into the cubicles
when required for ventilation. When heating the units, air will be drawn
through the slot in the passageway into the ‘HEOSS’ pig heater units and
blown into the cubicle, naturally expelling through the outlet. Farrowing Units
only require gentle air movements so as not to disturb the mother and the
piglets. The central air inlet can have adjustable shutters fitted to direct the air
where required.
4

Typical Installations
Weaning House
‘HEOSS’ Pig Heater
Roof Mounted Agri-Jet
‘HE’ Propeller Fans
AGRI-JET
ROOF MOUNTED
HE PROPELLER FAN
AIR INLET
AIR INLET
PASSAGE
HEOSS
PIG HEATER
HEOSS
PIG HEATER
Figure 2.0
Weaning House
At weaning, the pigs are known as ‘weaners’, usually housed in pens holding
a number of pigs, where they remain until they reach the correct weight
where they are moved out to the fattening house. There are many variations
in the design and layout of the Weaner House, although it generally
consists of a central feeding passage with pens on either side and a
dunging area alongside the outside walls. Most weaner accommodation
incorporates heating and ventilation and it is the heating that accounts for
most of the energy use, because of its importance in the pig’s growth. With
earlier weaning becoming more common place, the use of more heating at
the weaner stage is apparent. Although there are a wide variety of heating
systems available on the market for weaner housing systems, Hydor provide
the proven ‘HEOSS’ range of heaters for Weaner House applications.
With rapid growth at the weaner stage of accommodation the heat output
of a group of pigs begins to increase and temperature requirements
decrease, thereby initiating a gradual change from heating to ventilation
within the building.
Hydor is able to provide the controlled environmental conditions to ensure
the automatic operation of both the heating and ventilation systems as the
need arises within the weaner accommodation.
Figure 2.0
Air Inlets
VARC Controller
This typically illustrates this arrangement where the ‘HEOSS’ heater units are
placed under the floor and warm air is blown into the under floor camber
rising through the floor area where the pigs lye, naturally venting through the
roof mounted fan unit. When ventilation is required, warm air is drawn up
through the side inlet units and either directed upwards in winter to drop on
to the floor area, or in summer directed downward onto the area to cool the
pigs and then extracted by the fan, discharging vertically thereby preventing
any dust or muck ingress onto the roof to pollute the water courses.
5

Ins
Typical Installations
Fattening House
AGRI-JET
ROOF MOUNTED
Roof Mounted Agri-Jet
‘HE’ Propeller Fans
HE PROPELLER FAN
AIR INLET
AIR INLET
PASSAGE
DUNG LAYING PIGS LAYING PIGS DUNG
Figure 3.0
Fattening House Figure 3.0
Fattening House – Although the mature pig is more tolerant to a greater
variation in temperatures, the pigs feed intake, growth rate and the efficiency
of its feed conversion are largely dependent on the environmental
temperature within its accommodation.
Although the Fattening House is essentially the same as the Weaning House it
is on a larger scale.
Figure 3.0 illustrates a conventional roof extract, negative pressure system.
Here, air is drawn into the unit through the side inlets and directed either
upwards in winter, allowing the air to fall into the dunging area or
directed down to the dunging area in summer, passing over the pigs
and rising towards the centre of the unit to be exhausted through the
roof mounted fan unit. Dust and foul air are discharged vertically out and
off the unit, thereby preventing fouling of the roof and contamination of
any water courses.
With a larger pig at this stage in its growth cycle, the
heat output increases with the weight and temperature
requirements fall, thus the ventilation systems in finishing
houses require a higher capacity than required in the
farrowing or weaning accommodation.
Air Inlets
The ventilation required at this stage of pig production
means that the selection of fans and the controls, as
well as the reliability and maintenance for these systems
is fundamental for efficient operation.
VARC Controller
6

tallations
Breeding Sows
Typical Installations
Roof Mounted Agri-Jet
Heavy Hogs
Turbulator
Circulation Fan
‘HE’ Propeller Fans
AGRI-JET
ROOF MOUNTED
Air Inlets
HE PROPELLER FAN
VARC Controller
TURBULATORS
TURBULATORS
AIR INLET
AIR INLET
PASSAGE
PASSAGE
Breeding Sows & Heavy Hogs
The dry and pregnant sows are either housed in pens holding several sows
or in sow stalls, whereby the pigs are housed individually; this has the
advantage of individual feeding without the fear of fighting.
Figure 4.0
Figure 4.0
This typically illustrates a conventional negative pressure, roof extract system.
Air is drawn through the side inlets and directed upwards in winter allowing
the cooling air to fall naturally onto the pigs. In summer the air is directed
towards the stock, combining with the warm air around the pigs and
exhausting though the fan mounted in the roof mounted Agri-Jet Unit.
Foul and dirty air is discharged vertically into the air, preventing fouling of
the room and contamination of any water courses. Additional Turbulator
fans can be introduced to circulate and blow air onto the pigs in hot
summer conditions.
7

H
eating
Heoss Pig Heater
Heating
Heat is required for two principal reasons, first of all to maximise
With three model sizes, Hydor’s “Heoss” Pig Heater is a propane gas,
the pigs feed conversion, but also in reducing the mortality
hot air generator manufactured completely in stainless steel.
rate amongst piglets.
The unit consists of a fixed section that is placed in the wall of the room
(usually the wall of the corridor) and a mobile section, the actual
Where the pigs are kept below their lower critical temperature
generator, mounted on the same wall coupling, with it’s upper part
they will convert more of their food into energy as opposed
in the conduit at 90°.
to body weight. Inevitably the heating systems on the market
The fixed section of the heater consists of a key; a regulator to 37 mbar;
are as varied as the building designs for Pig Housings.
a gas filter and a conduit at 90° that transverses the wall with an air
baffle. The additional benefit is that the unit completely seals the air
With effective Heating and Control products from Hydor, the
exit thereby preventing dust ingress.
precise temperature conditions can be carefully
The mobile section weighs only 15kg and is fitted with a quick
maintained for the pigs.
connection to connect the gas supply to the regulator.
8

Heating
Heoss Pig Heater
Figure 5.0
Figure 6.0 Figure 7.0
Hydor ‘HEOSS’ Pig Heaters are designed to be located within a pig building
by blowing heated air into those rooms within the farm where it is needed
for the pigs, in particular, the Farrowing and Weaning Houses.
Each of the drawings opposite illustrates typical mounting arrangements
for the ‘HEOSS’ unit, also highlighting the flexibility in installation.
Figure 5.0 mounted under the floor, heating the room from below.
Figure 6.0 mounted above the ceiling, heating the room from above.
Figure 7.0 mounted into the room, heating the room directly.
Features & Benefits
• Versatility.
• Suitable for all types of farms, particularly Pig Farms.
• “HEOSS” works well with low-pressure propane gas supply.
• Where required Hydor can provide a 9kw electric model with
identical dimensions.
• Horizontal or vertical mounting arrangement.
• The heat output is infinitely variable from 1.4 KW to 10 KW via
a 0-10 volt control signal. Automatic OFF switching is optional.
•
The Unit automatically resets after a power failure, with illuminated
lights indicating the operational status of the “HEOSS” unit. The ignition
circuits are isolated from the main electrical circuit for safety and EMC
Interference legislation.
Installation
• Very simple and economical.
• HEOSS is for outside, inside or corridor installations. The unit can be
installed on the exterior of the Piggery, the interior, for example,
Weaner accommodation, or, the most common location, the corridor
or central passageway.
•
Horizontal and vertical position allowing the installation where it is most
convenient or where space is at a premium.
Heating Quality
• Homogeneity – By progressive heating, this allows “HEOSS” to maintain
the desired temperature for the accommodation with oscillations of less
than 0.5°C.
• The air introduced is a dry air, which improves the environmental quality
by vastly diminishing the humidity of the air and the beds.
9

Heating
Heoss Pig Heater
Portability and Economy
• With a fixed section of the Pig Heater for each room, as well as a transportable section, the unit can
be disconnected and moved from one room to another, leaving the gas supply and the inlet section
in place, thereby utilising the heater section to its maximum potential in other parts of the pig
building. If the pig farmer does not need to heat all of the rooms at the same time, he can
determine the number of heaters to order. Normally 50% of the rooms require heating, which
means only investing in additional fixed utility lines and inlet sections.
Resistance
• Unit is constructed from stainless steel for longevity of use, as well
as being hygienic and easy to clean, particularly the burner and
ventilation parts.
• The electrical and electronic components are protected against
humidity and the corrosive atmosphere, which is particularly
prevalent in a Pig Farm.
Security
• By producing the flame outside the room, this can increase safety on
the farm thereby diminishing the risks associated with the use of gas.
• Potential reduction in the insurance costs on the farm.
• The unit works with low-pressure gas.
In essence, Hydor “HEOSS” Pig Heaters are-
• Easy to install.
• Easy to clean.
• Easy to transport from one room to another.
• Work with bottled gas.
Quite simply it is one of the highest quality and lowest cost pig
heaters on the agricultural market today.
10

entilation
Ventilation
G Good ventilation design is a vital and integral part
of the design process of any livestock building.
At Hydor, we strive to provide a ventilation system for pig farms that accomplishes
the following:
• Provide the desired amount of fresh air, without draughts, to all parts of
the building.
• Maintain temperatures within desired limits.
• Maintain relative humidity within desired limits.
• Ensure ammonia levels are below specified levels to assure worker safety.
Hydor’s objective in ventilation system design of buildings is to maintain a healthy
environment for animals and workers in the facility.
After more than 40 years of creating the right environmental conditions for livestock
producers, Hydor can boast a thing or two on ventilation systems and design.
Take a look at some of the specific products within our comprehensive range for pig
farming applications such as the brand leading High Efficiency “HE” Propeller fan,
Roof Mounted Agri-Jets, or Turbulators, as well as Air Inlets and VARC Controllers.
11

E Fans
HE Fans
A modern high quality range of agricultural propeller fans
designed to pass large volumes of air with minimum use
of energy.
The Hydor HE fan range has been designed specifically for use in agricultural applications
such as pig farms where corrosive environments are particularly evident.
With a heavy duty construction, the HE fans principal benefit is the propeller shaped
stainless steel blades which scoop air and move it away from the fan blade - Blade
tip clearance design enhances HE fan performance alongside large volume
air movement.
12

E Fans
HE Fans
Suggested number of Pigs per installed Hydor HE Type of
Livestock
Pigs
weight
kg
Static Pressure @ 50Pa
Features & Benefits
Fan Diameter (mm) 315 350 400 450 500 630
Supply (phase)
Air Volume m 3 /h
m 3 /h/kg
Single Single Single Single Three Single Three Single Three
1450 2520 3680 5120 5120 8140 8140 10600 10600
Suggested Number of Livestock per Fan Type
Early Weaners 23.00 1.88 34 58 85 118 118 118 188 245 245
Pork Pigs 68.00 1.88 11 20 29 40 40 63 63 83 83
Heavy Hogs 91.00 1.88 8 15 22 30 30 48 48 62 62
Table 1.0 illustrates the suggested number of pigs that can be adequately ventilated with Hydor ‘HE’ Propeller fans, thereby being within the Lower and
Upper critical temperatures of the pig.
• Quality robust construction
incorporating stainless steel
impeller.
• Available in 9 sizes
“315/355/400/450/500/
560/630/710/760”.
• Very efficient power
consumption.
• Reliable with high volume
air movement.
• Waterproof Junction Box and
3 metre cable.
• Motors are particularly
cool-running, constructed
with a finned aluminium
casing to give excellent
heat dissipation.
• Three year (Conditional)
extended warranty on all
our motors.
• Optional EC conforming
motor/propeller side guards
• Motors are weatherproofed
to IP55.
• Suitable for Form ‘A’ or Form
‘B’ operation.
• Ex-stock single phase and
three phase fans.
• Diaphragm mounted units
without rings for special
applications.
• Low noise level.
• Long service life.
• Quick and easy assembly.
Accessories
• Motor or Propeller side wire
guards to BS848 Part 5 finished
in red powder coat to RAL7031.
• Air Operated louvre shutters
available in Aluminium /
Alu-Zinc and plastic.
• A full range of both automatic
and manual infinitely variable
or stepped transformer
type controls.
13

oof
Agri-jet
Mounted
Roof Mounted Ventilation Units
F Farmers have used the brand leading range of Agri-Jet units for many pig housing applications.
The Roof Mounted Unit is a high velocity jet extraction unit for on or off-ridge installations.
The design of the inlet ensures that it operates at high efficiency by maximising air flow and
operating at low back pressure - minimising operating costs.
Stale air is expelled through the cowl to a height of approximately 60 feet, ensuring that any
dust, moisture, ammonia and smells are dissipated as they leave the pigs accommodation.
Features & Accessories
• There are five standard sizes “450mm, 500mm, 630mm, 710mm
and 760mm.”
• Roof mounted units are supplied complete with a Hydor HE High
efficiency Propeller fan, easily accessible for cleaning and maintenance.
• Supplied as ready-assembled units for On-ridge or Off-ridge installation.
• Low Silhouette design provides tidy and unobtrusive appearance.
• High Velocity exhaust jet of approximately 60 feet ensures no roof
dust deposit.
• Minimal back pressure ensures maximum fan efficiency.
• Roof mounted units can be opened using a cable system as a fail
safe contingency.
• Units can be supplied for flush mounting to
the ceiling line, or with circular tube trunk
extensions according to customer preference.
• GRP bell mouth inlets are available for fitting
to the bottom off the extension tubes for
maximum efficiency in aerodynamic design.
• Hinged fan assembly to facilitate
shaft cleaning.
• Plastic thermal barrier trunk reduces noise
levels and in-house condensation.
• Light Baffle boards to diffuse the light.
14

nlets
High Flow Air Inlet
Maximum Resistance Inlets
I In a mechanical ventilation system, the size and operation of the piggery will determine the rate of air changes required.
The uniformity of air distribution, on the other hand, depends primarily on location, design and adjustment of the air
intakes in exhaust systems or the air outlets in pressure systems.
It is especially important to maintain enough inlet velocity during the
colder weather so that the incoming air is mixed or blended sufficiently
with the warm room air before it reaches the pigs. The opening, or
cross sectional area, of the air inlet should be based upon the capacity
of the fans. If the inlet area is too great, cold air will enter at low
velocity, causing it to settle to the floor and induce drafts, which
pigs are sensitive too.
Hydor high flow inlets, constructed of hygienic, easy to clean,
polyurethane foam with aerofoil blade section are designed to direct
the incoming air to the most advantageous place for the pigs welfare.
By directing cooling air down onto the dunging areas, this encourages
the pigs to use this specific area whilst allowing the air to temper as it
passes over stock.
Inlets can be controlled individually or in sections. Accurate control of
these is essential.
Features & Benefits
• A very high degree of insulation
• A strong structure with a low
weight.
• Quick and easy mounting
• Easy to handle (adjusting,
gluing etc).
• Easy to clean.
• Environmentally desirable.
• Highly resistant to chemicals,
aggressive gases and dry rot.
• Inlets constructed from durable
polyeurethane foam.
• Simple to install either in a new system,
or as a retro-fit to upgrade an existing
system design.
• Inlets can be supplied for either wall or
ceiling mouthed applications.
15

Turbulator
High Quality Recirculation Fans
H Hydor Turbulator fans are specifically designed to have a long
throw and move air efficiently to give a measure of control
over temperature and humidity in pig housing, aswell as a
variety of other applications for farming.
Features
• Rust proof wire guards for
employee safety.
•
Waterproof Junction Box and
3 metre cable.
16

or
• Rust proof air straightener for long
axial air flow.
• Suitable Standard 230v Single
Phase Supply.
• Stainless steel duct supplied with
suspension eyes and chain for
ease of mounting.
• Large Range of Thermostats and
speed controllers available
• 12 Months Product Warranty
Turbulator
The Hydor range of Turbulators, constructed with stainless steel casings,
with high efficiency, lightweight motors and non corrosive plastic
propellers offer various sizes from 355mm to 630mm diameter. The units
are suitable for all year round ventilation and for movement of air within
pig units giving evenness of temperature throughout the unit and
removing condensation
in the fattening and heavy hog houses, by circulating the air, thereby
improving the pig's environment at low cost and power consumption.
There are a number of distinct benefits for piggery applications with this
particular product, namely –
1. Control of insects – Many insects and flies are discouraged by a
constant airflow throughout the pig building which is created by
Turbulator fans.
in their housing. Turbulators gently circulate fresh air evenly throughout
the entire building, which culminates in a healthier environment for
the pigs.
3. A reduction in heat stress, whereby growth loss is reduced from heat stress.
4. A constant airflow will ensure the pig building is kept dry by increasing
evaporation of moisture in the air.
5. A reduction in the heat stress of pigs when using Turbulators to circulate
the air can enhance their reproductive efficiency.
6. Air circulation moves ammonia fumes away from the pigs, thereby
circulating gases to a higher level within the building, which in
turn means that exhaust fans will remove them from the building
more efficiently.
2. Overcomes dunging problems – Where the ventilation rates become
too low, pigs will tend to congregate wherever the oxygen level is best
Accessories
• A full range of both automatic and
manual infinitely variable controllers.
• Available in stainless steel
(non-stocked / made to order).
• A full range of electronic /
manual thermostats.
Extra chain/cable available -
please notify at time of ordering.
17

Controllers
Controlling your environment
A A first class control system is essential for the effective operation of heating
and ventilation equipment in order to achieve precise temperatures within a
building or part of that building. By achieving accurate temperature controls,
this minimises the potential wasteful use of energy, culminating in improved
food conversion of pigs and their growth rates. In addition a more stable
temperature will have an overall influence on performance.
18

s
The Hydor VARC range of Automatic controllers are designed to operate
small numbers of fans, offering infinitely variable speed control, with or
without low temperature shut off and / or heater interlock to maintain
the correct environment at minimal cost.
The Hydor VARC Infinitely Variable Fan Speed Control is a simple to use,
easy to install unit which is suitable for controlling up to six fans from a
correctly rated and protected single phase 200-240 Volt 50Hz AC supply.
Designed to maintain a set temperature in the required area, they are
ideal for farrowing, weaning and smaller sow houses.
The VARC units feature a ‘Temperature Setting’ dial and a ‘Minimum
Speed’ dial, an individual suitably rated miniature circuit breaker for each
fan to act as an On/Off Switch whilst protecting the fan motor, and
indicator lights; easily replaced control card and drive units. The unit is
supplied with a suitable temperature sensing device.
A normal continuous version where fans run continuously, varying in speed,
between the set minimum and full speed to maintain the required
temperature, whilst maintaining a minimum throughput of fresh air.
The P off-switching version where fans switch off when the temperature
inside the pig unit dips below the minimum speed temperature setting,
allowing the internal temperature to recover as soon as possible, or
reducing the heating requirement. This particular version is more suitable
for Farrowing Units where low air requirements are needed.
The VARC unit is housed in a metal powder coated enclosure finished in
standard grey /brown and can be installed either inside the piggery or
outside in one of the passageways.
Dimensions are either 300mm by 250mm by 150mm or 400mm by
300mm by 150mm depending on the number of fans.
The Control is available in various forms to suit the particular application
within the building.
Features & Benefits
• Set Temperature Control which allows the required temperature of the
unit to be selected between 5ºc and 45ºc.
• Minimum Speed Control which allows the operator to select a
minimum speed between 10% and 100%. This is the minimum speed
the fans will operate at irrespective of the temperature in the piggery.
On “off switching” versions where the fans will switch off and re-start
at this speed setting. The fans are normally factory set at Hydor to
operate over a 5ºc temperature differential between 10% and 100%.
• Miniature Circuit Breaker which is suitably current rated for the size of
fan being controlled, which acts as a on and off fan selection switch
whilst protecting the fan motor from an overload condition.
• An internal control card features preset controls for calibrating the fan
speeds, the temperature and setting the differential. The differential can
be varied between 1ºc and 10ºc.
19

www.hydor.co.uk
Hydor Ltd . Unit 8 . Parkers Close . Downton Business Centre
Downton . Salisbury . Wiltshire . SP5 3RB
Tel: +44 (0) 1725 511422 . Fax: +44 (0) 1725 512637
e-mail: info@hydor.co.uk . www.hydor.co.uk
PHV/02-05-06/01
FANS CONTROLS SYSTEMS