A N T I M O N Y : ITS HISTORY, CHEMISTRY, MINERALOGY ...

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30 THE METALLURGY OF ANTIMONY. ochre, cervantite, and stiblith. It is obtained by heating the metal or the trioxide or the trisulphide for a long time in air. The same result is obtained when nitrate of antimony is heated to red heat. Pure antimony tetroxide is a white powder, which changes to yellow on being heated, and changes back to the original colour when it becomes cold again. Its specific density = 6'69 at moderate temperatures. It cannot be melted and is not volatile. It is not soluble in acids, with the exception of concentrated hydrochloric acid. It can be reduced by carbon, potassium cyanide, potassium, and sodium. At the temperature of the melting of silver, the dissociation pressure of the oxygen is so great that the trioxide is formed. When the tetroxide is heated with antimony the trioxide is formed. The tetroxide is reduced by sulphur, with the formation of SO2. Under certain circumstances the tetroxide behaves as if it were a mixture of the trioxide and the pentoxide. Some of the important chemical reactions are :— Sb2O4 + 5S = Sb2S3 + 2SO2. Sb2O4 + 2Sb = 4Sb2O3 (fusion). 9Sb.2O4 + Sb2Ss=10Sb2O3 + 3SO2. Sb2O4.H2O, the hydrate, was first prepared by Berzelius. Antimony Tetrasulphide, Sb2S4.—This was obtained by Berzelius by passing hydrogen sulphide gas into a solution of the tetroxide. Rose was able to obtain it from the decomposition of an aqueous solution of the fusion-product of the trisulphide and bisulphato of potassium by tartaric acid. It is a reddish-yellow powder. Antimony Tetrahaloids.—The tetrachloride and the tetrabromide are not known in the free state, but only in solution. C The Compounds of Antimony of 5 Valences. Antimony Pentafluoride, SbF5.—Berzelius first indicated its existence in the action between hydrofluoric acid and antimonic acid. It was obtained by Marignac, Moissan, 0. Ruff, and W. Plats. According to Ruff and Plats, the pure pentafluoride can be obtained by allowing the pentachloride to be acted upon by hydrofluoric acid for three days at 25°-30\ It is a heavy liquid, having a consistency like that of oil, and solidifying into a substance resembling paraffin. Specific density at
THE <strong>CHEMISTRY</strong> OF AOTIMONY. 227° = 2-993 ; mol. vol. = 72; boiling-point- 149°-loO°. It is soluble in water, and in moist air it gives rise to SbF52HUO. Some of the complex salts of meta-fluo-antimonic acid [H(SbF6)] are:— Composition. ! Crystal Form. KSbF6 KShPg.KF.2HoO NaSbF6 " KH4SbFfi NH4SbFe.NH4F.iH2O CsSb5F5.0H Thin rhombic plates. * Monoclinic. Small needles. Rhombic prisms. Solubility. Easily soluble. Remarks. 31 Unchanged in air. Melts at 90°. Antimony Pentachloride, SbCl5.—If powdered metallic antimony is added to a chlorate, it burns, forming SbCl5. It is colourless, and boils at 140° under the ordinary atmospheric pressure. Its specific density at 20° = 2-346. We may mention the following derived compounds:— SbCl5.SCl4. 2SbCl5 SCI* SbCVONCL SbCl5.SeOCl2. 2SbClB.5NOGL SbCl5.PCl5. SbCl5.POCl3. With organic acids it forms the following compounds:— 2SbCl5.3C6H6NO2. SbCl5. C5HSO.. SbCl5.(C2H5)2O. 6 A few of the chlor-antimonates are :— KSb016.Ho0. NH4SC16.H2O. Ca(SbCl6)o.9H20. MgSbCl7.9H2O. FeSbCl6.8H2O. Ag(SbCa6).2NH8. Zn(SbCl6)2.4NH3. Antimony Pentabromide, SbBr6.—This cannot be produced in a pure form. The following are some of its compounds :— NH4SbBr.H2O. 2CsSbBr6.CsBr6.2H20. LiSbBr6.4H2O. Antimony Penta-iodide, Sb2I5.—This is obtained by heating antimony at 130° with an excess of iodine, It is dark brown, and melts at 78°-79°. Antimony Pentoxide, Sb2O5.—When metallic antimony is treated with nitric acid, the pentoxide is formed. In a dry way it can be obtained thus :—
Page 1 and 2: A N T I M O N Y : ITS HISTORY, CHEM
Page 3 and 4: PREFACE. A METALLURGICAL work in En
Page 5 and 6: TABLE OF CONTENTS. CHAPTER I. THE H
Page 7 and 8: THE METALLURGY OF ANTIMONY. CHAPTER
Page 9 and 10: THE HISTORY OF ANTIMONY. 3 Basil Va
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Page 13 and 14: THE CHEMISTRY OF ANTIMONY. 7 antimo
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Page 21 and 22: THE CHEMISTKY OF ANTIMONY. compound
Page 23 and 24: Chemical Formulae. K3SbCl6 Na3SbCl6
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Page 29 and 30: THE CHEMISTRY OF ANTIMONY. 23 (2b)
Page 31 and 32: THE CHEMISTRY OF ANTIMONY. 25 Boili
Page 33 and 34: Chemical Composition. (STH4)2Sb4S7
Page 35: THE CHEMISTRY OF ANTIMONY* 29 by di
Page 39 and 40: THE CHEMISTRY OF ANTIMONY. 33 Some
Page 41 and 42: CHAPTER TIT. THE MINERALOGY OF ANTI
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Page 51 and 52: THE MINERALOGY OF ANTIMONY. 45 3. D
Page 53 and 54: THE GEOLOGICAL OCCURRENCE OF ANTIMO
Page 55 and 56: THE GEOLOGICAL OCCURRENCE OK ANTIMO
Page 57 and 58: TI1K ISKOIJOGIOAL OOCURUKNOK OV ANT
Page 59 and 60: THE GEOLOGICAL OCCUERENCE OF ANTIMO
Page 61 and 62: THE GEOLOGICAL OCCUBRENCE OF ANTIMO
Page 65 and 66: TIIK GEOLOGICAL OCCUKUENCK OF ANTIM
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Page 73 and 74: GENERAL SCHEME OF THE METALLURGY OF
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FIG. 28. ¥m. 29. a, Roasting furna
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THE METALLURGY OF ANTIMONY. '13 The
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THE METALLURGY OK ANTIMONY. The inf
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Cross Section C.D.E.F Cross Section
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G. Y, Wang's Antiinony. [To face pa
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CHAPTER VIT. THE ANALYSIS OP ANTIMO
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CHAPTER VIII. THE PBODUCTION AND VA
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INDEX. AAEON, C. H., 191. Abegg, 34
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0 INDEX. bierre, 66, 67. 86, 154 ck
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212 INDEX. Gross-Gbllnitz, 70. Grii
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214 INDEX. Mines, antimony, 205, 20
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216 INDEX. Spain, antimony ores of,
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