A N T I M O N Y : ITS HISTORY, CHEMISTRY, MINERALOGY ...

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16 THE METALLURGY OF ANTIMONY. A solution of this kind of salt has an acid reaction, thus showing that the salt in solution is at least partially dissociated into an alkali fluoride and an antimony fluoride. Antimony Trichloride.—This compound has been known since the time of Basil Valentine, who knew a method of producing it by distilling chloride of mercury with antimony trisulphide, and named it "butyrum antimonii." When antimony sulphide, taken in excess, is heated in a current of chlorine, the resulting product is a mixture of two chlorides, chloride of sulphur and chloride of antimony, which can be separated by fractional distillation. The best way to produce chloride of antimony is thus:—1 part of crude antimony is added to 4 to 5 parts of concentrated hydrochloric acid in a retort, in which, from time to time, a small quantity of potassium chlorate is placed in order to oxidise any accompanying sulphides that might be present in the crude material used. The distilling of the solution is commenced as soon as the sulphide is completely dissolved. If the material contains much lead, the latter will be separated out as lead chloride with a violent pressure on the wall of the vessel. When this happens, it is best to allow the solution to cool down and to pour off the liquid from the deposited residue. The concentration of the liquid is continued until a drop from it becomes solid. On redistilling it the chlorides of foreign metals remain behind, while the chloride of antimony, together with a little iron chloride, is distilled over. In order to obtain an iron-free chloride, it is then put into water, when the iron chloride is dissolved and the antimony chloride is changed into an insoluble oxychloride. This is washed, redissolved in concentrated hydrochloric acid, boiled, and then distilled as before. The distillate will give rise to transparent, white crystals of the rhombic system. At 26° the solid chloride has a specific gravity of 3*064 (Landolt, B'&nutein, Meyerhoffer). The melting-point is 73*2°, and the specific density of this colourless liquid is 2*676. The molecular volume is 100*7 (Kopp). The boiling-point is 223° under atmospheric pressure, 113'5' undor a pressure of 23 mm. (Anschiitz and Evans), and 103° under 14 mm. The specific density of the vapour is 7*96, or a little more than 7*85, the theoretical value. The chloride is soluble in bisulphide of carbon and ether. The heat of combination is 91*4 cal. The following is a list of the complex salts of antimony chloride in combination with other elements:—
Chemical Formulae. K3SbCl6 Na3SbCl6 (NH4):iSbClQ SbCla.2KCl SbOlg.2NH4Cl.HoO 2SbCl3.8CsCr SbCl,.RbCl 2SbCl3.RbCl.H2O 10SbCl3.23RbOl 7SbCl3.16RbCl SbCl3.BaCl2.2iHo0 2SbCl8.HC1.2H26 THE <strong>CHEMISTRY</strong> OF ANTIMONY. COMPLEX SALTS (COLOTTHLESS). Crystalline Forms. Crystalline leaves. Right-angled prisms Triclinic columns. Cubes. Star-like needles. Crystalline leaves. Observers. Fehling's Diet. ... Saunders. Saunders & Wheeler. Wheeler. Saunders. 3 j Engel. Besides these products of addition, there occur a great number of products of displacement. With concentrated sulphuric acid the chloride is changed to the sulphate, with the production of hydrochloric acid. The solubility of the trichloride is as follows (after Bemmellen^ Meerburg, and Noodt):— Temperature Mol. SbCl3 in) 100 niol. HoO J 0° 15° 20° 25° 30° 35° 40° log.g 17 50° 60° 72° An excess of water will give rise to a strong hydrolysis and the separating out of basic antimony chloride, the composition of which depends upon the temperature and the quantity of water. If heated with antimony sulphide, the chloride is changed to the sulphochloride, which is used as a medicine and as a corrosive or macerating agent for wool. When antimony chlorine is dissolved in formamide, a peculiar phenomenon is observed. The chlorine atoms of the chlorine gradually change places with the NH.COH as dilution increases, with the formation of a series of ever-changing compounds, thus:— Sb N^.COH, Sb (mC0H)2> Sb(NH.COH)3. This kind of reaction is called amidolysis (Bruni and Mannelli). Antimony Tribromide.—When powdered antimony is put into a solution of bromine, the intensity of the heat evolved is so great that the bromine is vaporised and the metal is melted. In order to 2
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Page 3 and 4: PREFACE. A METALLURGICAL work in En
Page 5 and 6: TABLE OF CONTENTS. CHAPTER I. THE H
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Page 9 and 10: THE HISTORY OF ANTIMONY. 3 Basil Va
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Page 29 and 30: THE CHEMISTRY OF ANTIMONY. 23 (2b)
Page 31 and 32: THE CHEMISTRY OF ANTIMONY. 25 Boili
Page 33 and 34: Chemical Composition. (STH4)2Sb4S7
Page 35 and 36: THE CHEMISTRY OF ANTIMONY* 29 by di
Page 37 and 38: THE CHEMISTRY OF AOTIMONY. 227° =
Page 39 and 40: THE CHEMISTRY OF ANTIMONY. 33 Some
Page 41 and 42: CHAPTER TIT. THE MINERALOGY OF ANTI
Page 43 and 44: THE MINERALOGY OF ANTIMONY. 37 Occu
Page 45 and 46: THE MINERALOGY OF ANTIMONY. 39 Occu
Page 47 and 48: THE MINERALOGY OF ANTIMONY. 41 Miar
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Page 51 and 52: THE MINERALOGY OF ANTIMONY. 45 3. D
Page 53 and 54: THE GEOLOGICAL OCCURRENCE OF ANTIMO
Page 55 and 56: THE GEOLOGICAL OCCURRENCE OK ANTIMO
Page 57 and 58: TI1K ISKOIJOGIOAL OOCURUKNOK OV ANT
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Page 61 and 62: THE GEOLOGICAL OCCUBRENCE OF ANTIMO
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GENERAL SCHEME OF THE METALLURGY OF
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CHAPTER V.* THE METALLUBGY OF ANTIM
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THE METALLURGY OF ANTIMONY. 71 rows
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THE METALLUKi'iY OF ANTIMONY. A goo
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FIG. 28. ¥m. 29. a, Roasting furna
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THE METALLURGY OF ANTIMONY. '13 The
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THE METALLURGY OF ANTIMONY. of the
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Cross Section C.D.E.F Cross Section
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G. Y, Wang's Antiinony. [To face pa
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CHAPTER VIT. THE ANALYSIS OP ANTIMO
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CHAPTER VIII. THE PBODUCTION AND VA
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INDEX. AAEON, C. H., 191. Abegg, 34
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0 INDEX. bierre, 66, 67. 86, 154 ck
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212 INDEX. Gross-Gbllnitz, 70. Grii
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214 INDEX. Mines, antimony, 205, 20
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216 INDEX. Spain, antimony ores of,
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A N T I M O N Y : ITS HISTORY, CHEMISTRY, MINERALOGY ...

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