Song Character Analysis Worksheet - The University of North ...
Song Character Analysis Worksheet - The University of North ...
Song Character Analysis Worksheet - The University of North ...
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magazines, including Ladies Home Journal (debut in 1889), advocated this new style <strong>of</strong><br />
motherhood by advising women “to be active, educated, and not to smother their chil-<br />
dren.” 26 Young women were also becoming better educated outside <strong>of</strong> the home. In<br />
1886 there were 365 institutions <strong>of</strong> higher education for women (266 women’s colleges<br />
and 297 mechanical and scientific institutes that accepted females), with an enrollment <strong>of</strong><br />
35,976. 27<br />
<strong>The</strong> era between 1890 and 1920 has been labeled the “Progressive Era” in history<br />
texts and the age <strong>of</strong> “social housekeeping” in feminist criticism. Social and legal reforms<br />
enacted by the pr<strong>of</strong>essional politicians were actually instigated by the work <strong>of</strong> women’s<br />
societies. Educated women used their classmate and church connections to build organi-<br />
zational networks that rivaled their husbands’ corporate business world, according to<br />
historian Mary Ryan. 28 <strong>The</strong>se included benevolent societies, foreign missions boards,<br />
temperance societies, prison reform, women’s rights, and the evangelical revivals that<br />
swept across the nation. Some specific organizations that began during this period and<br />
influenced American culture throughout the twentieth century are the General Federation<br />
<strong>of</strong> Women’s Clubs (1890), the National Council <strong>of</strong> Jewish Women (1893), the National<br />
Association <strong>of</strong> Colored Women (1895), and the Young Women’s Christian Association<br />
(1920). Along with social reform, women’s volunteer service and philanthropy to<br />
libraries, hospitals, schools, parks, playgrounds, concert halls, and museums helped build<br />
26 Kleinberg, 171.<br />
27 Shapiro, 13. <strong>The</strong>se figures are in comparison to 802 institutions for men with an enrollment <strong>of</strong><br />
78,185. For further discussion, see Page Smith, Daughters <strong>of</strong> the Promised Land: Women in American<br />
History (Boston: Little, Brown, 1970).<br />
28 Lasch, 96.<br />
44