Segmentation of heterogeneous document images : an ... - Tel

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tel-00912566, version 1 - 2 Dec 2013 Figure 4.13: This figure displays two types of error that frequently occur in the results of text region detection. They happen when there are gaps between words. If the gap is located in the middle of the text region, it appears as holes A and if it exists near the border of the text region, it causes penetrations B. Both problems can be fixed in the post-processing stage. Figure 4.14: This figure displays a serious problem when the title of the page divides into two isolated text regions. Currently there is no fix for his problem and the use of morphological opening is not recommended to solve it. 82
tel-00912566, version 1 - 2 Dec 2013 Figure 4.15: This figure illustrates a problem when sides notes are very close to main text and the main text is slightly slanted. In such situation, Gabor filters are not able to capture the small gap between side notes which cause both text region to be merged. 83
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tel-00912566, version 1 - 2 Dec 201
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Resumé La segmentation de page est
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Acknowledgements This work would no
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4.3.2 Text components . . . . . . .
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3.6 Two documents that have obtaine
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6.1 PARAGRAPH DETECTION SUCCESS RAT
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tel-00912566, version 1 - 2 Dec 201
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detection and we conclude that the
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tel-00912566, version 1 - 2 Dec 201
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Figure 1.8: A screen shot that show
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Chapter 2 Related work tel-00912566
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tel-00912566, version 1 - 2 Dec 201
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them. In such circumstances, it wou
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tel-00912566, version 1 - 2 Dec 201
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[21] is another texture-based metho
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Figure 2.4: Part of a document in o
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• Degraded quality due to ageing
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2.3.2 Handwritten text line detecti
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(a) Divided strips and their projec
Page 41 and 42: (a) Five zones 1-5 (b) Projection p
Page 43 and 44: would be difficult to draw a conclu
Page 45 and 46: The proposed methods by Xiao [102],
Page 47 and 48: tel-00912566, version 1 - 2 Dec 201
Page 49 and 50: is assigning a label to a region of
Page 51 and 52: fixed range. When the elongation ap
Page 55 and 56: The second method calculates the co
Page 57 and 58: 3. Repeat for m = 1, 2, ..., M •
Page 61 and 62: Chapter 4 Region detection tel-0091
Page 63 and 64: The next advantage of using CRFs is
Page 65 and 66: weights that are assigned to edge a
Page 67 and 68: { 1 if ys = text and y f 1 (y s , y
Page 69 and 70: (a) Document (b) Filled text compon
Page 75 and 76: f = [y c = 0] × [y tl = 0] f = [y
Page 77 and 78: (a) Ground-truth (b) y c = 0 tel-00
Page 79 and 80: ∂l λ = ∑ ( ∑y∈Y f k (y s ,
Page 81 and 82: incorrect [100]. Several sufficient
Page 91: Table 4.3: TION COUNT WEIGHTED SUCC
Page 97 and 98: Chapter 5 Text line detection tel-0
Page 103 and 104: Having specified the model, a verti
Page 105 and 106: • The fifth step is to remove ext
Page 109 and 110: text lines can be divided into two
Page 111 and 112: the two children. The root node rep
Page 113 and 114: leaves of the tree which contain on
Page 121 and 122: currently working on some of these
Page 123 and 124: • fn (false negative) is the numb
Page 125 and 126: 2 ∗ RA ∗ DR F − Measure = RA
Page 127 and 128: • ”-tn”: This option uses the
Page 129 and 130: [12] T. M. Breuel. Two geometric al
Page 131 and 132: [39] B. Gatos, A. Antonacopoulos, a
Page 133 and 134: [64] K. P. Murphy, Y. Weiss, and M.
Page 135 and 136: [91] M. Stamp. A revealing introduc
Page 137 and 138: Index tel-00912566, version 1 - 2 D
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Segmentation of heterogeneous document images : an ... - Tel

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