Segmentation of heterogeneous document images : an ... - Tel

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tel-00912566, version 1 - 2 Dec 2013 Figure 6.1: A fictional text region including its text lines . Figure 6.2: Binary partition tree generated from couple of text lines. 102
leaves of the tree which contain only one text line. For each pair of lines p and q, let a = (x L 1 , y L 1 ) and b = (x R 1 , y R 1 ) be the coordinates of the axis points of the line at the top and let e = (x L 2 , y L 2 ) and f = (x R 2 , y R 2 ) be the coordinates of the axis points of the second line. Then LL = d(a, e) is the Euclidean distance between the two points on the left and RR = d(b, f) is the Euclidean distance between the two points on the right. The criterion for selecting a link at each node of the BPT is: W bpt (p, q) = (1 + min{LL, RR})(1 + W mst (p, q)). Starting from the root node, at each level the algorithm selects the link with maximum W bpt and removes that link. The two resulting set of lines are passed to the child nodes of the node in process. tel-00912566, version 1 - 2 Dec 2013 6.3 Paragraph features Now that the BPT is generated and each node of the BPT contains a potential paragraph, a set of features should be extracted from each paragraph. Features are as follows: • Left indentation of the first line. All computations of the indentation are done in regard to the bounding box of the paragraph in question. • Right indentation of the first line. • Indentation ratio of the first line which is the minimum value between left and right indentations divided by the maximum value between them. • Difference between left and right indentations of the first line. • Left indentation of the last line. • Right indentation of the last line. • Indentation ratio of the last line. • Difference between left and right indentations of the last line. • Average value of left indentations of the text lines in the paragraph excluding the first and the last line. • Average value of right indentations of the text lines in the paragraph excluding the first and the last line. • Average indentation radio which is computed based on the average left and right indentations of the text lines in the middle of the paragraph. • Maximum left indentation of the text lines in the middle of the paragraph. • Minimum left indentation of the text lines in the middle of the paragraph. 103
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Resumé La segmentation de page est
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Acknowledgements This work would no
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4.3.2 Text components . . . . . . .
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3.6 Two documents that have obtaine
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6.1 PARAGRAPH DETECTION SUCCESS RAT
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detection and we conclude that the
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Figure 1.8: A screen shot that show
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Chapter 2 Related work tel-00912566
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them. In such circumstances, it wou
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[21] is another texture-based metho
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Figure 2.4: Part of a document in o
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• Degraded quality due to ageing
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2.3.2 Handwritten text line detecti
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(a) Divided strips and their projec
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(a) Five zones 1-5 (b) Projection p
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would be difficult to draw a conclu
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The proposed methods by Xiao [102],
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is assigning a label to a region of
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fixed range. When the elongation ap
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The second method calculates the co
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3. Repeat for m = 1, 2, ..., M •
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Page 63 and 64: The next advantage of using CRFs is
Page 65 and 66: weights that are assigned to edge a
Page 67 and 68: { 1 if ys = text and y f 1 (y s , y
Page 69 and 70: (a) Document (b) Filled text compon
Page 71 and 72: tel-00912566, version 1 - 2 Dec 201
Page 75 and 76: f = [y c = 0] × [y tl = 0] f = [y
Page 77 and 78: (a) Ground-truth (b) y c = 0 tel-00
Page 79 and 80: ∂l λ = ∑ ( ∑y∈Y f k (y s ,
Page 81 and 82: incorrect [100]. Several sufficient
Page 91 and 92: Table 4.3: TION COUNT WEIGHTED SUCC
Page 97 and 98: Chapter 5 Text line detection tel-0
Page 103 and 104: Having specified the model, a verti
Page 105 and 106: • The fifth step is to remove ext
Page 109 and 110: text lines can be divided into two
Page 111: the two children. The root node rep
Page 121 and 122: currently working on some of these
Page 123 and 124: • fn (false negative) is the numb
Page 125 and 126: 2 ∗ RA ∗ DR F − Measure = RA
Page 127 and 128: • ”-tn”: This option uses the
Page 129 and 130: [12] T. M. Breuel. Two geometric al
Page 131 and 132: [39] B. Gatos, A. Antonacopoulos, a
Page 133 and 134: [64] K. P. Murphy, Y. Weiss, and M.
Page 135 and 136: [91] M. Stamp. A revealing introduc
Page 137 and 138: Index tel-00912566, version 1 - 2 D
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Segmentation of heterogeneous document images : an ... - Tel

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