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This document was requested by the European Parliament's Committee on Budgetary Control. It designated Mr Jens Geier to follow the research study. AUTHOR(S) Mr Gerhard Schmidt Ms Veronika Ustohalova Ms Anne Minhans Öko-Institute e.V., Rheinestrasse 95 D-64293 DARMSTADT http://www.oeko.de RESPONSIBLE ADMINISTRATOR Mr Alexandre MATHIS Policy Department on Budgetary Affairs European Parliament B-1047 Brussels E-mail: poldep-budg@europarl.europa.eu Editorial support: Ms Catarina DUARTE GOMES LINGUISTIC VERSIONS Original: EN Translation of the executive summary: FR and DE ABOUT THE EDITOR To contact the Policy Department or to subscribe to its newsletter please write to: poldep-budg@europarl.europa.eu Manuscript completed in November 2013. Brussels, © European Union, 2013. This document is available on the Internet at: http://www.europarl.europa.eu/studies DISCLAIMER The opinions expressed in this document are the sole responsibility of the author and do not necessarily represent the official position of the European Parliament. Reproduction and translation for non-commercial purposes are authorized, provided the source is acknowledged and the publisher is given prior notice and sent a copy.
Nuclear Decommissioning: Management of Costs and Risks ____________________________________________________________________________________________ CONTENTS CONTENTS 3 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS 7 LIST OF TABLES 11 LIST OF FIGURES 11 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 15 ZUSAMMENFASSUNG 20 SYNTHÈSE 25 1. INTRODUCTION AND TASKS 30 2. DECOMMISSIONING PROJECTS 32 2.1. The framework of decommissioning projects in Europe 32 2.2. Technical basis of decommissioning 37 2.2.1. Activation and contamination of the nuclear reactor during operation 37 2.2.2. The need for decommissioning of nuclear reactors 39 2.2.3. Basic strategic decision on decommissioning waste 40 2.2.4. Advanced decontamination 41 2.2.5. Strategic decisions on performing decommissioning in stages 41 2.2.6. Conclusions 43 2.3. Economic basis of decommissioning projects 44 2.3.1. Reliability of decommissioning cost estimates 44 2.3.2. Relevant decommissioning cost factors 44 2.3.3. Rough estimate of decommissioning costs for lightwater reactors 45 2.4. The organisation of decommissioning projects 45 2.4.1. Organisational aspects 46 2.4.2. Transitional issues 48 2.4.3. Strategic and operational decisions 49 2.4.4. Conclusions 51 3. IDENTIFICATION AND DESCRIPTION OF BEST PRACTICES IN DECOMMISSIONING 52 3.1. Selection criteria for comparison 52 3
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