Link to the study - European Parliament - Europa
Link to the study - European Parliament - Europa
Link to the study - European Parliament - Europa
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Nuclear Decommissioning: Management of Costs and Risks<br />
____________________________________________________________________________________________<br />
The Funds support decommissioning in recognition of <strong>the</strong> burden of early closure. They became<br />
operational in 2001.<br />
In addition, <strong>the</strong> Bank manages a Fund – <strong>the</strong> Nor<strong>the</strong>rn Dimension Environmental Partnership (NDEP)<br />
Nuclear Window - which deals with <strong>the</strong> legacy issues stemming from <strong>the</strong> operation of <strong>the</strong> Soviet<br />
Nor<strong>the</strong>rn Fleet.<br />
One of <strong>the</strong> key priorities of international nuclear safety assistance has been <strong>to</strong> achieve <strong>the</strong> closure of<br />
reac<strong>to</strong>rs of Soviet design (RBMK reac<strong>to</strong>rs as well as VVER 440-230) where <strong>the</strong>re has been a consensus<br />
that <strong>the</strong>se are not upgradeable <strong>to</strong> acceptable safety levels. EBRD-managed Funds have contributed <strong>to</strong><br />
achieving this aim in Chernobyl 1-3, Bohunice V1, Ignalina 1 and 2 and Kozloduy 1-4.<br />
The EBRD retains <strong>the</strong> necessary expertise <strong>to</strong> manage <strong>the</strong>se specialized Funds as well as <strong>to</strong> advise on<br />
nuclear safety projects financed from <strong>the</strong> Bank’s ordinary capital in line with its Energy Policy. The<br />
Bank’s Nuclear Safety Department has 23 full-time employees. The majority of <strong>the</strong> 14 senior managers<br />
have a technical background and most have worked in <strong>the</strong> nuclear industry or nuclear regula<strong>to</strong>ry<br />
agencies. O<strong>the</strong>r functions in <strong>the</strong> team cover procurement, financial control and administration. Five<br />
staff work out of EBRD’s Resident Offices in Kiev and Moscow. The Nuclear Safety Department draws<br />
on all of those services of <strong>the</strong> Bank needed <strong>to</strong> fulfill its task, such as services from <strong>the</strong> Environment<br />
and Social Department, <strong>the</strong> Procurement Department, Energy Efficiency Department, Legal<br />
Department, and relevant finance departments.<br />
Fund Governance<br />
The three International Decommissioning Support Funds are multilateral Donor Funds. Donors<br />
contributing at least 1.5 million EUR become full members with representation in <strong>the</strong> Assembly of<br />
Contribu<strong>to</strong>rs, which is <strong>the</strong> highest decision-making body in each of <strong>the</strong> Funds.<br />
IIDSF has 17 members, KIDSF has 12 members, and BIDSF has 10 members 24 .<br />
Bulgaria, Lithuania and <strong>the</strong> Slovak Republic are members without any obligation <strong>to</strong> make a cash<br />
contribution 25 <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir respective Funds.<br />
The operation of <strong>the</strong> Funds is governed by Fund Rules which are approved by <strong>the</strong> Assembly and <strong>the</strong><br />
EBRD’s Board of Direc<strong>to</strong>rs. The Fund Rules set out roles and responsibilities, in particular: <strong>the</strong> purpose<br />
of <strong>the</strong> Fund; membership of <strong>the</strong> Assemblies; <strong>the</strong> duties of <strong>the</strong> Fund Manager and <strong>the</strong> privileges of <strong>the</strong><br />
Assembly; and logistical arrangements (chairmanship, number of meetings etc).<br />
The Assembly of Contribu<strong>to</strong>rs is <strong>the</strong> <strong>to</strong>p decision-making body for each of <strong>the</strong> Funds. It takes<br />
decisions by consensus. It elects its chairman (as proposed by <strong>the</strong> largest donor) and approves<br />
strategic decisions as well as <strong>the</strong> regular financial reports and work programs produced by <strong>the</strong> Fund<br />
Manager. Its most important role is <strong>the</strong> approval of funding for individual projects or programs.<br />
Projects are presented <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> Assembly at several stages, first for information and <strong>the</strong>n for approval.<br />
Typically it is first presented early on after a candidate project has been identified in <strong>the</strong><br />
decommissioning strategy, plan or a relevant <strong>study</strong>. When <strong>the</strong> development of a project has matured<br />
sufficiently <strong>to</strong> provide cost and schedule information, it is submitted in <strong>the</strong> form of a Project<br />
24<br />
Switzerland is a contribu<strong>to</strong>r <strong>to</strong> all three funds but has ceased its participation in <strong>the</strong> Assemblies<br />
25<br />
They are included in <strong>the</strong> number of members<br />
193