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Policy Department D: Budgetary Affairs ____________________________________________________________________________________________ radioactive waste, 5) systems’ reduction and shutting down), V1 NPP has reached stages 4) and 5). All spent nuclear fuel has been transported out of the facility, only the selected support systems are in operation in accordance with operational regulations valid for Stage 1 of decommissioning. Other obsolete systems are dismantled and operational radioactive waste is being processed according to conditions set in the Decommissioning Licence. In order to further reduce risks (which are thus narrowed mainly to conventional labour protection and radiation protection) the following decisions have been made: - all personnel entrances into & works in V1 NPP are minimised to lowest possible extent required by the nature of the decommissioning works and/or legislation in order to minimise movement of personnel and thus to minimise the probability of safety incident, - pre-dismantling decontamination of systems is being done in order to lower the dose rates to workers, - continuous constant radiological monitoring of all work areas and at radiological borders - precise planning of dismantling works. Which technical challenges were encountered so far in the project? How did those influence costs and time frame? JAVYS has not experienced any major unexpected technical challenges during pre-decommissioning and decommissioning projects’ implementation so far. It is natural that some minor obstacles had been encountered in some of the already implemented decommissioning projects, however, these obstacles had no serious impacts on overall scheduled project costs or time frame. Concerning BIDSF projects to be implemented in the future: In order to prevent occurrence of unexpected obstacles during later decommissioning projects and to further allow preparation of as detailed as possible scheduling of activities within 2 nd stage decommissioning projects, JAVYS conducted the key background study – the Feasibility Study for the Management of V1 NPP Primary Circuit Components. Based on selected alternative for handling, dismantling and disposal of Primary Circuit Components JAVYS will further elaborate consecutive projects for dismantling in the Controlled Area. Have lessons been learned by technical challenges so far? In order to apply lessons learned by companies worldwide JAVYS set up an extensive system of national and international trainings in order to avoid mistakes already encountered in other decommissioning projects. One of the most important sources of information has become attending meetings of Technical Advisory Group within the Cooperative Program for Decommissioning, where exactly such cases are being discussed. Based on the gained knowledge and in compliance with the V1 NPP decommissioning strategy JAVYS thus proceeds from less complicated dismantling projects (non-contaminated environment of the Secondary circuit) to more sophisticated dismantling activities (contaminated systems’ dismantling within Controlled area) in order to personally gather the necessary experience. So far major lesson learnt was in connection of thermal insulation removal in the Turbine hall. 174
Nuclear Decommissioning: Management of Costs and Risks ____________________________________________________________________________________________ The project showed that dust control and spreading prevention is a major issue that will need to be approached during insulation dismantling in Controlled area. JAVYS therefore prepares to eliminate this problem during implementation of consecutive decommissioning projects in Controlled area since it is expected that latter project will be much more demanding in terms of possible contaminated insulation and thus dust outlets. Therefore mobile shielding tents over equipment and facilities shall be inevitable to be erected. Another lesson learned is that despite FIDIC rules allow for broader definition of procured works, JAVYS is of the opinion that it is better if tender documentation (mainly technical specification) is prepared in a straightforward and clear manner. Such approach helps to minimize the risk of potential changes in projects` scope after contract with supplier is signed. Which technical challenges do you see currently and in the near future? How are you preparing for those? Main pending challenge will be to safely demolish V1 NPP’s cooling towers located in the imminent vicinity of the cooling towers of operational NPP V2. Next technical challenge will be thorough decontamination of the Primary Circuit in order to decrease dose rates for workers during its later dismantling. Another challenge will be safe manipulation (both in terms of regular labour protection, as well as radioactive protection) with Primary circuit’s large components during their removal, fragmentation, decontamination and storage. A general technical challenge will be minimalization of RAW during decommissioning. RAW treatment facilities have been therefore reconstructed or are planned to be installed. Waste management aspects Waste management is a necessary prerequisite for a smooth decommissioning. Do you have enough means to store, treat and dispose the wastes from decommissioning internally or externally? The Slovak Republic had been aware of its responsibility for the back-end nuclear cycle on national level long before the decision to shut-down Bohunice NPP V1 was taken. Accordingly, the Slovak Republic has erected necessary RAW treatment and disposal facilities in the territory of the Slovak Republic: a) Bohunice Radioactive Waste Treatment Centre b) Facilities for Final Processing of Liquid Radioactive Waste c) Interim Spent Fuel Storage d) National Radioactive Waste Repository in Mochovce Establishment of all these facilities was financed exclusively from national financial sources. Premature shut-down of V1 NPP made necessary to re-evaluate current capacities for RAW treatment and storing. Thus it becomes necessary to construct new double-row at the National Repository in advance to original back-end cycle strategy of the Slovak Republic. In addition, very low level waste repository and Interim Storage facility are planned to be erected in order to ensure smooth waste flow and its adequate treatment. 175
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