Ethiopia lessons in repression: violations of academic problems, HRW
Ethiopia lessons in repression: violations of academic problems, HRW
Ethiopia lessons in repression: violations of academic problems, HRW
Create successful ePaper yourself
Turn your PDF publications into a flip-book with our unique Google optimized e-Paper software.
January 2003<br />
ETHIOPIA<br />
Vol. 15, No. 2 (A)<br />
LESSONS IN REPRESSION: VIOLATIONS OF ACADEMIC FREEDOM IN ETHIOPIA<br />
Table <strong>of</strong> Contents<br />
<strong>Ethiopia</strong>: Timel<strong>in</strong>e <strong>of</strong> Key Events and Assaults on Academic Freedom S<strong>in</strong>ce 1991................................................2<br />
I. Summary ................................................................................................................................................................4<br />
II. Recommendations.................................................................................................................................................6<br />
To Government <strong>of</strong> <strong>Ethiopia</strong>:...................................................................................................................................6<br />
To the AAU adm<strong>in</strong>istration:...................................................................................................................................6<br />
To <strong>in</strong>ternational donors: .........................................................................................................................................6<br />
III. Background .........................................................................................................................................................8<br />
Governance <strong>in</strong> <strong>Ethiopia</strong> ..........................................................................................................................................8<br />
Target<strong>in</strong>g the Educated.........................................................................................................................................11<br />
IV. Suppression <strong>of</strong> Student Activism ......................................................................................................................14<br />
Oromia 2002.........................................................................................................................................................14<br />
Student Protests ................................................................................................................................................14<br />
Subsequent Arrests ...........................................................................................................................................16<br />
AAU Student Strike, April 2001 ..........................................................................................................................18<br />
Student Demonstration and Violent Security Force Crackdown......................................................................18<br />
Subsequent Arrests ...........................................................................................................................................22<br />
Harassment <strong>of</strong> Oromo University Students..........................................................................................................25<br />
Pattern <strong>of</strong> Excessive Force <strong>in</strong> Response to Political Protests...............................................................................27<br />
Impunity <strong>of</strong> Security Forces .................................................................................................................................29<br />
V. Denial <strong>of</strong> Teachers’ Freedom <strong>of</strong> Association .....................................................................................................32<br />
VI. Chill<strong>in</strong>g Free Expression and Free Op<strong>in</strong>ion <strong>in</strong> Universities..............................................................................37<br />
University Pr<strong>of</strong>essors............................................................................................................................................37<br />
Cont<strong>in</strong>ued Denial <strong>of</strong> Students’ Rights..................................................................................................................40<br />
VII. International Response.....................................................................................................................................42<br />
VIII. <strong>Ethiopia</strong>: A Case Study <strong>of</strong> Violations <strong>of</strong> Academic Freedom .......................................................................44<br />
Freedom to Hold and Express Op<strong>in</strong>ions...............................................................................................................45<br />
Self-Censorship ....................................................................................................................................................45<br />
Freedom <strong>of</strong> Association........................................................................................................................................46<br />
University Autonomy ...........................................................................................................................................48<br />
Excessive Use <strong>of</strong> Force and Arbitrary Arrests <strong>in</strong> Repress<strong>in</strong>g Demonstrations ....................................................49<br />
IX. Conclusion.........................................................................................................................................................51<br />
X. Acknowledgments ..............................................................................................................................................52