10. Lošinjski dani bioetike - Hrvatsko filozofsko društvo
10. Lošinjski dani bioetike - Hrvatsko filozofsko društvo 10. Lošinjski dani bioetike - Hrvatsko filozofsko društvo
Zemlji«. Preko Leibniza ću dotaknuti i pitanje moguće integracije bića s drugih planeta kao i probleme koji se pritom mogu javiti. CONSIDERING THE EXTRATERRESTRIAL IN KANT AND LEIBNIZ This presentation provides an overview of Immanuel Kant and Gottfried Leibniz’s reflections on the possible existence of extraterrestrial life and its ways of survival on other planets. The context of the Enlightenment, on which both philosophers base their research, allows for a rather carefree, optimistic and, in some aspects, modern approach to the issue of the “alien”, which – except the conclusion that extraterrestrial life forms very probably (even necessarily) exist – in its view even considers the potentiality of contact with neighbouring planets. The author here addresses the problem of the anthropocentric as well as that of the geocentric, attempting to prove that the act of contact does not mean that ontological otherness is necessarily ethical otherness, which is what the United Nations have seriously counted on being an institution responsible for making “first contact on Earth”. Through Leibniz the author touches the issue of the possible integration of beings from other planets as well as the problems that may occur. ANA BARJAŠIĆ Filozofski fakultet, Sveučilište u Zagrebu, Hrvatska / Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Zagreb, Croatia PROBLEM IZBJEGLICA KAO IZAZOV KOZMOPOLITIZMU Prema posljednjim podacima, u svijetu se nalazi četrdesetak milijuna izbjeglica. Alijenacija izbjeglica može se očitati na političkoj razini, gdje se radi o negrađanima u bezdržavnom stanju, kao i na socijalnoj razini, gdje su oni socijalno konstruirani kao strana i tuđa bića. Znanstvenofantastična drama District 9 smjestit će ovaj problem u malo širi društveni kontekst, pri čemu će se osnovni sukob odvijati između ljudi i izvanzemaljaca. Film predstavlja svojevrsnu aluziju na specifičan slučaj segregacije u obliku južnoafričkog apartheida, s obzirom da se radnja odvija upravo 156
u Johannesburgu. Teorijska perspektiva koja bi mogla priskočiti u pomoć rješavanju problema izbjeglica je kozmopolitizam i njegovo načelo univerzalnog hospitaliteta na osnovu prirodnog zakona, ali postavlja se pitanje može li se takav pristup smatrati bezuvjetnim. THE REFUGEE PROBLEM AS A CHALLENGE TO COSMOPOLITANISM According to the latest figures, there are around 40 million refugees in the world. Refugee alienation can be detected both on the political level, where refugees are seen as non-citizens in a state of statelessness, and on the social level, where they are socially constructed as foreign and alien beings. The science-fiction drama District 9 places the problem into a slightly broader social context, thus making the main conflict now between humans and aliens. The movie is a peculiar allusion to a specific case of segregation in the form of South African apartheid considering that the story takes place exactly in Johannesburg. The theoretical perspective that could resolve the refugee issue is cosmopolitanism and its principle of universal hospitality based on natural law. However, the question is whether such an approach can be seen as unconditional. NINA ČOLOVIĆ Filozofski fakultet, Sveučilište u Zagrebu, Hrvatska / Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Zagreb, Croatia KSENOLINGVISTIKA U znanstvenofantastičnom žanru tematiziranje postojanja izvanzemaljskih oblika života uglavnom usporedno podrazumijeva i problematiziranje komunikacije između ljudske i neljudske vrste. Pritom primjeri »izvanzemaljskih« jezika, konstruirani za potrebe filmskih i književnih uradaka, mogu pružiti uvid u načine na koji promišljamo izvanzemaljske oblike života, te poslužiti kao alat za raščlambu odnosa koji leže u pozadini tih promišljanja. No, ksenolingvistika se ne zadržava samo na pitanju »Kakve predodžbe imamo o jeziku/jezicima izvanzemaljaca i kako su konstruirane?«, već također, prebacujući pitanje »kontakta« iz znanstvenofantastič- 157
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u Johannesburgu. Teorijska perspektiva koja bi mogla priskočiti u pomoć<br />
rješavanju problema izbjeglica je kozmopolitizam i njegovo načelo univerzalnog<br />
hospitaliteta na osnovu prirodnog zakona, ali postavlja se pitanje<br />
može li se takav pristup smatrati bezuvjetnim.<br />
THE REFUGEE PROBLEM<br />
AS A CHALLENGE TO COSMOPOLITANISM<br />
According to the latest figures, there are around 40 million refugees in<br />
the world. Refugee alienation can be detected both on the political level,<br />
where refugees are seen as non-citizens in a state of statelessness, and on<br />
the social level, where they are socially constructed as foreign and alien beings.<br />
The science-fiction drama District 9 places the problem into a slightly<br />
broader social context, thus making the main conflict now between humans<br />
and aliens. The movie is a peculiar allusion to a specific case of segregation<br />
in the form of South African apartheid considering that the story takes<br />
place exactly in Johannesburg. The theoretical perspective that could resolve<br />
the refugee issue is cosmopolitanism and its principle of universal<br />
hospitality based on natural law. However, the question is whether such an<br />
approach can be seen as unconditional.<br />
NINA ČOLOVIĆ<br />
Filozofski fakultet, Sveučilište u Zagrebu, Hrvatska /<br />
Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Zagreb, Croatia<br />
KSENOLINGVISTIKA<br />
U znanstvenofantastičnom žanru tematiziranje postojanja izvanzemaljskih<br />
oblika života uglavnom usporedno podrazumijeva i problematiziranje<br />
komunikacije između ljudske i neljudske vrste. Pritom primjeri »izvanzemaljskih«<br />
jezika, konstruirani za potrebe filmskih i književnih uradaka,<br />
mogu pružiti uvid u načine na koji promišljamo izvanzemaljske oblike<br />
života, te poslužiti kao alat za raščlambu odnosa koji leže u pozadini tih<br />
promišljanja. No, ksenolingvistika se ne zadržava samo na pitanju »Kakve<br />
predodžbe imamo o jeziku/jezicima izvanzemaljaca i kako su konstruirane?«,<br />
već također, prebacujući pitanje »kontakta« iz znanstvenofantastič-<br />
157
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