informing the conservation of the built env ironment - Historic Scotland
informing the conservation of the built env ironment - Historic Scotland
informing the conservation of the built env ironment - Historic Scotland
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I N F O R M I N G T H E C O N S E R V A T I O N O F T H E<br />
B U I L T E N V I R O N M E N T<br />
2011<br />
See inside for<br />
a list <strong>of</strong> all our<br />
PUBLICATIONS
Front cover: Detail <strong>of</strong> Orkney Mill<br />
Rear cover: Door knocker, Glasgow Ca<strong>the</strong>dral<br />
This page: Detail, Gallery <strong>of</strong> Modern Art
Welcome<br />
Welcome to <strong>the</strong> 2011 edition <strong>of</strong> Focus. This annual<br />
magazine gives an insight into <strong>the</strong> <strong>conservation</strong> work and<br />
research projects <strong>of</strong> <strong>Historic</strong> <strong>Scotland</strong>, as well as being our<br />
publications catalogue.<br />
The last year has seen <strong>the</strong> commencement and<br />
completion <strong>of</strong> some exciting projects. An ambitious<br />
five-year project to restore <strong>the</strong> Renaissance Stirling Castle<br />
Palace comes to a close in 2011 with impressive results.<br />
The Scottish 10 project, which will see five national<br />
and five international sites digitally documented, is<br />
well underway; <strong>the</strong> UNESCO Neolithic Orkney World<br />
Heritage Site as well as Mount Rushmore were digitally<br />
documented in 2010 and two fur<strong>the</strong>r sites are planned<br />
for 2011; <strong>the</strong> stunning ancient stepwell at Rani ki Vav in<br />
Gujarat, NW India and breathtaking St. Kilda here at home.<br />
In May 2010 <strong>the</strong> technical parts <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Agency were brought<br />
toge<strong>the</strong>r to form Conservation Group. We have a significant<br />
responsibility and range <strong>of</strong> operation but we remain<br />
enthusiastic about <strong>the</strong> challenges ahead. Our climate<br />
change research programme received a welcome boost<br />
in 2010 with <strong>the</strong> appointment <strong>of</strong> Dr. Ewan Hyslop to <strong>the</strong><br />
post <strong>of</strong> Depute Director <strong>of</strong> <strong>Historic</strong> <strong>Scotland</strong> Conservation<br />
Group charged with managing <strong>the</strong> agency’s climate change<br />
and sustainability activity. It is an area we have made great<br />
progress in with our partners and should be seen as a key<br />
opportunity for our sector, ra<strong>the</strong>r than a threat.<br />
2010 was an exciting year for <strong>the</strong> Technical Outreach &<br />
Education team who ran <strong>the</strong> first ever <strong>Historic</strong> <strong>Scotland</strong><br />
Summer School. This week-long residential training course<br />
was aimed at third-level students studying architecture,<br />
planning, surveying and engineering. The programme<br />
was designed to give <strong>the</strong>se students an introduction<br />
to <strong>the</strong> repair and maintenance <strong>of</strong> traditional buildings,<br />
supplementing <strong>the</strong>ir own courses <strong>of</strong> study which are<br />
<strong>of</strong>ten focused primarily on more modern buildings and<br />
materials.<br />
2011 looks set to be ano<strong>the</strong>r busy year – we have a range<br />
<strong>of</strong> events seminars and o<strong>the</strong>r things going on – hope to see<br />
you at one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>m.<br />
David<br />
Contents<br />
News in Brief 4<br />
- The first <strong>Historic</strong> <strong>Scotland</strong> Heritage<br />
Science Conference<br />
- Graveyards Seminar<br />
- Scottish Traditional Building Skills<br />
Audit Scoping Exercise<br />
- School craft taster events<br />
- Signing <strong>of</strong> memo<br />
- Energy House<br />
The Scottish Ten: Progress in 2010 7<br />
<strong>Historic</strong> <strong>Scotland</strong> And Climate Change –<br />
It’s Time For Action 10<br />
Double glazing in traditional windows 15<br />
Holyrood Abbey stone <strong>conservation</strong> 18<br />
Thermal survey at Hill House, Helensburgh 20<br />
The restoration <strong>of</strong> The Baptism <strong>of</strong> Christ,<br />
St. Ma<strong>the</strong>w’s Chapel, Cardross 23<br />
Conservation work to <strong>the</strong> Kilmichael Cross<br />
at Poltalloch Church 26<br />
Conservation Heating at Kinneil House 30<br />
Stirling Castle Palace Project 34<br />
Skills for <strong>the</strong> Future project 38<br />
The Scottish Inter-College Apprentice<br />
Stonemasonry Competition 40<br />
<strong>Historic</strong> <strong>Scotland</strong> Summer School Award 2010 42<br />
New publications 43<br />
Publication list 44<br />
David S Mitchell,<br />
Director <strong>of</strong> Conservation<br />
H I S T O R I C S C O T L A N D 2 0 1 1<br />
<strong>Historic</strong> <strong>Scotland</strong> 2011 | FOCUS<br />
3
NEWS IN BRIEF<br />
The first <strong>Historic</strong> <strong>Scotland</strong> Heritage Science Conference<br />
<strong>Historic</strong> <strong>Scotland</strong> held its first Heritage Science Conference, opened by Pr<strong>of</strong>essor Anne Glover, Chief Scientific Adviser<br />
for <strong>Scotland</strong>, at Glasgow’s Science Centre on <strong>the</strong> 7th September 2010.<br />
The one-day conference <strong>of</strong>fered a programme which explored a variety <strong>of</strong> topics designed to appeal to scientists and<br />
non-scientists alike, including subjects such as <strong>the</strong>rmal imaging, synchrotron radiation, and <strong>the</strong> development <strong>of</strong> a new<br />
tool with olfactory ‘smell’ technology which could be used to evaluate old books without <strong>the</strong> need <strong>of</strong> invasive testing.<br />
This conference highlighted<br />
<strong>the</strong> importance and quality <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>Scotland</strong>’s science output and in<br />
particular showed <strong>the</strong> close and<br />
productive working between<br />
heritage institutions and specialist<br />
university research groups.<br />
Graveyards Seminar<br />
On <strong>the</strong> 27th October 2010, pr<strong>of</strong>essionals from <strong>the</strong><br />
building and heritage sectors came toge<strong>the</strong>r for a oneday<br />
seminar on <strong>the</strong> maintenance and repair <strong>of</strong> historic<br />
graveyards at <strong>the</strong> St. Mungo Museum <strong>of</strong> Religious Art,<br />
Glasgow. This proved to be a very popular seminar<br />
with only standing room remaining at <strong>the</strong> back <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
venue. Delegates heard a series <strong>of</strong> lectures ranging<br />
from practical topics such repair techniques for stone,<br />
to broader issues facing <strong>the</strong> landscape and setting <strong>of</strong><br />
graveyards. The seminar was followed by walking tour<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Glasgow Necropolis generously provided by <strong>the</strong><br />
Friends <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Necropolis.<br />
Scottish Traditional Building Skills Audit Scoping Exercise Report<br />
There has long been a widespread belief that many qualifications do not cater for <strong>the</strong> needs <strong>of</strong> traditional buildings.<br />
Until now, <strong>the</strong> basis for this belief has been largely anecdotal. The Scottish Traditional Building Skills Audit Scoping<br />
Exercise Report, developed in partnership with ConstructionSkills <strong>Scotland</strong>, Scottish Qualifications Authority and<br />
Scottish Enterprise, lays out for <strong>the</strong> first time statistical information which reflects to what degree traditional skills<br />
are taught as part <strong>of</strong> current qualifications. This is <strong>the</strong> first and crucial step in tackling <strong>the</strong> skills shortages that exist<br />
in many traditional building trade skills. The report was formally launched on <strong>the</strong> 9th September 2010 with <strong>the</strong> hope<br />
that continued partnership working with partners and colleagues will enable considerable inroads in redressing<br />
<strong>the</strong>se shortages.<br />
To receive a copy <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> report, please email ali.davey@scotland.gsi.gov.uk<br />
4 FOCUS | <strong>Historic</strong> <strong>Scotland</strong> 2011
NEWS IN BRIEF<br />
Auchinleck Academy pupils treated to craft skills taster event<br />
Auchinleck Academy’s first year pupils were given <strong>the</strong> opportunity<br />
to try <strong>the</strong>ir hand at traditional building skills at <strong>the</strong>ir school last<br />
September.<br />
<strong>Historic</strong> <strong>Scotland</strong>’s stonemasons, slaters, leadworkers and<br />
conservators took part in <strong>the</strong> two activity days, giving pupils expert<br />
tuition in a range <strong>of</strong> practical craft skills. These events are a great<br />
way <strong>of</strong> showing <strong>the</strong> importance <strong>of</strong> traditional building skills to<br />
young people and to help <strong>the</strong>m understand how important it is<br />
to maintain <strong>the</strong>se vital skills in order to preserve <strong>Scotland</strong>’s <strong>built</strong><br />
heritage. It may also inspire some <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>m to take up one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se<br />
pr<strong>of</strong>essions and look after <strong>Scotland</strong>’s heritage for future generations.<br />
Sign up for our enewsletter at<br />
www.historic-scotland.gov.uk/<strong>conservation</strong>groupnewsletter<br />
Signing <strong>of</strong> Minute <strong>of</strong> Agreement<br />
In January 2011, a new Minute <strong>of</strong> Agreement in support <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Scottish <strong>Historic</strong> Buildings Fire Protection Project was signed<br />
by <strong>Historic</strong> <strong>Scotland</strong> and <strong>the</strong> Scottish Fire Services (co-ordinated by Lothian and Borders Fire and Rescue Service). This recent<br />
milestone builds on a well-established partnership dating back to 2002 and will help to focus efforts on protecting <strong>Scotland</strong>’s<br />
<strong>built</strong> heritage from <strong>the</strong> threat <strong>of</strong> fire.<br />
The project has two primary goals - intervention and prevention. Efforts on <strong>the</strong> intervention front will involve working closely<br />
with <strong>the</strong> fire services’ risk management teams to enhance operational preparedness at fire incidents in listed buildings.<br />
Endeavours to prevent fires occurring will involve outreach initiatives to all those concerned in fire protection <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>built</strong><br />
<strong>env</strong><strong>ironment</strong>. Issues to be addressed are traditional building construction, <strong>the</strong> vulnerability <strong>of</strong> traditionally constructed<br />
buildings in respect <strong>of</strong> fire and how to sympa<strong>the</strong>tically address <strong>the</strong> issue <strong>of</strong> fire safety management in heritage properties.<br />
2010 saw <strong>the</strong> launch <strong>of</strong> Guide for Practitioners 7: Fire Safety Management in Traditional Buildings, which provides guidance on<br />
how to achieve a balance between <strong>conservation</strong> and fire safety requirements.<br />
Under <strong>the</strong> umbrella <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> project, <strong>Historic</strong> <strong>Scotland</strong> will continue to liaise closely with a number <strong>of</strong> organisations including,<br />
amongst o<strong>the</strong>rs, <strong>the</strong> Royal Commission on <strong>the</strong> Ancient and <strong>Historic</strong>al Monuments <strong>of</strong> <strong>Scotland</strong>, National Trust for <strong>Scotland</strong>,<br />
English Heritage, Scottish Fire Services College and Local Authorities.<br />
Energy House – A new free interactive information resource<br />
Following <strong>the</strong> enormous success <strong>of</strong> <strong>Historic</strong> <strong>Scotland</strong>’s first ever interactive INFORM House, final touches are currently<br />
being made to <strong>the</strong> latest in <strong>the</strong> series; Energy House. This interactive information resource builds on <strong>the</strong> INFORM House<br />
by providing a information in a variety <strong>of</strong> formats from concise information to more in-depth technical data and reports<br />
and video clips. The Energy House is due to be launched later this year (2011) and will be available FREE on CD-Rom.<br />
To pre-order your copy, please contact hs.cgpublications@scotland.gsi.gov.uk.<br />
<strong>Historic</strong> <strong>Scotland</strong> 2011 | FOCUS<br />
5
Scanning Mount Rushmore using <strong>the</strong> tripod rig.<br />
Point cloud <strong>of</strong> Mount Rushmore.
The Scottish Ten: Progress in 2010<br />
The Scottish Ten is an ambitious five-year programme which will see <strong>Historic</strong> <strong>Scotland</strong> and <strong>the</strong> Digital Design<br />
Studio at Glasgow School <strong>of</strong> Art digitally document in 3D <strong>Scotland</strong>’s five UNESCO World Heritage Sites and five<br />
international heritage sites. The resulting leading-edge data will be stored and shared via<br />
our US partner CyArk’s web portal (www.cyark.org).<br />
Reflections<br />
Looking back on 2010, it has been a very busy year for<br />
those involved with <strong>the</strong> Scottish Ten project. We’ve taken<br />
<strong>the</strong> Scottish Ten message around <strong>Scotland</strong> and beyond,<br />
presenting our work to date at many venues from local<br />
history society events to international conferences.<br />
We’ve forged strong and long-lasting links with our<br />
international partners and we’ve carried out fieldwork<br />
on two sites. We take a look here at some <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> year’s<br />
highlights…<br />
The Centre for Digital Documentation<br />
and Visualisation<br />
In Spring 2010, <strong>the</strong> Centre for Digital Documentation<br />
and Visualisation LLP was formally established. This is<br />
a joint partnership between <strong>Historic</strong> <strong>Scotland</strong> and <strong>the</strong><br />
Digital Design Studio at Glasgow School <strong>of</strong> Art. Although<br />
CDDV is primarily a vehicle to deliver <strong>the</strong> Scottish Ten,<br />
it will also undertake appropriate commercial work to<br />
generate income for both parties and fund research and<br />
development to maintain <strong>Scotland</strong>’s leading edge with<br />
3D documentation technologies. CDDV undertook its<br />
first commercial project in April 2010, laser scanning <strong>the</strong><br />
entire UNESCO World Heritage Palace at Schönbrunn,<br />
in Vienna, Austria. The laser scans were converted into<br />
a 3D visualisation tool, which staff will use in facilities<br />
management <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Palace.<br />
Our First International Project<br />
The team travelled to South Dakota, USA in May 2010<br />
to carry out <strong>the</strong> first international project. The digital<br />
documentation <strong>of</strong> Mount Rushmore National Memorial<br />
was made possible by a unique partnership between<br />
CDDV, <strong>the</strong> National Park Service and CyArk. Scanning<br />
a mountain was never going to be easy, but it was <strong>the</strong><br />
unpredictable Black Hills wea<strong>the</strong>r that posed <strong>the</strong> first<br />
difficulties. The team endured all four seasons within<br />
<strong>the</strong> space <strong>of</strong> a few days, including a foot <strong>of</strong> snow and<br />
lightning strikes. However, with a break in <strong>the</strong> wea<strong>the</strong>r<br />
and with detailed planning and safety considerations<br />
in place, <strong>the</strong> project got underway.<br />
Point cloud showing detail on main palace building , Schönbrunn, Vienna<br />
<strong>Historic</strong> <strong>Scotland</strong> 2011 | FOCUS<br />
7
The CDDV team split in two: one half working on <strong>the</strong><br />
top <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> heads, <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r working around <strong>the</strong> base<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> mountain and on <strong>the</strong> treacherous ‘tallus’ slope,<br />
consisting <strong>of</strong> dynamite-blown fragments <strong>of</strong> rock. Using<br />
a combination <strong>of</strong> scanners, and with a member <strong>of</strong> CyArk<br />
regularly checking scan data and letting <strong>the</strong> CDDV<br />
team know <strong>of</strong> gaps in <strong>the</strong> point cloud, <strong>the</strong>y worked to<br />
document <strong>the</strong> entire carving in 3D. For <strong>the</strong> areas <strong>the</strong><br />
team were unable to reach from ei<strong>the</strong>r above or below,<br />
a specially developed tripod rig was lowered down <strong>the</strong><br />
face <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> mountain on ropes by members <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> NPS<br />
Rope Access Team, with <strong>the</strong> CDDV scanner safely secured<br />
on one end. Once in place, <strong>the</strong> team was able to control<br />
<strong>the</strong> scanner remotely for a safe location. Manoeuvring<br />
<strong>the</strong> scanner was no easy task, but <strong>the</strong> results were well<br />
worth <strong>the</strong> effort. The whole team feels privileged to have<br />
taken part in this project and thankful for <strong>the</strong> enduring<br />
friendships made <strong>the</strong>re.<br />
To The Heart <strong>of</strong> Neolithic Orkney<br />
After a short break, <strong>the</strong> CDDV team headed north to <strong>the</strong><br />
Heart <strong>of</strong> Neolithic Orkney World Heritage Site in August<br />
2010. There are several sites which make up <strong>the</strong> WHS,<br />
and <strong>the</strong> aim was to laser scan all within <strong>the</strong> two week<br />
fieldwork phase: Maeshowe chambered tomb, Skara<br />
Brae village, <strong>the</strong> Ring <strong>of</strong> Brodgar, <strong>the</strong> Stones <strong>of</strong> Stenness,<br />
<strong>the</strong> Barnhouse Stone and <strong>the</strong> Watch Stone. Not only was<br />
<strong>the</strong> team laser scanning <strong>the</strong> monuments <strong>the</strong>mselves,<br />
but also <strong>the</strong> detailed Viking inscriptions present within<br />
Maeshowe and <strong>the</strong> Neolithic carvings at Skara Brae.<br />
The team also carried out a detailed traditional survey,<br />
to tie into <strong>the</strong> laser data and increase <strong>the</strong> overall<br />
accuracy <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> data collected.<br />
New challenges faced <strong>the</strong> team on Orkney while carrying<br />
out <strong>the</strong> fieldwork; <strong>of</strong> course, <strong>the</strong> unpredictable Scottish<br />
summer wea<strong>the</strong>r was at times an issue, and <strong>the</strong> clouds<br />
<strong>of</strong> midges almost got <strong>the</strong> better <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> team at Ring <strong>of</strong><br />
Brodgar! There was also <strong>the</strong> issue <strong>of</strong> site opening hours:<br />
twilight tours at Maeshowe meant <strong>the</strong> team working<br />
on <strong>the</strong> interior scans had to work a few night shifts!<br />
Despite <strong>the</strong>se issues, <strong>the</strong> project went very well, and<br />
<strong>the</strong> team was spurred on by <strong>the</strong> great reception given<br />
by <strong>the</strong> Orcadian people and by visitors to <strong>the</strong> sites.<br />
The team also had <strong>the</strong> opportunity to put to use a few<br />
new pieces <strong>of</strong> equipment, including a telescopic tripod,<br />
which allowed scans at a height <strong>of</strong> 4m: this was a great<br />
advantage when documenting <strong>the</strong> standing stones at<br />
Stenness and Ring <strong>of</strong> Brodgar.<br />
The laser scan data collected on Orkney will have many<br />
practical uses for <strong>the</strong> <strong>conservation</strong> and maintenance<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> sites. It will allow for coastal erosion monitoring<br />
at Skara Brae and condition monitoring <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> delicate<br />
carvings and inscriptions. Architectural drawings and<br />
plans will be produced from <strong>the</strong> laser scans for sites<br />
such as Maeshowe, which will assist our architects<br />
with detailed <strong>conservation</strong> plans. The data will also<br />
be used to create virtual tours and to explain <strong>the</strong><br />
evolution <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> structures over time. Virtual reality<br />
access to sites such as House 7 at Skara Brae, which<br />
has not been open to <strong>the</strong> public for many years,<br />
will now be possible.<br />
Indian Adventure<br />
Also in August 2010, a small team <strong>of</strong> CDDV<br />
representatives travelled to India to meet with <strong>the</strong><br />
Archaeological Survey <strong>of</strong> India (ASI) and to visit potential<br />
Orkney 3D digital documentation<br />
The Orkney team<br />
8 FOCUS | <strong>Historic</strong> <strong>Scotland</strong> 2011
Detail, Rani Ki Vav, Gujarat, India.<br />
Rani Ki Vav, Gujarat, India, view from <strong>the</strong> top<br />
sites for <strong>the</strong> second international project. Several<br />
breathtaking sites in Gujarat were viewed, including a<br />
Sun Temple, <strong>the</strong> Champaner Pavagadh Archaeological<br />
Park and Rani Ki Vav (The Queen’s Step Well). After<br />
careful consideration <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> technical and logistical<br />
issues each site posed, and in discussion with <strong>the</strong> ASI<br />
and <strong>the</strong> Scottish Government, it was decided that Rani Ki<br />
Vav would be <strong>the</strong> second international Scottish Ten site.<br />
Rani Ki Vav was constructed around 1050 A.D. and served<br />
as a communal water well. It is a fantastic construction,<br />
descending some 27m below ground level, via a series <strong>of</strong><br />
stepped terraces, each intricately adorned with carvings<br />
from Hindu legend and mythology. The step well was<br />
excavated some 50 years ago, and is currently on <strong>the</strong><br />
UNESCO Tentative World Heritage List.<br />
The level <strong>of</strong> detail to record will be incredibly challenging<br />
within <strong>the</strong> timeframe for <strong>the</strong> fieldwork phase and <strong>the</strong>re<br />
are many safety considerations as <strong>the</strong> terraces face onto<br />
<strong>the</strong> open well below. However, we are confident that<br />
by utilising novel 3D recording technologies and by<br />
adapting our existing kit, we can achieve great results<br />
and produce stunning visualizations, helping to generate<br />
<strong>the</strong> global pr<strong>of</strong>ile that this wonderful site deserves.<br />
The team will be travelling to India in March 2011 to 3D<br />
survey fieldwork programme.<br />
For those who have not yet visited <strong>the</strong> site, <strong>the</strong>re<br />
is information on <strong>the</strong> project and its origins, <strong>the</strong><br />
technology used, <strong>the</strong> sites involved, showcase galleries<br />
<strong>of</strong> scanning work, blogs and initial results. Updates are<br />
constantly added, so please do check back regularly:<br />
www.scottishten.org<br />
As we love to embrace all new forms <strong>of</strong> digital<br />
technology, we have also been spreading <strong>the</strong> word on<br />
<strong>the</strong> Scottish Ten via social networking sites, Tweeting<br />
all <strong>the</strong> way from Orkney and India: www.twitter.com/<br />
scottishten. Our digital animations are available to view<br />
on <strong>the</strong> Official <strong>Historic</strong> <strong>Scotland</strong> You Tube channel: www.<br />
youtube.com/user/historicscotlandtv, and images on<br />
Flickr: www.flickr.com/photos/historicscotland<br />
Do follow our progress on both our main Scottish Ten<br />
website and our Tweets. With fieldwork in India and<br />
St Kilda forthcoming, 2011 will surely be as busy and<br />
exciting a year for The Scottish Ten as 2010 has been!<br />
Digital Updates<br />
The <strong>of</strong>ficial Scottish Ten website was launched in late<br />
August 2010 and has to date received over 15,000 hits:<br />
a sure sign <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> interest <strong>the</strong> project is generating.<br />
Dr Lyn Wilson<br />
Scottish Ten Project Manager<br />
<strong>Historic</strong> <strong>Scotland</strong><br />
lyn.wilson@scotland.gsi.gov.uk<br />
<strong>Historic</strong> <strong>Scotland</strong> 2011 | FOCUS<br />
9
<strong>Historic</strong> <strong>Scotland</strong> And Climate<br />
Change–It’s Time For Action<br />
The Scottish Government has set itself challenging<br />
climate change objectives: to reduce greenhouse gas<br />
emissions by 42% by 2020 and by 80% by 2050. The<br />
Scottish interim target is more challenging than <strong>the</strong> UK<br />
target (34% reduction in emissions by 2020). To achieve<br />
this, <strong>Scotland</strong> needs to improve hugely <strong>the</strong> energy<br />
efficiency <strong>of</strong> its activities and to supply <strong>the</strong> consequent<br />
energy requirements from renewable and low-carbon<br />
sources. Meeting <strong>the</strong> targets will require a broad range<br />
<strong>of</strong> actions throughout <strong>Scotland</strong>’s economy and society<br />
-central government, local government and <strong>the</strong> public<br />
sector, businesses, individuals and communities alike.<br />
Changes in how energy is both generated and used,<br />
and decisions made about travel, will be at <strong>the</strong> heart <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>Scotland</strong>’s move to a low carbon society.<br />
During 2010 <strong>the</strong>re has been a flurry <strong>of</strong> activity with <strong>the</strong><br />
publication <strong>of</strong> a number <strong>of</strong> key major policy documents<br />
and reports. These outline <strong>the</strong> Scottish Government’s<br />
plans for achieving <strong>the</strong> ambitious targets set by <strong>the</strong><br />
Climate Change (<strong>Scotland</strong>) Act in 2009 and make clear<br />
how <strong>the</strong> way that we respond to climate change will<br />
fundamentally affect us over <strong>the</strong> next few decades and<br />
beyond. This signals an important shift forwards in <strong>the</strong><br />
emphasis <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> climate change agenda, away from <strong>the</strong><br />
policy scoping and production <strong>of</strong> statutory documents<br />
towards <strong>the</strong> implementation <strong>of</strong> a range <strong>of</strong> actions,<br />
policies and proposals needed to meet <strong>the</strong> targets.<br />
The two main documents that immediately affect<br />
<strong>Historic</strong> <strong>Scotland</strong> are <strong>the</strong> Guidance on Public Bodies<br />
Climate Change Duties which came into force on 1st<br />
January 2011, and <strong>the</strong> Energy Efficiency Action Plan for<br />
<strong>Scotland</strong> (EEAP), published in October 2010. The Public<br />
Bodies Duties provide a mechanism for organisations<br />
to comply with <strong>the</strong> duties placed upon <strong>the</strong>m by <strong>the</strong><br />
Act. The EEAP sets out <strong>the</strong> framework for <strong>the</strong> Scottish<br />
Government’s approach to energy efficiency, with<br />
<strong>the</strong> focus on energy and economic development<br />
and reducing energy consumption in buildings and<br />
transport.<br />
As a large public body <strong>Historic</strong> <strong>Scotland</strong> must comply<br />
with <strong>the</strong> duties arising from <strong>the</strong> Act. This means<br />
we will contribute to <strong>the</strong> Government’s emissions<br />
reduction targets, embed climate change actions into<br />
our functions, and act in a sustainable way to provide<br />
positive social, economic and <strong>env</strong><strong>ironment</strong>al impact. In<br />
addition, as part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> CRC Energy Efficiency Scheme,<br />
<strong>Historic</strong> <strong>Scotland</strong> is committed to improve energy<br />
efficiency and cut CO2 emissions by developing an<br />
energy management strategy that promotes a better<br />
understanding <strong>of</strong> energy usage.<br />
In conjunction with <strong>the</strong> Carbon Trust, <strong>Historic</strong> <strong>Scotland</strong><br />
is developing a Carbon Management Plan, to establish a<br />
firm baseline for current emissions from our properties,<br />
set targets for future reductions, and identify a range<br />
<strong>of</strong> opportunities where emissions can be reduced.<br />
<strong>Historic</strong> <strong>Scotland</strong> is currently improving monitoring<br />
and measurement <strong>of</strong> its energy consumption, including<br />
installation <strong>of</strong> Automated Meter Reading (AMR).<br />
Energy efficiency measures have <strong>the</strong> potential to be <strong>the</strong><br />
biggest source <strong>of</strong> emissions savings in <strong>the</strong> energy sector<br />
by 2050, giving both <strong>env</strong><strong>ironment</strong>al and economic<br />
benefits. Compared with many <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> alternative energy<br />
supply solutions, investing in energy efficiency measures<br />
<strong>of</strong>fers <strong>the</strong> simplest and most cost-effective way to reduce<br />
greenhouse gas emissions quickly. <strong>Historic</strong> <strong>Scotland</strong><br />
forms part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Government’s Energy Efficiency Action<br />
Plan and is committed to take a lead in researching and<br />
promoting energy efficiency in traditional buildings by:<br />
(i) carrying out research and case study projects, and<br />
disseminating findings to and through relevant<br />
partners, publications and digital media, to improve<br />
provision <strong>of</strong> advice, skills and qualifications for <strong>the</strong><br />
public and pr<strong>of</strong>essionals on energy improvement in<br />
traditional housing; and<br />
(ii) including energy efficiency in domestic properties<br />
in existing and future regeneration and grants<br />
programmes, such as <strong>the</strong> Conservation area<br />
regeneration schemes.<br />
10 FOCUS | <strong>Historic</strong> <strong>Scotland</strong> 2011
The current programme <strong>of</strong> research includes<br />
investigating a number <strong>of</strong> technical solutions to upgrade<br />
historic and traditional buildings and give owners<br />
options for improvement that do not compromise <strong>the</strong><br />
important vapour dynamics <strong>of</strong> natural materials. These<br />
options have to respect <strong>the</strong> historic fabric and balance<br />
<strong>the</strong> requirements <strong>of</strong> planning, building control and o<strong>the</strong>r<br />
legislation, with <strong>the</strong> needs and requirements <strong>of</strong> listed<br />
buildings.<br />
In <strong>the</strong> short term, specific investigations are underway<br />
on a number <strong>of</strong> upgrade options for a range <strong>of</strong><br />
traditionally constructed building types:<br />
• to investigate appropriate insulation options for<br />
traditional mass walls;<br />
• to publish case studies (detached traditional dwelling<br />
and traditional tenement);<br />
• to continue testing and evaluating specific<br />
interventions, such as floors and wall insulation, in<br />
conjunction with academic and technical bodies;<br />
• to disseminate research findings, case studies and<br />
advice via a range <strong>of</strong> media;<br />
• to work with partners to develop qualifications, for<br />
example for insulation installers and with pr<strong>of</strong>essional<br />
bodies such as <strong>the</strong> Royal Incorporation <strong>of</strong> Architects<br />
in <strong>Scotland</strong> (RIAS), <strong>the</strong> Royal Institute <strong>of</strong> Chartered<br />
Surveyors (RICS) and graduate training bodies,<br />
to ensure appropriate course content for energy<br />
efficiency.<br />
We will be working with <strong>the</strong> Energy Saving <strong>Scotland</strong><br />
Advice Networks (ESSACs) in advising <strong>the</strong> public and<br />
building owners on appropriate ways <strong>of</strong> improving<br />
energy efficiency, and with partners such as SUST and<br />
<strong>the</strong> Housing Energy Efficiency Learning Network to<br />
improve advice to housing associations on appropriate<br />
interventions on traditional tenements.<br />
Trials are already underway on a range <strong>of</strong> building types,<br />
and a number <strong>of</strong> new projects are planned to start in<br />
2011. The results <strong>of</strong> research completed to date are<br />
available on our website, published as Technical Papers<br />
in PDF form.<br />
Table listing technical reports on completed and current<br />
energy efficiency projects. All <strong>the</strong>se are available in PDF<br />
format from:<br />
www.historic-scotland.gov.uk/index/heritage/<br />
<strong>conservation</strong>/<strong>conservation</strong>publications/<br />
technicalpapers.htm<br />
Tech Paper 1 - Thermal Performance <strong>of</strong> Traditional<br />
Windows - Revision 2010<br />
Tech Paper 2 - In situ U-value Measurements in<br />
Traditional Buildings - Preliminary<br />
Results<br />
Tech Paper 3 - Energy Modelling Analysis <strong>of</strong> a<br />
Scottish Tenement Flat<br />
Tech Paper 4 - Energy Modelling in Traditional<br />
Scottish Houses<br />
Tech Paper 5 - Energy Modelling <strong>of</strong> a Mid 19th<br />
Century Villa<br />
Tech Paper 6 - Indoor Air Quality and Energy<br />
Efficiency in Traditional Buildings<br />
Tech paper 7 - Embodied Carbon in Natural<br />
Building Stone in <strong>Scotland</strong><br />
Tech paper 8 - Energy Modelling <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Garden<br />
Bothy, Dumfries House<br />
Tech paper 9 - Slim-pr<strong>of</strong>ile double glazing<br />
<strong>Historic</strong> <strong>Scotland</strong> 2011 | FOCUS<br />
11
Scottish Government reports and publications on climate change, available for download from:<br />
http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/Recent<br />
A Low Carbon Economic Strategy for <strong>Scotland</strong>: <strong>Scotland</strong> - A Low Carbon Society<br />
The Low Carbon Economic Strategy (LCES) is an integral part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Government’s Economic Strategy to secure<br />
sustainable economic growth, and a key component <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> broader approach to meet <strong>Scotland</strong>’s climate change<br />
targets and secure <strong>the</strong> transition to a low carbon economy in <strong>Scotland</strong>.<br />
Conserve and Save: Energy Efficiency Action Plan<br />
The EEAP sets out a wide-ranging programme <strong>of</strong> activity on behaviour change, household, business and public<br />
sector energy efficiency, infrastructure, skills, and finance.<br />
Low Carbon <strong>Scotland</strong>: The Draft Report on Proposals and Policies: <strong>Scotland</strong> - A Low Carbon Society<br />
The draft Report on Proposals and Policies fulfils <strong>the</strong> duty placed on Scottish Ministers by section 35 <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
Climate Change (<strong>Scotland</strong>) Act 2009 by setting out specific measures for reducing greenhouse gas emissions to<br />
meet <strong>Scotland</strong>’s ambitious statutory targets.<br />
Public Bodies Climate Change Duties: Putting Them Into Practice - Guidance Required by Part 4 <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
Climate Change (<strong>Scotland</strong>) Act 2009<br />
Guidance for public bodies to assist <strong>the</strong>m in complying with <strong>the</strong> duties placed upon <strong>the</strong>m by <strong>the</strong> Climate Change<br />
(<strong>Scotland</strong>) Act 2009.<br />
Plot showing daily electricity consumption during <strong>the</strong> month <strong>of</strong> January 2011 for Arbroath Abbey. The installation <strong>of</strong> Automated Meter Recording (AMR) will<br />
enable energy efficiency savings to be made through better monitoring<br />
Sheep wool insulation being installed into attic space at Edinburgh Castle.<br />
This material, commonly regarded today as a waste product, has excellent<br />
<strong>the</strong>rmal properties and is a sustainable solution in terms <strong>of</strong> natural<br />
indigenous material with a low carbon footprint.<br />
Ewan Hyslop<br />
Depute Director<br />
HS Conservation Group<br />
<strong>Historic</strong> <strong>Scotland</strong><br />
ewan.hyslop@scotland.gsi.gov.uk<br />
12 FOCUS | <strong>Historic</strong> <strong>Scotland</strong> 2011
Measuring U-values <strong>of</strong> traditional windows in Longmore House, as part <strong>of</strong> ongoing monitoring and improvements to <strong>Historic</strong> <strong>Scotland</strong> buildings.<br />
The data will be used to provide advice and information on <strong>the</strong> energy performance <strong>of</strong> traditional buildings.
Dr. Baker setting up <strong>the</strong> in-situ measuring equipment (above) © Lister Housing Co Operative.<br />
Typical Georgian windows in a Scottish tenement
Double glazing in traditional windows<br />
How a building is glazed has a significant effect on energy efficiency and <strong>the</strong>rmal comfort, so upgrading<br />
<strong>of</strong> windows is becoming a priority for many homeowners and building managers.<br />
<strong>Historic</strong> <strong>Scotland</strong> Technical Paper 1, published in 2008,<br />
has shown that <strong>the</strong>re is a range <strong>of</strong> options now available<br />
to significantly improve <strong>the</strong> <strong>the</strong>rmal performance <strong>of</strong><br />
traditional windows, generally sash and case windows<br />
constructed from timber. Such measures include draught<br />
pro<strong>of</strong>ing, <strong>the</strong> use <strong>of</strong> window blinds, shutters, curtains<br />
and secondary glazing.<br />
This article focuses on ano<strong>the</strong>r improvement option,<br />
slim-pr<strong>of</strong>ile double glazing, which is <strong>of</strong> particular interest<br />
in situations where window joinery is to be retained or<br />
reproduced but <strong>the</strong> loss <strong>of</strong> existing glazing is acceptable.<br />
Research on such double glazing systems has recently<br />
been published as <strong>Historic</strong> <strong>Scotland</strong> Technical Paper 9,<br />
presenting <strong>the</strong> findings <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>rmal performance and<br />
embodied energy studies.<br />
Slim-pr<strong>of</strong>ile double glazing is <strong>of</strong> smaller thickness<br />
than conventional double glazing. Both consist <strong>of</strong> two<br />
panes <strong>of</strong> glass containing a hermetically sealed cavity<br />
generally filled with inert gas. Whereas conventional<br />
double glazing has an overall thickness <strong>of</strong> 20 to 25 mm,<br />
<strong>the</strong> slim-pr<strong>of</strong>ile units are only 8 to 16 mm thick. Slimpr<strong>of</strong>ile<br />
double glazing is still thicker than single-glass<br />
panes, generally 4 to 6 mm, but it is slim enough to<br />
be fitted, in many situations, into windows designed<br />
for single glazing. It is <strong>the</strong>refore possible to retain <strong>the</strong><br />
existing windows, or replace <strong>the</strong>m like-for-like with<br />
exactly matching timber pr<strong>of</strong>iles while still upgrading<br />
<strong>the</strong> glazing.<br />
In order to determine how different systems compare,<br />
and whe<strong>the</strong>r <strong>the</strong>se are necessarily <strong>the</strong> best option for<br />
traditional windows, <strong>Historic</strong> <strong>Scotland</strong> joined a research<br />
project studying <strong>the</strong> performance <strong>of</strong> various slim-pr<strong>of</strong>ile<br />
double-glazing systems during <strong>the</strong> last winter period,<br />
2009/2010. The project involved retr<strong>of</strong>itting existing<br />
windows, and exactly matching replacement windows in<br />
nine tenements in Edinburgh. A different double glazing<br />
system was installed in each flat. A tenth system was<br />
trialled in an <strong>of</strong>fice. All buildings were <strong>of</strong> Georgian origin,<br />
listed, in <strong>conservation</strong> areas and within Edinburgh’s<br />
World Heritage Site. The windows were not original,<br />
dating roughly to <strong>the</strong> 1970s onwards, but had<br />
retained <strong>the</strong> original appearance <strong>of</strong> a Georgian window.<br />
They were timber sash and case windows with 6 over<br />
6 glass panes.<br />
The project was initiated and funded by <strong>the</strong> City <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
Edinburgh Council toge<strong>the</strong>r with <strong>the</strong> Edinburgh World<br />
Heritage Trust and Lister Housing Co-operative. It was<br />
developed and led by Changeworks, an Edinburghbased<br />
sustainable development organisation. <strong>Historic</strong><br />
<strong>Scotland</strong> provided funding for on-site measurements<br />
and <strong>the</strong> associated technical studies carried out by<br />
researchers at two Scottish universities: Dr. Paul Baker<br />
<strong>of</strong> Glasgow Caledonian University measured <strong>the</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong>rmal performance <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> glazing systems on-site and<br />
extensively evaluated <strong>the</strong> data; and Dr. Gillian Menzies <strong>of</strong><br />
Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, studied <strong>the</strong> embodied<br />
energy associated with <strong>the</strong> manufacture and installation<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> glazing. Parts <strong>of</strong> Dr. Baker’s study were carried out,<br />
exclusively for <strong>Historic</strong> <strong>Scotland</strong>, after completion <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
Changeworks projects in spring 2010.<br />
As part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> project, Dr. Baker measured <strong>the</strong> <strong>the</strong>rmal<br />
conductivity <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> different glazing systems. These<br />
measurements were carried out in situ, which in<br />
practice involved working on-site in flats occupied by<br />
tenants during <strong>the</strong> two-week measurement period.<br />
The measurements <strong>the</strong>refore present indicative, ra<strong>the</strong>r<br />
than precise, results. The latter would have required<br />
testing in a laboratory.<br />
The differences <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> trialled double glazing systems<br />
lay in <strong>the</strong> thicknesses <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir cavities and glass, and in<br />
<strong>the</strong> type <strong>of</strong> cavity fill. One system had an air-filled cavity;<br />
most systems had <strong>the</strong>ir cavities filled with <strong>the</strong> inert<br />
gases argon or krypton, or with krypton-xenon mix.<br />
One glazing system achieved its insulating properties<br />
by creating a vacuum in <strong>the</strong> cavity.<br />
<strong>Historic</strong> <strong>Scotland</strong> 2011 | FOCUS<br />
15
a poorly insulating system has a high <strong>the</strong>rmal<br />
transmittance, and a high U-value.<br />
The lowest U value (1.0 W/m2K), i.e. <strong>the</strong> best <strong>the</strong>rmal<br />
performance, was achieved by <strong>the</strong> vacuum-glazing<br />
system. The highest U-value (2.8 W/m2K) was achieved<br />
by <strong>the</strong> air-filled system. The U-values <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> gas-filled<br />
cavities ranged between 1.7 and 2.7 W/m2K depending<br />
on cavity width and type <strong>of</strong> gases used, as presented in<br />
<strong>the</strong> table overleaf.<br />
Slim-pr<strong>of</strong>ile double glazing fitted to windows <strong>of</strong> a tenement flat.<br />
It is important to remember that <strong>the</strong>se values are only<br />
indicative, and can vary from <strong>the</strong> manufacturers’ data.<br />
Fur<strong>the</strong>rmore, <strong>the</strong> values stated are centre-<strong>of</strong>-pane<br />
measurements. However, a window does not only<br />
consists <strong>of</strong> glass but also <strong>of</strong> timber in <strong>the</strong> form <strong>of</strong> sash<br />
frames and astragals. Also, <strong>the</strong> edge <strong>of</strong> a double-glazed<br />
unit performs less well <strong>the</strong>rmally than <strong>the</strong> rest <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> unit.<br />
Slim-pr<strong>of</strong>ile double glazing with vacuum cavity fitted into existing windows.<br />
Please note <strong>the</strong> small metal plugs in <strong>the</strong> bottom left corner <strong>of</strong> each glass<br />
pane which are specific to <strong>the</strong> vacuum system. Please also note <strong>the</strong> two heat<br />
flux sensors fitted to <strong>the</strong> lower glass panes <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> right window.<br />
To assess <strong>the</strong> overall performance <strong>of</strong> a complete window,<br />
Dr. Baker calculated ‘whole-window U-values’ using a<br />
computer simulation program. This resulted, for 6 over<br />
6 windows, in whole-window U values ranging from<br />
1.9 W/m2K (for <strong>the</strong> vacuum system) to 3.4 W/m2K (for<br />
<strong>the</strong> air-filled system). The calculations were also carried<br />
out for 2 over 2 and 1 over 1 windows. For <strong>the</strong> latter<br />
<strong>the</strong> results ranged between 1.4 and 3.0 W/m2K, clearly<br />
showing that slim-pr<strong>of</strong>ile double glazing performs better<br />
<strong>the</strong>rmally in windows with fewer, or no, astragals, and<br />
with fewer but larger glass panes.<br />
Slim-pr<strong>of</strong>ile double glazing with two fitted heat flux sensors.<br />
The <strong>the</strong>rmal performance was measured in <strong>the</strong><br />
centre <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> glass panes, and is expressed as U value<br />
(or <strong>the</strong>rmal transmittance co efficient) in W/m2K.<br />
A well insulating glazing system has a low <strong>the</strong>rmal<br />
transmittance, and <strong>the</strong>refore a low U-value; whereas<br />
So how does <strong>the</strong> double glazing <strong>the</strong>n compare to <strong>the</strong><br />
alternative <strong>of</strong> installing secondary glazing? To provide<br />
a comparison, Dr. Baker also calculated single-glazed<br />
windows retr<strong>of</strong>itted with secondary glazing. These<br />
achieved U values <strong>of</strong> 2.0 and 2.1 W/m2K for 6 over 6 and<br />
1 over 1 windows respectively. Compared to <strong>the</strong> trialled<br />
double glazing, <strong>the</strong> secondary glazing generally performs<br />
better <strong>the</strong>rmally than <strong>the</strong> double glazing systems,<br />
except for <strong>the</strong> vacuum system which outperforms any<br />
o<strong>the</strong>r option. In <strong>the</strong> case <strong>of</strong> 6 over 6 windows, secondary<br />
glazing appears to be especially beneficial as it not only<br />
improves <strong>the</strong> <strong>the</strong>rmal performance <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> single glazing<br />
but also insulates <strong>the</strong> timber astragals.<br />
Differences in thickness between a slim-pr<strong>of</strong>ile double glazing unit (left) and a conventional double glazing unit (right).
Pilkington energiKare Legacy<br />
Slenderglaze<br />
Sashworks<br />
Slimlite with Xenon & Krypton<br />
Histoglass<br />
Supalite<br />
Type A "6 over 6"<br />
Type B "2 over 2"<br />
Type C "1 over 1"<br />
Slimlite Air<br />
Slimlite (X&K) with Secondary Glazing<br />
Single Glazing with Secondary Glazing<br />
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80%<br />
Estimated reduction <strong>of</strong> heat loss through a whole window compared with single glazed window for three window types.<br />
The embodied energy study by Dr. Gillian Menzies<br />
found that <strong>the</strong> inert gases, used in most double glazing<br />
systems, accounts for a significant proportion <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
embodied energy due to <strong>the</strong> energy-intense processes<br />
needed to extract <strong>the</strong>m from air. Xenon in particular<br />
carries a very high embodied energy. The vacuum<br />
double-glazing system appears to have <strong>the</strong> lowest<br />
embodied energy compared to <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r systems (when<br />
transported to Britain by sea from its manufacturing<br />
The results <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> double glazing research are<br />
available online as <strong>Historic</strong> <strong>Scotland</strong> Technical<br />
Paper 9. The paper can be downloaded at <strong>the</strong><br />
following web link where also all previous<br />
Technical Papers are available:<br />
www.historic-scotland.gov.uk/technicalpapers<br />
The Changeworks project is presented in more<br />
detail in a Project Report available from <strong>the</strong><br />
Changeworks publications website:<br />
www.changeworks.org.uk/publications.php<br />
Fur<strong>the</strong>r information and related planning<br />
consultation documents <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> City <strong>of</strong> Edinburgh<br />
Council are available on <strong>the</strong> council’s website:<br />
www.edinburgh.gov.uk/info/187/planningconsultations/1014/planning_consultations/3<br />
country, Japan); however, fur<strong>the</strong>r research into <strong>the</strong><br />
embodied energy for this product is required to make<br />
this estimation more reliable.<br />
Both slim-pr<strong>of</strong>ile double glazing and secondary<br />
glazing provide good options to improve <strong>the</strong> <strong>the</strong>rmal<br />
performance <strong>of</strong> traditional sash and case windows. Each<br />
option provides <strong>the</strong> opportunity to retain, and re-glaze,<br />
existing sashes. In situations where existing glass is <strong>of</strong><br />
special historic or architectural interest and replacement<br />
is considered not acceptable, secondary glazing will<br />
allow for its retention whilst still providing <strong>the</strong>rmal<br />
improvements to a high standard.<br />
However, <strong>the</strong> <strong>the</strong>rmal performance is only one<br />
factor, and o<strong>the</strong>r factors, such as appearance, cost or<br />
practicalities, were not considered in this research.<br />
Which energy efficiency measure is best suited to a<br />
particular location will still need careful consideration<br />
on a case-by-case basis.<br />
For listed buildings, or buildings in <strong>conservation</strong><br />
areas, please discuss <strong>the</strong> installation <strong>of</strong> slim-pr<strong>of</strong>ile<br />
double glazing and secondary glazing with <strong>the</strong><br />
planning <strong>of</strong>ficer at your local council.<br />
Carsten Hermann<br />
Senior Technical Officer<br />
<strong>Historic</strong> <strong>Scotland</strong><br />
carsten.Hermann@scotland.gsi.gov.uk<br />
<strong>Historic</strong> <strong>Scotland</strong> 2011 | FOCUS<br />
17
Holyrood Abbey stone <strong>conservation</strong><br />
At <strong>the</strong> height <strong>of</strong> its glory, <strong>the</strong> 12th century Abbey at Holyrood was <strong>the</strong> Chapel Royal to <strong>the</strong> Scottish court which<br />
saw Royal weddings and coronations. It fell into disrepair and ruin following <strong>the</strong> court’s move south to London<br />
and <strong>the</strong> Reformation. Its iconic status is internationally recognised by its inclusion within <strong>the</strong> Edinburgh world<br />
heritage site.<br />
At <strong>the</strong> height <strong>of</strong> its glory, <strong>the</strong> 12th century Abbey at<br />
Holyrood was <strong>the</strong> Chapel Royal to <strong>the</strong> Scottish court<br />
which saw Royal weddings and coronations. It fell into<br />
disrepair and ruin following <strong>the</strong> court’s move south<br />
to London and <strong>the</strong> Reformation. Its iconic status is<br />
internationally recognised by its inclusion within <strong>the</strong><br />
Edinburgh world heritage site.<br />
Attempts to preserve or even restore <strong>the</strong> abbey ruins<br />
have been going on since <strong>the</strong> 19th century at least,<br />
and various stages <strong>of</strong> repair work are visible throughout<br />
<strong>the</strong> abbey. Following a condition survey <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Abbey<br />
entrances in 2009, a 3-phased programme <strong>of</strong> stone<br />
<strong>conservation</strong> to <strong>the</strong>se areas is to be undertaken over<br />
3 years, commencing 2010-11.<br />
Detail <strong>of</strong> fractured tracery on west entrance arch.<br />
The urgent need for such works became more apparent<br />
when carved ornament detached and fell from <strong>the</strong> west<br />
entrance arch during <strong>the</strong> first sharp frost <strong>of</strong> Autumn<br />
2010. Immediate emergency works were carried out<br />
during which <strong>the</strong> delicate stonework was temporarily<br />
streng<strong>the</strong>ned with reversible acrylic resin. Fragile areas<br />
were rendered in an acrylic mortar to prevent moisture<br />
ingress and frost action which could put <strong>the</strong>se areas<br />
at risk <strong>of</strong> loss. These temporary measures are designed<br />
to keep <strong>the</strong> masonry attached to <strong>the</strong> substrate while<br />
preparations are made for <strong>the</strong> planned full <strong>conservation</strong><br />
works to begin in <strong>the</strong> New Year. With <strong>the</strong> early onset<br />
<strong>of</strong> winter <strong>the</strong>se repairs have become all <strong>the</strong> more<br />
important.<br />
Laser scanning technology was used to obtain an<br />
accurate 3-dimensional record <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> remaining west<br />
entrance ornament. The scanner used for this survey is<br />
accurate to 4mm range; <strong>the</strong> data obtained from <strong>the</strong> scan<br />
provides a solid and accurate framework depicting <strong>the</strong><br />
whole structure, and could be used to create an accurate<br />
replica <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> arch and much <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> carved detail that<br />
remains. This archive record can also be used as a<br />
benchmark against which future scans <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> arch can<br />
be compared. Following planned consolidation works,<br />
it is proposed to use a close range Perceptron scanner to<br />
add sub millimetre data<br />
to this record.<br />
Centuries <strong>of</strong> soot and pollution have led to <strong>the</strong> formation<br />
<strong>of</strong> an impervious sulphate crust on most <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> ruins<br />
surfaces. The sulphate crust traps salts and moisture in<br />
<strong>the</strong> stones, causing surface blistering or spalling. Hard<br />
cement pointing has led to <strong>the</strong> preferential erosion <strong>of</strong><br />
joints and previous plastic repairs were supported by<br />
ferrous fixings which are now failing and damaging<br />
surrounding stonework. The fully undercut tracery on<br />
<strong>the</strong> west entrance is particularly at risk as <strong>the</strong> carved<br />
18 FOCUS | <strong>Historic</strong> <strong>Scotland</strong> 2011
Laser scanned image <strong>of</strong> west entrance - November 2010<br />
detail is only attached to <strong>the</strong> substrate by thin ‘legs’.<br />
These are now so severely wea<strong>the</strong>red and <strong>of</strong>ten cracked<br />
or s<strong>of</strong>t that <strong>the</strong>y are at risk <strong>of</strong> becoming detached and<br />
falling <strong>of</strong>f <strong>the</strong> arch.<br />
The planned <strong>conservation</strong> works comprise reducing<br />
<strong>the</strong> pollution crust to improve <strong>the</strong> permeability <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
substrate. This will be achieved most gently with a laser<br />
cleaner, or steam cleaning and/or micro air abrasive<br />
methods may be required. Friable surfaces will be<br />
desalinated and <strong>the</strong>n consolidated by re-introducing<br />
lost quartz binder. Loose tracery will be re-attached to<br />
<strong>the</strong> consolidated substrate using non-ferrous fixings and<br />
reversible adhesive resins. All exposed ferrous metals<br />
and harmful cement pointing will be removed where<br />
possible and re-pointing will be carried out with a<br />
suitable lime mortar.<br />
The <strong>conservation</strong> programme will include <strong>the</strong> east and<br />
west entrances and <strong>the</strong> east gable, starting with <strong>the</strong><br />
ornate west entrance as it is suffering <strong>the</strong> worst decay.<br />
As with every major building, all aspects <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> building<br />
will require regular <strong>conservation</strong> in addition to regular<br />
maintenance work and this is likely to be only <strong>the</strong><br />
beginning or ra<strong>the</strong>r an ongoing phase <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> continual<br />
<strong>conservation</strong> <strong>of</strong> Holyrood Abbey.<br />
Nira Ponniah<br />
District Architect<br />
<strong>Historic</strong> <strong>Scotland</strong><br />
nira.ponniah@scotland.gsi.gov.uk<br />
Christa Gerdwilker<br />
Conservator<br />
<strong>Historic</strong> <strong>Scotland</strong><br />
christa.gerdwilker@scotland.gsi.gov.uk<br />
James Hepher<br />
Surveyor / Spatial Analyst<br />
<strong>Historic</strong> <strong>Scotland</strong><br />
<strong>Historic</strong> <strong>Scotland</strong> 2011 | FOCUS<br />
19
Thermal survey at<br />
Hill House, Helensburgh<br />
Charles Rennie Mackintosh’s Hill House sits high above Helensburgh with fine views to <strong>the</strong> south over <strong>the</strong> Clyde.<br />
Completed in 1903 as a family home, <strong>the</strong> house, its interior fittings, decoration and much <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> present furniture<br />
was commissioned from Mackintosh and Margaret Macdonald by Walter Blackie <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Glasgow publishing firm.<br />
Asymmetrical and modern in appearance, <strong>the</strong> exterior echoes aspects <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> style <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Scottish tower house.<br />
It has been restored and maintained by <strong>the</strong> National Trust for <strong>Scotland</strong> (NTS) since 1982.<br />
In common with many buildings where external<br />
harling is cement-based, Hill House has suffered longestablished<br />
damp problems which threaten <strong>the</strong> historic<br />
interior fittings, furnishings and decoration. At <strong>the</strong><br />
request <strong>of</strong> NTS, <strong>Historic</strong> <strong>Scotland</strong> carried out a <strong>the</strong>rmal<br />
survey <strong>of</strong> problematic areas <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> interior and exterior<br />
in <strong>the</strong> summer <strong>of</strong> 2010 to inform <strong>the</strong> NTS approach<br />
to tackling <strong>the</strong> damp problem. A <strong>the</strong>rmal survey can<br />
locate sub-surface damp in a structure by visualising<br />
temperature variations caused by moisture evaporation<br />
or trapping <strong>of</strong> moisture below <strong>the</strong> surface.<br />
On <strong>the</strong> south-facing external wall, <strong>the</strong>rmal imaging<br />
located concentrations <strong>of</strong> moisture below <strong>the</strong> harling –<br />
South<br />
20 FOCUS | <strong>Historic</strong> <strong>Scotland</strong> 2011
solar heat is better retained by sub-surface water than<br />
by dry masonry. These broadly coincided with areas <strong>of</strong><br />
dampness detected in internal rooms. At <strong>the</strong> east end <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> south elevation, moisture retention patterns above<br />
ground floor level suggested water ingress through wall<br />
heads and possibly also through cracks in <strong>the</strong> harling. In<br />
o<strong>the</strong>r locations moisture penetration patterns indicate<br />
<strong>the</strong> presence <strong>of</strong> rising damp. As <strong>the</strong>re had been no heavy<br />
rain in <strong>the</strong> two weeks preceding <strong>the</strong> <strong>the</strong>rmal survey,<br />
<strong>the</strong>se patches <strong>of</strong> dampness implied significant saturation<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> structure below <strong>the</strong> harling. The <strong>the</strong>rmal evidence<br />
suggested that moisture penetration problems were<br />
most probably due to rainwater penetration behind <strong>the</strong><br />
harling through cracks, defects at wall heads or from<br />
rising damp, exacerbated by <strong>the</strong> inability <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> structure<br />
to dry out adequately due to <strong>the</strong> relative impermeability<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> cement-based harling.<br />
The findings from <strong>the</strong> <strong>the</strong>rmal survey will be used by<br />
<strong>the</strong> NTS to help establish an appropriate repair and<br />
maintenance strategy for <strong>the</strong> property. As Mackintosh’s<br />
commission at The Hill House embraced all aspects <strong>of</strong><br />
its design, included much <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> internal decoration<br />
and furniture, any future strategy will have to balance<br />
how best <strong>the</strong> aes<strong>the</strong>tics <strong>of</strong> his exterior are preserved,<br />
while also considering how this impacts <strong>the</strong> ongoing<br />
management <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> interiors.<br />
With thanks to <strong>the</strong> National Trust for <strong>Scotland</strong> Buildings<br />
team.<br />
Maureen Young<br />
Scientist<br />
<strong>Historic</strong> <strong>Scotland</strong><br />
maureen.young@scotland.gsi.gov.uk<br />
Thermal image <strong>of</strong> external wall <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> first floor room.<br />
Colder (purple) areas show location <strong>of</strong> dampness on internal surfaces.<br />
Thermal image towards east end <strong>of</strong> south elevation. Warmer (red) areas<br />
mainly represent regions where moisture is retained below <strong>the</strong> harling.<br />
<strong>Historic</strong> <strong>Scotland</strong> 2011 | FOCUS<br />
21
Photo 1 – Restorer during <strong>the</strong> retouching phase.
The restoration <strong>of</strong> The Baptism<br />
<strong>of</strong> Christ (1958)<br />
During Summer 2010 <strong>Historic</strong> <strong>Scotland</strong> paintings conservators Ailsa Murray and Damiana Magris carried out<br />
<strong>the</strong> restoration <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> mural painting The Baptism <strong>of</strong> Christ, painted in 1958 by Zeljco Kujundzic (1920-2003).<br />
The mural is located on <strong>the</strong> north wall <strong>of</strong> St. Mahew’s Chapel in Cardross (Dunbartonshire). We undertook <strong>the</strong><br />
restoration work due to <strong>the</strong> <strong>the</strong> critical condition <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> painting and <strong>the</strong> international importance <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> artist.<br />
The investigation <strong>of</strong> samples was commissioned by Northumbria University for <strong>the</strong> identification <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> material<br />
and <strong>the</strong> technique used by <strong>the</strong> artist.<br />
The artist<br />
Zeljko Kujundzic was a sculptor and a painter whose<br />
works have been included in exhibitions across Europe,<br />
Japan and North America. Kujundzic, who was born in<br />
Subotica (ex Yugoslavia, now Serbia) in 1920, came from<br />
a family <strong>of</strong> artists and craftsmen. He began his artistic<br />
training in Yugoslavia and continued to study painting<br />
at <strong>the</strong> Academy <strong>of</strong> Fine Art in Venice (Italy) from 1939<br />
to 1940, and afterwards in Hungary. During WWII he<br />
was imprisoned first by <strong>the</strong> Germans, and <strong>the</strong>n by <strong>the</strong><br />
Russians, but after escaping from both he eventually<br />
returned to Budapest (Hungary) where he completed<br />
his studies at <strong>the</strong> Royal College <strong>of</strong> Art between 1941<br />
and 1944; and <strong>the</strong>n took a post-graduate course in<br />
<strong>the</strong> Department <strong>of</strong> Fine Art at <strong>the</strong> University from<br />
1944 to 1946.<br />
Photo 2 – General view <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> mural painting before <strong>the</strong> restoration work.<br />
Photo 3 – General view <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> mural painting after <strong>the</strong> restoration work.<br />
<strong>Historic</strong> <strong>Scotland</strong> 2011 | FOCUS<br />
23
In 1947 he escaped from Hungary to Austria and <strong>the</strong>n<br />
obtained asylum in England. He later married and settled<br />
in Edinburgh, where he lived until 1958. He was part <strong>of</strong><br />
a lively Scottish art scene and <strong>of</strong>ten exhibited in church<br />
arts venues in Edinburgh. Moreover, he realised several<br />
works <strong>of</strong> art commissioned by <strong>the</strong> Catholic Church,<br />
including <strong>the</strong> mural at St Mahew’s Chapel, which is<br />
probably one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> last works he carried out while in <strong>the</strong><br />
UK. At some point in 1958 he moved to Canada where<br />
he founded and directed <strong>the</strong> Kootenay School <strong>of</strong> Fine<br />
Arts. He was also Head <strong>of</strong> Pennsylvania State University’s<br />
Art Department, retiring with emeritus rank. In America<br />
he worked out <strong>of</strong> two studios, one in <strong>the</strong> small North<br />
Central Washington community, <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r in Osoyoos,<br />
British Columbia.<br />
His art was influenced by Native American art and<br />
ceramics: “I create with awareness <strong>of</strong> a vast heritage <strong>of</strong><br />
art from which I draw my technical expertise. This knowhow,<br />
integrated with curiosity and responsiveness to<br />
life as I observe it in 20th Century America, is <strong>the</strong> source<br />
from which my forms and imagery emerge. The centre<br />
<strong>of</strong> my explorations is not only <strong>the</strong> human figure but <strong>the</strong><br />
human condition. Therefore, my art is expression <strong>of</strong> my<br />
yearning for growth and my ambition for change[…]”.<br />
He was always supporting <strong>the</strong> integration <strong>of</strong> cultures<br />
to gain a universal language, as he said “Art must be<br />
universally comprehensive so that <strong>the</strong> artist’s message<br />
is conveyed to as much <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> human race as possible.<br />
Art can be <strong>the</strong> greatest unifying force in <strong>the</strong> modern<br />
world, breaking down cultural and racial barriers,<br />
and exalting <strong>the</strong> highest human values, and to do<br />
this it must be a comprehensive exponent <strong>of</strong> its age.<br />
This achievement will come as a result <strong>of</strong> a fusion <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> tradition and refinement <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> orient with <strong>the</strong><br />
sophistication <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> west”.<br />
Description<br />
The painting represents The Baptism <strong>of</strong> Jesus (see<br />
photo 2); one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> most recognizable images in<br />
Christian art. The episode, which is described in all<br />
four canonical Gospels, marks <strong>the</strong> beginning <strong>of</strong> Jesus’<br />
public life. The images in <strong>the</strong> Baptism are relatively<br />
standardised: John <strong>the</strong> Baptist and Jesus, <strong>the</strong> Holy Spirit<br />
in <strong>the</strong> form <strong>of</strong> a dove. The descent <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Holy Spirit is<br />
combined with <strong>the</strong> act <strong>of</strong> baptism.<br />
In Kujundzic’s painting Jesus is standing in <strong>the</strong> Jordan,<br />
up to his knees in water, in a frontal pose with his arms<br />
folded, an expression <strong>of</strong> submission to <strong>the</strong> will <strong>of</strong> God.<br />
John <strong>the</strong> Baptist raises his right hand in <strong>the</strong> action <strong>of</strong><br />
pouring water onto Jesus’ head, with <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r hand he<br />
holds <strong>the</strong> slender cross. The Holy Spirit descends in <strong>the</strong><br />
form <strong>of</strong> a dove. Three stylized mountain peaks separate<br />
<strong>the</strong> cosmic sphere from <strong>the</strong> earth. At <strong>the</strong> top right <strong>the</strong><br />
artist’s signature is visible (<strong>the</strong> first letters are missing),<br />
dated 1958 (see photo 4).<br />
Technique<br />
The analysis <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> two samples, commissioned by<br />
Northumbria University, has identified <strong>the</strong> binding<br />
media as casein. Both cross-sections show several<br />
Photo 6 – Detail <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> cross showing <strong>the</strong> active flaking <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> paint layer<br />
and <strong>the</strong> areas <strong>of</strong> loss<br />
Photo 4 – Detail showing <strong>the</strong> signature and date.<br />
Photo 5 – Cross-section <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> paint sample from <strong>the</strong> sky.<br />
24 FOCUS | <strong>Historic</strong> <strong>Scotland</strong> 2011
Photo 7 – Restorer during <strong>the</strong> readhesion <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> paint layer; application <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> glue using a s<strong>of</strong>t brush and japanese tissue.<br />
Photo 8 – Detail on racking light during <strong>the</strong> readhesion <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> paint layer.<br />
On <strong>the</strong> left side <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> picture <strong>the</strong> paint layer before <strong>the</strong> application <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
glue and on <strong>the</strong> right after <strong>the</strong> treatment.<br />
Photos 9, 10 and 11 – Detail <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> lower area before <strong>the</strong> retouching phase (left); during <strong>the</strong> retouching phase, where <strong>the</strong> visible retouching has been used (centre);<br />
and after <strong>the</strong> retouching phase (right).<br />
continuous thin layers <strong>of</strong> paint with <strong>the</strong> following<br />
sequence (see photo 5):<br />
a) grey ground – a mixture <strong>of</strong> chalk and clay;<br />
b) followed by a white layer – a mixture <strong>of</strong> chalk,<br />
blank fixe and tin oxide;<br />
c) and a pale blue layer – white pigment and a small<br />
amount <strong>of</strong> blue-green pigment;<br />
d) a coating <strong>of</strong> wax (a mixture <strong>of</strong> paraffin and natural<br />
wax) is present on top <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> sections.<br />
The mural is painted onto a lath and plaster substrate,<br />
and <strong>the</strong> paint layer was applied onto <strong>the</strong> plaster support<br />
when this was already dried using a casein binder media.<br />
A final coat <strong>of</strong> wax was applied, probably to reach a<br />
deeper general tone.<br />
Condition<br />
Although <strong>the</strong> plaster support appears dry, with no signs<br />
<strong>of</strong> infiltrations, in <strong>the</strong> upper area <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> painting <strong>the</strong>re<br />
was an active flaking <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> paint layer (see photo 6),<br />
and a conspicuous loss <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> paint layer and <strong>the</strong> ground<br />
preparation was visible all over, particularly in <strong>the</strong> lower<br />
area (see photo 2). This suggests that <strong>the</strong> poor condition<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> painting was mainly due to <strong>the</strong> material and <strong>the</strong><br />
technique used, ra<strong>the</strong>r than from an <strong>env</strong><strong>ironment</strong>al issue.<br />
Treatment<br />
The paint layer was re-adhered to <strong>the</strong> support using a<br />
natural glue. The water-based solution was applied by<br />
brush onto <strong>the</strong> surface. A japanese tissue (see photo<br />
7) was temporarily applied to prevent fur<strong>the</strong>r loss <strong>of</strong><br />
material while <strong>the</strong> flaked paint was re-adhered (see<br />
photo 8). A <strong>the</strong>rmo-regulated hot spatula was used to<br />
help <strong>the</strong> flattening <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> lifted paint layer.<br />
The major issue was related to <strong>the</strong> retouching phase,<br />
which was carried out using reversible colours –<br />
watercolours – (see photo 1). The extensive loss <strong>of</strong><br />
original paint had made <strong>the</strong> legibility <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> painting very<br />
difficult, in particular <strong>the</strong> lower area. Consequently, <strong>the</strong><br />
object <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> retouching was to reconstitute <strong>the</strong> missing<br />
portions <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> painting in order to make it legible,<br />
always remembering that <strong>the</strong> retouching must restore<br />
<strong>the</strong> legibility <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> work while being confined strictly<br />
to <strong>the</strong> actual area <strong>of</strong> missing original paint (see photo<br />
9, photo 10, and photo 11). Two different approaches<br />
were adopted to achieve <strong>the</strong> final result: in smaller<br />
losses deceptive retouching was used, whereas in areas <strong>of</strong><br />
extensive loss and mainly in <strong>the</strong> lower part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> mural<br />
visible retouching – chromatic selection was used.<br />
Damiana Magris<br />
Conservator<br />
<strong>Historic</strong> <strong>Scotland</strong><br />
damiana.magris@scotland.gsi.gov.uk<br />
<strong>Historic</strong> <strong>Scotland</strong> 2011 | FOCUS<br />
25
Kilmichael Cross at<br />
Poltalloch Church<br />
Earlier this year <strong>the</strong> Applied Conservation<br />
team undertook <strong>the</strong> <strong>conservation</strong> <strong>of</strong> this<br />
neglected but very fine late medieval cross.<br />
Following its <strong>conservation</strong> it was returned<br />
to Kilmartin House Museum in Kilmartin<br />
in June 2010.<br />
The cross has had an eventful history prior<br />
to it being placed at Poltalloch Church in <strong>the</strong><br />
old burial ground in 1858. The shaft <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
cross was originally discovered <strong>built</strong> into<br />
<strong>the</strong> fabric <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> old church at Kilmichael<br />
<strong>of</strong> Glassery when <strong>the</strong> building was being<br />
dismantled in 1827. Later <strong>the</strong> head <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> cross was also discovered in a nearby<br />
field. The head and shaft <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> cross were<br />
clamped toge<strong>the</strong>r using iron bands and<br />
it was erected outside <strong>the</strong> churchyard in<br />
Kilmichael, however it was <strong>the</strong>n moved to<br />
<strong>the</strong> private burial ground on <strong>the</strong> Poltalloch<br />
estate <strong>built</strong> into a modern base where it<br />
remained until earlier this year.<br />
The cross is carved from chlorite schist<br />
and <strong>the</strong> work is attributed to <strong>the</strong> Loch Awe<br />
school <strong>of</strong> carvers. It measures approximately<br />
1.8 metres in height although this is not its<br />
original height having been shortened as<br />
part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> repair process undertaken in<br />
<strong>the</strong> 19th Century.<br />
Prior to removal 2010.<br />
The carving depicts on one side <strong>the</strong><br />
crucifixion occupying <strong>the</strong> disc-head and<br />
below this on <strong>the</strong> shaft an interlace design.<br />
On <strong>the</strong> reverse <strong>the</strong> head <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> cross and<br />
shaft are carved with fur<strong>the</strong>r interlace and<br />
scrollwork. Unfortunately as part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
previous restoration work undertaken to<br />
join <strong>the</strong> shaft and head <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> cross, heavy<br />
iron bands were attached to both faces<br />
cutting through much <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> carved detail.<br />
26 FOCUS | <strong>Historic</strong> <strong>Scotland</strong> 2011
The project to move <strong>the</strong> cross and undertake its<br />
<strong>conservation</strong> was primarily driven by concerns over <strong>the</strong><br />
stability <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> cross and damage being caused by <strong>the</strong><br />
corroding iron bands. However <strong>the</strong>re was also a local<br />
desire to return it to its site <strong>of</strong> origin at Kilmichael <strong>of</strong><br />
Glassery and make it more accessible to visitors.<br />
A <strong>conservation</strong> inspection was first undertaken in 2000<br />
where concerns were raised about <strong>the</strong> condition <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
carving and <strong>the</strong> general stability <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> cross. In 2005<br />
a comprehensive condition survey was prepared in<br />
advance <strong>of</strong> securing funds and considering <strong>conservation</strong><br />
options. The main recommendations <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> report<br />
were that <strong>the</strong> cross be removed from site in order to<br />
allow <strong>the</strong> removal <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> wrought iron bands and <strong>the</strong><br />
consolidation <strong>of</strong> vulnerable and friable areas <strong>of</strong> carving.<br />
It was suggested that <strong>the</strong> cross be redisplayed under<br />
cover or in a community building where its long term<br />
preservation would be assured.<br />
Excavation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> foundation.<br />
In 2009 Kilmartin House Museum secured funding for<br />
<strong>the</strong> work through <strong>the</strong> ‘Dalriada Project’ and identified<br />
a new home for <strong>the</strong> cross at <strong>the</strong> museum in Kilmartin.<br />
Whilst <strong>the</strong>re was a desire to relocate <strong>the</strong> cross to <strong>the</strong><br />
local church in Kilmichael <strong>of</strong> Glassery, agreement could<br />
not be reached on an ideal location and as such it was<br />
thought that <strong>the</strong> museum would provide a good<br />
interim solution to <strong>the</strong> problem.<br />
Reinforcing bar through <strong>the</strong> shaft.<br />
Work to remove <strong>the</strong> cross from site commenced in<br />
February 2010. An aluminium lifting frame was erected<br />
over <strong>the</strong> cross to provide temporary support for <strong>the</strong><br />
cross whilst <strong>the</strong> mortar joint at <strong>the</strong> base <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> cross was<br />
excavated. Specialist equipment was used to carefully<br />
loosen <strong>the</strong> mortar around <strong>the</strong> base following which hand<br />
tools were utilised to cut out <strong>the</strong> remaining material.<br />
As part <strong>of</strong> this work an iron bar was discovered passing<br />
through <strong>the</strong> face <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> cross below <strong>the</strong> line <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
mortar joint. This was cut through on ei<strong>the</strong>r side to allow<br />
<strong>the</strong> cross to be lifted using <strong>the</strong> aluminium gantry. It was<br />
lifted out <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> socket and lowered onto ‘neoprene’<br />
protection before being moved on a manual truck and<br />
secured in <strong>the</strong> back <strong>of</strong> a van for transit to Edinburgh.<br />
The substantial 19th century base was left as found<br />
given <strong>the</strong> lack <strong>of</strong> space for it on <strong>the</strong> new site identified<br />
for <strong>the</strong> cross.<br />
The cross lifted from its socket (above).<br />
Note <strong>the</strong> staining following <strong>the</strong> removal <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> iron bars (below).<br />
Something which had not been encountered before<br />
was a brief ceremony conducted by a church minister<br />
and members <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> local community to bless <strong>the</strong> cross<br />
before it was moved. This involved a bowl <strong>of</strong> holy water<br />
and a sprig <strong>of</strong> boxwood dousing <strong>the</strong> cross on its four<br />
sides by each person in attendance!<br />
At <strong>Historic</strong> <strong>Scotland</strong>’s <strong>conservation</strong> centre in Edinburgh<br />
<strong>the</strong> cross was re-erected in a temporary socket to allow<br />
<strong>Historic</strong> <strong>Scotland</strong> 2011 | FOCUS<br />
27
Old cement repairs being removed prior to consolidation and repair.<br />
both faces to be properly examined and recorded. Work<br />
<strong>the</strong>n commenced to remove <strong>the</strong> ferrous bars from ei<strong>the</strong>r<br />
face. The method adopted was to initially drill <strong>the</strong> heads<br />
<strong>of</strong>f <strong>the</strong> eight rivets or screws securing <strong>the</strong> bars through<br />
<strong>the</strong> stone. Having provided support for <strong>the</strong> head <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
cross from an overhead crane <strong>the</strong> bars were carefully<br />
removed from <strong>the</strong> face <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> stone. Considerable ferrous<br />
residue and staining <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> stone was revealed where<br />
extensive corrosion <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> bars had taken place. Areas<br />
<strong>of</strong> cement mortar repair were revealed around fractures<br />
between <strong>the</strong> head and shaft which had to be cut back to<br />
allow <strong>the</strong> two sections to be separated.<br />
The sections <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> cross were <strong>the</strong>n laid flat to allow<br />
work to commence on <strong>the</strong> ferrous residue initially using<br />
hand tools to carefully pluck <strong>the</strong> heaviest deposits away.<br />
A YAG laser was <strong>the</strong>n used to remove <strong>the</strong> staining that<br />
had been absorbed into <strong>the</strong> pore structure <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> stone<br />
as this would not respond to o<strong>the</strong>r treatment. Included<br />
in this work was <strong>the</strong> removal <strong>of</strong> biological growth to<br />
allow a detailed examination <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> surface prior to<br />
consolidation work.<br />
Removal <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> ferrous staining using a YAG laser.<br />
As part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> more detailed examination it was noticed<br />
that <strong>the</strong> head <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> cross and <strong>the</strong> top <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> shaft did<br />
not line up well. This discrepancy was down to <strong>the</strong> fact<br />
that a significant portion <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> shaft had been removed<br />
as part <strong>of</strong> 19th century reconstruction. The cross was<br />
<strong>the</strong>n re-erected in <strong>the</strong> studio with support to <strong>the</strong> head<br />
which was not permanently attached to <strong>the</strong> base at this<br />
stage. It was thought it would make placing <strong>the</strong> cross in<br />
its new location easier if <strong>the</strong> head were attached insitu<br />
on its return to Kilmartin.<br />
Laser cleaning in progress (above).<br />
Post <strong>conservation</strong> with new collar stone (below).<br />
Repairs were undertaken to secure friable fragments<br />
and to replace areas where cement had been previously<br />
removed. The holes where <strong>the</strong> metal pins had been<br />
removed were also filled. In both cases an acrylic mortar<br />
was prepared using fine chlorite schist aggregate<br />
derived from specially crushed stone <strong>of</strong> a type found<br />
in Argyll. Areas <strong>of</strong> hairline fracturing were injected<br />
with acrylic resin in solvents to stabilise <strong>the</strong> surface.<br />
A decision was made not to infill and recreate <strong>the</strong> areas<br />
where <strong>the</strong> ornament had been removed. In discussion<br />
with <strong>the</strong> director <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> museum it was decided that<br />
this should be left to show <strong>the</strong> earlier intervention and<br />
not to cover up what was at <strong>the</strong> time thought to be<br />
acceptable intervention.<br />
A schist collar stone was prepared for <strong>the</strong> base <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> cross<br />
to a design commonly found with this type and period<br />
<strong>of</strong> monument. The purpose <strong>of</strong> this stone to conceal <strong>the</strong><br />
concrete foundation and give a suitable finish around its<br />
base. The stone was sourced from a farm near Kilmichael<br />
and kindly donated by <strong>the</strong> owner for this purpose.<br />
28 FOCUS | <strong>Historic</strong> <strong>Scotland</strong> 2011
The cross was returned to Kilmartin in June 2010.<br />
Two concrete slabs were removed from <strong>the</strong> entrance<br />
area <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> museum and hole excavated in preparation<br />
for a concrete foundation.<br />
A timber shutter was prepared to fit <strong>the</strong> hole with<br />
a polystyrene block in <strong>the</strong> centre to form <strong>the</strong> socket<br />
for <strong>the</strong> cross. A concrete base was initially prepared to<br />
support <strong>the</strong> timber shutter incorporating stainless steel<br />
reinforcing rods evenly spaced around <strong>the</strong> edges. Rapid<br />
curing concrete was <strong>the</strong>n poured into <strong>the</strong> shutter around<br />
<strong>the</strong> polystyrene block, screeded and left overnight to<br />
cure. Following this <strong>the</strong> polystyrene block was removed<br />
leaving <strong>the</strong> socket ready to accept <strong>the</strong> cross shaft.<br />
Timber shutter for <strong>the</strong> new concrete base.<br />
The cross shaft was placed in <strong>the</strong> socket with a PVC<br />
membrane applied around <strong>the</strong> base to isolate it from <strong>the</strong><br />
socket. Timber wedges were used to provide temporary<br />
support whilst a special fast setting bedding mortar<br />
was poured into <strong>the</strong> socket. This was based on dental<br />
plaster gauged with course concrete sand. This weak<br />
composition is designed to allow <strong>the</strong> cross to be moved<br />
at a later date without too much difficulty.<br />
Concrete base prepared to accept <strong>the</strong> cross.<br />
The base stone was <strong>the</strong>n lowered over <strong>the</strong> shaft and<br />
pointed with lime mortar. Ornamental gravel was placed<br />
around <strong>the</strong> base over a ‘teram’ sheet to provide a suitable<br />
finish around <strong>the</strong> base and to discourage visitors getting<br />
too close to <strong>the</strong> cross.<br />
The head <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> cross was <strong>the</strong>n attached using a<br />
thyxotropic polyester resin combined with two threaded<br />
dowels utilising two <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> existing holes from <strong>the</strong><br />
previous iron band supports. The joints were finally<br />
pointed with a colour matched acrylic resin mortar<br />
mixed with schist dust.<br />
The cross is now in a stable condition and in its current<br />
position afforded considerable protection from <strong>the</strong><br />
elements. Visitors to Kilmartin House Museum are<br />
now greeted by <strong>the</strong> cross which is <strong>the</strong> first exhibit<br />
encountered on arrival at <strong>the</strong> entrance.<br />
Acknowledgement should go to team <strong>of</strong> three involved<br />
in this project which apart from myself included<br />
Alan McKenzie and Thomas Goodlet. Also thanks to<br />
Sharon Webb <strong>of</strong> Kilmartin House Museum, <strong>the</strong> local<br />
community for <strong>the</strong>ir support and <strong>the</strong> ‘Dalriada Project’<br />
for providing funding.<br />
Weak plaster infill and d.p.m. (above).<br />
Completed presentation (below).<br />
Stephen Gordon<br />
Head <strong>of</strong> Applied Conservation<br />
<strong>Historic</strong> <strong>Scotland</strong><br />
stephen.gordon@scotland.gsi.gov.uk<br />
<strong>Historic</strong> <strong>Scotland</strong> 2011 | FOCUS<br />
29
Conservation heating –<br />
Kinneil House<br />
Kinneil House was <strong>the</strong> 16th Century Palace <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Earl <strong>of</strong> Arran and retains much <strong>of</strong> its fine wall decoration on<br />
<strong>the</strong> walls <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> two principal first floor rooms, only revealed below later additions in 1936. The Earl <strong>of</strong> Arran was<br />
Regent <strong>of</strong> <strong>Scotland</strong> at <strong>the</strong> time and had <strong>the</strong> public purse at his disposal, so only <strong>the</strong> best would do. The scenes<br />
take place within trompe-l’oeil frames with highly ornate friezes and also feature <strong>the</strong> heraldic arms <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> mighty<br />
Dukes <strong>of</strong> Hamilton, <strong>Scotland</strong>’s premier noble family. Some <strong>of</strong> this was replaced in 1634 by <strong>the</strong> artist Valentine<br />
Jenkin who had also completed <strong>the</strong> repainting <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Chapel Royal at Stirling Castle.<br />
The house had been heated in <strong>the</strong> normal way to<br />
prevent mould, timber decay and damage to <strong>the</strong> wall<br />
paintings. Monitoring <strong>of</strong> temperature and relative<br />
humidity over <strong>the</strong> past few years revealed that <strong>the</strong><br />
<strong>env</strong><strong>ironment</strong> in <strong>the</strong> building was not ideal for <strong>the</strong> long<br />
term survival <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> wall paintings and that a more<br />
stable <strong>env</strong><strong>ironment</strong> would be desirable. There are no<br />
items <strong>of</strong> furniture, oil paintings or o<strong>the</strong>r fragile objects<br />
in <strong>the</strong> house, but <strong>the</strong> wall paintings and <strong>the</strong> fabric <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> building – stone, plaster and timber – require <strong>the</strong><br />
correct level <strong>of</strong> relative humidity.<br />
Relative humidity is a measure <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> amount <strong>of</strong> water<br />
vapour in air. 0% relative humidity is no water vapour,<br />
100% means <strong>the</strong> air is saturated and water vapour will<br />
readily condense onto surfaces. A range <strong>of</strong> 40% to 65% is<br />
<strong>the</strong> target for most <strong>Historic</strong> <strong>Scotland</strong> properties although<br />
this will depend on <strong>the</strong> specific property and what it<br />
contains. The wall paintings are more tolerant <strong>of</strong> a higher<br />
than usual level <strong>of</strong> relative humidity, up to a maximum<br />
<strong>of</strong> 80%.<br />
Installing a Hanwell controller.<br />
There are not many rooms to heat within Kinneil House<br />
and <strong>the</strong> boiler is a standard domestic oil-fired type.<br />
It was controlled by a <strong>the</strong>rmostat and a timer as most<br />
domestic boilers are. The heating was set to come on<br />
mornings and evenings for a few hours to keep <strong>the</strong><br />
building warm without using an excessive amount <strong>of</strong><br />
fuel. The <strong>the</strong>rmostat for <strong>the</strong> boiler was on <strong>the</strong> floor below<br />
<strong>the</strong> one where <strong>the</strong> wall paintings are, and so usually<br />
gave incorrect readings. It would have been preferable<br />
to locate <strong>the</strong> <strong>the</strong>rmostat in <strong>the</strong> same room in which <strong>the</strong><br />
heat was directed, but this had been avoided as it would<br />
have required drilling through <strong>the</strong> historic fabric <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> building.<br />
This inability to accurately control <strong>the</strong> heating had led<br />
to <strong>the</strong> following problems:<br />
• In warm wea<strong>the</strong>r <strong>the</strong> building became overheated<br />
as <strong>the</strong> timer would switch <strong>the</strong> heating on regardless,<br />
leading to low relative humidity and increased fuel use.<br />
• In very cold wea<strong>the</strong>r <strong>the</strong> building came perilously<br />
close to freezing point inside, leading to a risk <strong>of</strong> burst<br />
pipes, as <strong>the</strong> timer switched <strong>the</strong> heating <strong>of</strong>f too soon.<br />
• In variable wea<strong>the</strong>r <strong>the</strong>re were large fluctuations in<br />
relative humidity, risking <strong>the</strong> formation <strong>of</strong> salt crystals<br />
in and on <strong>the</strong> wall paintings and <strong>the</strong> possibility <strong>of</strong><br />
resultant damage.<br />
30 FOCUS | <strong>Historic</strong> <strong>Scotland</strong> 2011
3D cutaway illustration <strong>of</strong> Kinneil House<br />
General view <strong>of</strong> Kinneil House, located on <strong>the</strong> outskirts <strong>of</strong> Bo’ness<br />
Kinneil House is generally an unstaffed site with <strong>the</strong><br />
nearest depot at Blackness Castle, 15 minutes drive<br />
away. Changes to heater settings were difficult to make<br />
on a day to day basis. Because <strong>the</strong> site is unstaffed it<br />
was possible to keep temperatures quite low as heating<br />
to human comfort levels is not a requirement. Heating<br />
at Kinneil is only needed in order to control relative<br />
humidity and to prevent frost. The wall paintings are<br />
sensitive to <strong>the</strong> wrong relative humidity or to rapid<br />
changes in relative humidity, but are very unlikely to<br />
be damaged by temperatures above freezing point.<br />
Taking a lead from <strong>the</strong> National Trust for <strong>Scotland</strong>,<br />
at properties such as Hill <strong>of</strong> Tarvit or Broughton House,<br />
<strong>the</strong> use <strong>of</strong> a system <strong>of</strong> <strong>conservation</strong> heating to control<br />
<strong>the</strong> <strong>env</strong><strong>ironment</strong> inside <strong>the</strong> properties was investigated<br />
and <strong>the</strong>n adopted. A boiler is controlled by a humidity<br />
sensor (humidistat) ra<strong>the</strong>r than a temperature sensor<br />
(<strong>the</strong>rmostat). In effect <strong>the</strong> heating stays <strong>of</strong>f until <strong>the</strong><br />
relative humidity in <strong>the</strong> building rises above a set point.<br />
The sensor will turn <strong>the</strong> boiler on only when <strong>the</strong> relative<br />
humidity gets high. It will <strong>the</strong>n switch <strong>the</strong> boiler <strong>of</strong>f<br />
again once <strong>the</strong> heating has had <strong>the</strong> desired effect.<br />
This keeps relative humidity stable and no surplus<br />
heating is used. It is <strong>the</strong> most efficient and controlled<br />
way to heat a historic house with a historic collection<br />
but it does mean that <strong>the</strong> house stays very cool in <strong>the</strong><br />
winter months. Often heating will be to no more than<br />
10°C or 11°C in <strong>the</strong> coldest months. The system also<br />
has an automatic switch-on when <strong>the</strong> temperature falls<br />
below a set point, usually 5°C, to protect against frost.<br />
In December 2009, a Hanwell Instruments CH-3<br />
humidistat was fitted by electricians [previous page] as a<br />
direct replacement <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> previous timer and <strong>the</strong>rmostat.<br />
This humidistat is designed to receive a radio signal so a<br />
transmitting sensor was paired with <strong>the</strong> controller on <strong>the</strong><br />
boiler and <strong>the</strong>n placed adjacent to <strong>the</strong> wall paintings.<br />
This allowed monitoring <strong>of</strong> humidity in <strong>the</strong> correct<br />
rooms and removed <strong>the</strong> need to run any cables through<br />
<strong>the</strong> building or disturb <strong>the</strong> historic fabric.<br />
<strong>Historic</strong> <strong>Scotland</strong> 2011 | FOCUS<br />
31
Temperature ( o C)<br />
25<br />
20<br />
15<br />
10<br />
5<br />
0<br />
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100<br />
Relative Humidity (%)<br />
Before Intervention –<br />
December 2008 to November 2009<br />
Green band is <strong>the</strong> target for relative<br />
humidity (black point cloud)<br />
Temperature ( o C)<br />
25<br />
20<br />
15<br />
10<br />
5<br />
0<br />
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100<br />
Relative Humidity (%)<br />
Env<strong>ironment</strong>al Conditions - temperature and relative humidity graphs<br />
After Intervention –<br />
December 2009 to November 2010<br />
Green band is <strong>the</strong> target for relative<br />
humidity (black point cloud)<br />
Ongoing <strong>env</strong><strong>ironment</strong>al monitoring <strong>of</strong> temperature and relative humidity has allowed comparison over <strong>the</strong><br />
first year <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> new controller with <strong>the</strong> same period before <strong>the</strong> installation. The humidistat has proved to be<br />
remarkably successful from <strong>the</strong> point <strong>of</strong> view <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>env</strong><strong>ironment</strong> within <strong>the</strong> building. The charts [above] show<br />
<strong>the</strong> effectiveness <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> humidistat.<br />
The black point clouds are <strong>the</strong> actual readings and <strong>the</strong> green boxes are <strong>the</strong> target zones that have been set<br />
(range 70%-80% relative humidity and 5°C to 25°C). It is clear to see that <strong>the</strong> <strong>env</strong><strong>ironment</strong> is much improved<br />
since <strong>the</strong> installation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> humidistat. There are far fewer periods <strong>of</strong> overheating and low relative humidity<br />
that could cause salt crystallisation and damage. Very high relative humidity that could cause mould growth<br />
and timber decay has been avoided entirely. It is also noticeable that <strong>the</strong> minimum temperature is now kept<br />
safely above freezing. The heating system is now being used and controlled in a way that ensures <strong>the</strong> long term<br />
<strong>conservation</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> wall paintings.<br />
There have been two main benefits following <strong>the</strong> change <strong>of</strong> approach from temperature to humidity control <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> <strong>env</strong><strong>ironment</strong> within Kinneil House. The benefit to <strong>the</strong> fabric <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> building is explained above, but we have<br />
also seen a marked reduction in <strong>the</strong> quantity <strong>of</strong> fuel oil used by <strong>the</strong> boiler for <strong>the</strong> central heating system. This<br />
is because we are able to accept lower temperatures within <strong>the</strong> unoccupied building whilst being assured <strong>of</strong><br />
stable and acceptable humidity levels.<br />
Prior to installation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> humidistats, fuel oil usage was running at around 2500 litres every 4 to 6 weeks<br />
depending upon <strong>the</strong> season. Current usage is around 1200 litres every 8 to 10 weeks, a saving <strong>of</strong> up to 70%<br />
across <strong>the</strong> year. This amounts to a fuel cost saving <strong>of</strong> around £10,000 per annum and makes a meaningful<br />
contribution toward our energy efficiency targets.<br />
<strong>Historic</strong> <strong>Scotland</strong> works in partnership with <strong>the</strong> Friends <strong>of</strong> Kinneil to provide limited public opening. The House<br />
is cared for by <strong>Historic</strong> <strong>Scotland</strong><br />
Rob Thomson<br />
Preventive Conservator<br />
Adrian Cox<br />
Cultural Resources Advisor<br />
adrian.cox@scotland.gsi.gov.uk<br />
Robin Johnston<br />
Head <strong>of</strong> Pr<strong>of</strong>essional Resource Branch<br />
robin.johnston@scotland.gsi.gov.uk
Painted decoration in <strong>the</strong> Arbour Room<br />
<strong>Historic</strong> <strong>Scotland</strong> 2011 | FOCUS<br />
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Stirling Castle Palace Project<br />
We recently took a renowned historian round <strong>the</strong> palace at Stirling Castle for a sneak preview <strong>of</strong> our<br />
<strong>conservation</strong> and refurbishment works – he stopped, eyes wide, and said “wow!”. That’s <strong>the</strong> reaction we hope<br />
<strong>the</strong> public will have when <strong>the</strong> £12 million project is complete and <strong>the</strong> doors reopen.<br />
Our aim has been firstly to conserve and protect <strong>the</strong><br />
existing historic fabric <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> building and to return <strong>the</strong><br />
six royal apartments, within <strong>the</strong> palace commissioned by<br />
James V, to how <strong>the</strong>y may have looked at <strong>the</strong> height <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong>ir Renaissance magnificence in <strong>the</strong> mid 16th century.<br />
Just a few years ago <strong>the</strong> building, with its splendid<br />
external statues showing James himself alongside<br />
Classical gods, looked like little more than an<br />
ornate shell.<br />
The royal lodgings were bare-walled and anonymous<br />
after centuries <strong>of</strong> military use, <strong>the</strong> upper floor almost<br />
inaccessible. This was a poor situations for <strong>the</strong> finest,<br />
most complete Renaissance royal palace in Britain. It<br />
was also a place <strong>of</strong> historical drama – <strong>the</strong> childhood<br />
home <strong>of</strong> Mary, Queen <strong>of</strong> Scots before she was whisked<br />
away to France. And it was here that her remarkable<br />
mo<strong>the</strong>r, Mary <strong>of</strong> Guise, held court and began building<br />
<strong>the</strong> powerbase which ultimately saw her elevated to<br />
become regent <strong>of</strong> <strong>Scotland</strong>. Quite some achievement<br />
for a young French noblewoman, stranded in a factionridden<br />
foreign kingdom which was under attack from a<br />
powerful sou<strong>the</strong>rn neighbour, following <strong>the</strong> premature<br />
death <strong>of</strong> her 30-year-old husband in 1542.<br />
The palace, snug within <strong>the</strong> castle walls, was a place <strong>of</strong><br />
luxury, refinement, artistic beauty and endless plans,<br />
plots and intrigues. After <strong>the</strong> Stewarts decamped to<br />
England, <strong>the</strong> castle became a military base and from<br />
Costumed performer with <strong>the</strong> tapestries ‘The Unicorn is Found’ and ‘The Unicorn is Killed and Brought to <strong>the</strong> Castle’
Artist’s impression <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> King’s Presence Hall<br />
<strong>Historic</strong> <strong>Scotland</strong> 2011 | FOCUS<br />
35
1881 to 1964 was <strong>the</strong> training depot for The<br />
Argyll and Su<strong>the</strong>rland Highlanders. They used <strong>the</strong><br />
palace as canteen, library and an <strong>of</strong>ficers’ mess<br />
and quarters. Fortunately <strong>the</strong> army made few<br />
major structural changes, modifying or covering<br />
up <strong>the</strong> original fabric ra<strong>the</strong>r than tearing it out.<br />
That has allowed us to recover <strong>the</strong> past.<br />
The project is underpinned by huge amounts <strong>of</strong><br />
academic and archaeological research which has<br />
teased out fugitive clues as to what <strong>the</strong> interiors<br />
were once like.<br />
Most contemporary records have been<br />
destroyed but we have some surviving<br />
inventories, listing furniture and tapestries plus<br />
evidence from o<strong>the</strong>r royal and noble residences<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> period. A lot <strong>of</strong> Guise money and influence<br />
went into <strong>the</strong> palace – as one <strong>of</strong> Europe’s greatest<br />
noble houses, <strong>the</strong>y were determined to display<br />
<strong>the</strong>ir taste, wealth and power wherever family<br />
members established <strong>the</strong>mselves. To that end<br />
French painters, woodcarvers, stonemasons and<br />
o<strong>the</strong>rs were brought over by Mary and James<br />
to work alongside native craftsmen.<br />
<strong>Historic</strong> <strong>Scotland</strong> has invested over £1 million<br />
in employing some <strong>of</strong> today’s finest traditional<br />
decorative artists and craftsmen to redecorate<br />
<strong>the</strong> palace and make new furnishings and fittings.<br />
Many are from <strong>Scotland</strong>, but once again <strong>the</strong>re<br />
was input from France as it is still <strong>the</strong> home<br />
<strong>of</strong> some <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> best trompe l’oeil painters to<br />
be found.<br />
In fact, it was <strong>the</strong> sight <strong>of</strong> walls richly painted<br />
to look like <strong>the</strong>y were draped with sumptuous<br />
fabrics which prompted <strong>the</strong> historian’s<br />
admiration.<br />
Top: Artist’s impression <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Queen’s Presence Hall.<br />
Bottom: Detail <strong>of</strong> a unicorn which has been embroidered as part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Stirling Palace Project.<br />
Right now we are moving in superb furniture,<br />
including a large four-poster which will go in<br />
<strong>the</strong> Queen’s Bedchamber. Embroiderers are<br />
sewing beautiful cloths <strong>of</strong> estate carrying royal<br />
heraldry, <strong>the</strong> windows will contain heraldic<br />
stained glass, some floors will have carpets<br />
hand-knotted in Pakistan, and we have<br />
blacksmiths and carpenters at work on an<br />
array <strong>of</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r items. A separately-funded project<br />
involves hand-weaving seven huge tapestries,<br />
based on <strong>the</strong> 16th century Hunt <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Unicorn<br />
series in New York’s Metropolitan Museum <strong>of</strong><br />
Art. Each takes up to three years to create and<br />
<strong>the</strong> finished items will adorn <strong>the</strong> walls <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
Queen’s Inner Hall.
Artist painting <strong>the</strong> trompe-l’oeil fresco decoration on <strong>the</strong> wall.<br />
Replica Stirling Head number 20. This head, carved by John Donaldson,<br />
depicts a female Worthy, perhaps with a musical notation.<br />
For visitors <strong>the</strong> palace will be a ‘living’ experience with<br />
costumed performers showing <strong>the</strong>m round, sharing<br />
court gossip and intrigue. One thing <strong>the</strong>y will explain is<br />
why <strong>the</strong> queen’s three apartments are fully furnished,<br />
but <strong>the</strong> king’s are not – he died before <strong>the</strong> palace was<br />
complete and may never have moved in.<br />
Portrait <strong>of</strong> embroiderer, Mary McCarren, with <strong>the</strong> coat <strong>of</strong> arms which has<br />
been embroidered as part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Stirling Palace Project.<br />
But <strong>the</strong> King’s Inner Hall, intended as <strong>the</strong> chamber<br />
where <strong>the</strong> most important royal business was transacted,<br />
will be a highlight. This is because its ceiling is decorated<br />
with a replica set <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Stirling Heads, metre-wide<br />
oak roundels showing Scottish and European royals,<br />
Classical heroes, Roman emperors, as well as portraits<br />
<strong>of</strong> real people in James’ and Marys’ court. Nearly three<br />
dozen heads survive from <strong>the</strong> 16th century (<strong>the</strong>re<br />
were originally more) which stared down from this<br />
and o<strong>the</strong>r palace ceilings. The replicas have been a five<br />
years’ labour <strong>of</strong> love by local master-craftsman John<br />
Donaldson, whose care and quality <strong>of</strong> work epitomises<br />
<strong>the</strong> excellence <strong>of</strong> work throughout <strong>the</strong> palace project.<br />
The upper floor has been converted into a gallery where<br />
<strong>the</strong> original heads – sometimes known as <strong>Scotland</strong>’s<br />
o<strong>the</strong>r crown jewels – will be displayed.<br />
Woodcarver John Donaldson with <strong>the</strong> replica Stirling Heads which he carved.<br />
for our history and to attract visitors from around <strong>the</strong><br />
world, making a valuable contribution to <strong>the</strong> nation’s<br />
tourism industry.<br />
Keep up to date with <strong>the</strong> palace project on our website<br />
at www.stirlingcastle.gov.uk where you can also sign<br />
up for our free e-newsletter.<br />
The project also involves <strong>the</strong> creation <strong>of</strong> family-friendly<br />
interactive displays and a refreshed castle history<br />
exhibition.<br />
Overall, this is <strong>the</strong> largest enterprise <strong>of</strong> its kind we have<br />
ever undertaken. By giving new life to an important part<br />
<strong>of</strong> our cultural heritage we hope to promote enthusiasm<br />
Peter Buchanan<br />
Stirling Castle Project Manager<br />
<strong>Historic</strong> <strong>Scotland</strong><br />
peter.buchanan@scotland.gsi.gov.uk<br />
<strong>Historic</strong> <strong>Scotland</strong> 2011 | FOCUS<br />
37
Skills for <strong>the</strong> Future<br />
Skills for <strong>the</strong> Future is an ambitious three-year project which will <strong>of</strong>fer twenty bursary placements in a range<br />
<strong>of</strong> disciplines relating to traditional buildings. The collaborative project will be lead by a number <strong>of</strong> partners,<br />
including <strong>Historic</strong> <strong>Scotland</strong>, National Trust for <strong>Scotland</strong>, Scottish Stone Liaison Group, Angus College, Dundee<br />
College and Learn Direct and Build. This project builds on <strong>the</strong> successful Masonry Bursary Scheme which has<br />
already delivered twenty four year-long bursaries and over two hundred short-term bursary places, enabling<br />
over 200 individuals to achieve <strong>the</strong> National Progression Award Conservation <strong>of</strong> Masonry.<br />
The project is funded by a grant <strong>of</strong> £456,000 from <strong>the</strong><br />
Heritage Lottery fund and additional funding totalling<br />
£610,000 from <strong>the</strong> partner organisations.<br />
In all, twenty bursary places will be <strong>of</strong>fered over three years<br />
in four different disciplines:<br />
1. Conservation engineering (6 bursary places)<br />
2. Laser scanning <strong>of</strong> traditional buildings (4 bursary places)<br />
3. Traditional skills in Angus (6 bursary places)<br />
4. Energy Saving & carbon reduction in <strong>the</strong> heritage sector<br />
(4 bursary places)<br />
1. Conservation Engineering<br />
<strong>Scotland</strong> contains some <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> UK’s last remaining industrial<br />
heritage sites where original machinery is still operational<br />
and used in <strong>the</strong> original way.<br />
The skills required to operate and maintain this equipment<br />
were traditionally taught on <strong>the</strong> job and most <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
knowledge was passed from journeyman to apprentice<br />
by word <strong>of</strong> mouth only. The last generation <strong>of</strong> time-served<br />
men and women are rapidly dying out so we need to act<br />
now to ensure that this hidden knowledge is captured and<br />
our industrial heritage conserved for future generations.<br />
2. Laser Scanning <strong>of</strong> Traditional Buildings<br />
Laser scanning is a rapid, non-contact, accurate and<br />
objective method for digital documentation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> as-<strong>built</strong><br />
<strong>env</strong><strong>ironment</strong> from urban streetscapes, buildings and<br />
heritage structures to archaeological sites and terrain.<br />
Successful bursary candidates would work closely with <strong>the</strong><br />
digital documentation and visualisation team at <strong>Historic</strong><br />
<strong>Scotland</strong> and partner organisations on a range <strong>of</strong> projects.<br />
Training would be delivered in-house by <strong>the</strong> team and<br />
would include a guide to good practice and on-site tuition<br />
in <strong>the</strong> principles and <strong>the</strong>ory <strong>of</strong> laser scanning and digital<br />
documentation as a whole.<br />
3. Traditional Skills in Angus<br />
Angus College, in partnership with Angus Council, has<br />
undertaken a survey <strong>of</strong> local contractors to identify skills<br />
gaps and training needs. The majority <strong>of</strong> those surveyed<br />
work in <strong>the</strong> repair and maintenance sector on traditional<br />
buildings and on <strong>conservation</strong> projects funded by <strong>Historic</strong><br />
<strong>Scotland</strong>, National Trust for <strong>Scotland</strong> and <strong>the</strong> Heritage<br />
Lottery Fund. Although <strong>the</strong>se contractors are already<br />
undertaking work on many high pr<strong>of</strong>ile <strong>conservation</strong><br />
The specific skills involved in this strand will include<br />
working on projects such as Knockando Woollen Mill<br />
which is one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> last remaining working woollen Mills<br />
in <strong>Scotland</strong>. This project will include recording <strong>the</strong> mill<br />
equipment, removing <strong>the</strong> machinery, repairing and<br />
reinstating <strong>the</strong> machinery in <strong>the</strong> renovated mill building.<br />
The skills gained at Knockando will be transferable to<br />
o<strong>the</strong>r areas including printing and o<strong>the</strong>r mill sites<br />
throughout <strong>Scotland</strong>.<br />
There is also a need for active investigation into <strong>the</strong><br />
<strong>conservation</strong> <strong>of</strong> large working machinery as <strong>the</strong>re is<br />
a gap in <strong>conservation</strong> knowledge in this area.<br />
38 FOCUS | <strong>Historic</strong> <strong>Scotland</strong> 2011
projects, <strong>the</strong>y have <strong>the</strong>mselves recognised <strong>the</strong> need for<br />
more training in traditional skills specific to <strong>the</strong>ir local<br />
area. To that end Angus College is working with <strong>the</strong>se<br />
contractors to develop training courses. The development<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se courses is being supported by Construction<br />
Skills, Scottish Stone Liaison Group, <strong>the</strong> National Trust for<br />
<strong>Scotland</strong> and <strong>Historic</strong> <strong>Scotland</strong>.<br />
Four key traditional skills have been identified:<br />
1. Winning and working with Angus Stone<br />
2. Repair and maintenance <strong>of</strong> Clay and Earth Structures<br />
3. Timber Structures and traditional carpentry and joinery<br />
4. Leadwork<br />
4. Energy Saving & Carbon Reduction in <strong>the</strong><br />
Heritage Sector<br />
Climate Change and Sustainability is undoubtedly <strong>the</strong><br />
greatest global challenge facing society, but <strong>the</strong> emphasis<br />
in <strong>the</strong> climate change debate is upon measures to reduce or<br />
<strong>of</strong>f-set carbon emissions and building zero-carbon homes.<br />
Maintaining, re-using and improving <strong>the</strong> energy efficiency<br />
within <strong>the</strong> existing building stock including pre-1919<br />
builds (accounting for between 20-33% <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> UK’s building<br />
stock) ra<strong>the</strong>r than demolishing and replacing this with new<br />
buildings, is one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> most sustainable acts <strong>of</strong> preserving<br />
scarce natural, non-renewable resources.<br />
<strong>Historic</strong> <strong>Scotland</strong> is actively researching energy saving<br />
and carbon reduction in <strong>the</strong> heritage <strong>built</strong> <strong>env</strong><strong>ironment</strong>.<br />
However to date <strong>the</strong>re has been little activity in up-skilling<br />
<strong>the</strong> work force in what is a new area <strong>of</strong> skills – a blend <strong>of</strong><br />
energy/carbon saving and <strong>conservation</strong> knowledge and<br />
skills. This skills blend is needed to repair, maintain and<br />
retr<strong>of</strong>it traditionally constructed buildings and to install <strong>the</strong><br />
devices that will save energy and reduce carbon footprints<br />
whilst ensuring that <strong>the</strong> character <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> traditional<br />
building stock is maintained.<br />
Successful candidates will complete <strong>the</strong>ir placements<br />
based with our project partner Dundee College, a college<br />
that is fast gaining a reputation for leading on sustainable<br />
construction methods.<br />
Thanks to significant investment from <strong>the</strong> Heritage<br />
Lottery Fund and <strong>the</strong> project partners combined with<br />
joint collaboration, Skills for <strong>the</strong> Future looks set to make<br />
tremendous inroads into reducing <strong>the</strong> existing skills and<br />
knowledge gaps facing <strong>the</strong> repair, maintenance and<br />
adaptation <strong>of</strong> traditional buildings.<br />
Ian Walker<br />
Head <strong>of</strong> Traditional Building Skills<br />
<strong>Historic</strong> <strong>Scotland</strong><br />
ian.walker3@scotland.gsi.gov.uk<br />
<strong>Historic</strong> <strong>Scotland</strong> 2011 | FOCUS<br />
39
The Scottish Inter College Apprentice<br />
Stonemasonry Competition<br />
Two <strong>of</strong> <strong>Historic</strong> <strong>Scotland</strong>’s apprentices have been crowned winners <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> first Inter College Apprentice<br />
Stonemasonry Competition held at Glasgow’s Metropolitan College on <strong>the</strong> 24th 25th and 26th <strong>of</strong> April 2009.<br />
Representing <strong>Historic</strong> <strong>Scotland</strong>’s Elgin Stonemasonry<br />
Training Facility, Kenny McCaffrey based at St Andrews<br />
Ca<strong>the</strong>dral and Malcolm Hutcheon from Kildrummie<br />
Castle in Aberdeen beat <strong>of</strong>f competition from both<br />
Edinburgh’s Telford College and Glasgow’s Metropolitan<br />
College to win <strong>the</strong> award and receive a prize <strong>of</strong> a two<br />
week work and study trip to <strong>the</strong> USA.<br />
During <strong>the</strong> study trip both Kenny and Malcolm departed<br />
for Virginia to spend time with James Price <strong>of</strong> Virginia<br />
Lime Works. There <strong>the</strong>y had <strong>the</strong> opportunity to learn<br />
more about <strong>the</strong> use and technology <strong>of</strong> lime mortar in<br />
<strong>the</strong> USA from burning to slaking and its use in Americas<br />
heritage. They also studied some <strong>of</strong> America’s heritage<br />
brickwork including decorative and “gauged” brickwork.<br />
They also had an insight into <strong>the</strong> use <strong>of</strong> lime in<br />
eco-build projects.<br />
Kenny and Malcolm gained experience in traditional lime<br />
plastering on wooden lath on a cottage project and Brick<br />
Rubbing and Moulding in <strong>the</strong> workshop.<br />
Kenny and Malcolm <strong>the</strong>n travelled on to New York City<br />
to work with Abyssinian Development Corp (ADC), in<br />
<strong>the</strong>ir YOUTHBUILD Programme in Harlem. One <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> key<br />
aims <strong>of</strong> ADC is to achieve revitalisation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> community<br />
through focussing on <strong>the</strong> physical infrastructure. To help<br />
achieve this, ADC has implemented YOUTHBUILD,<br />
a nationally recognised workforce development initiative<br />
for “at risk” kids.<br />
Kenny McCaffrey at work<br />
40 FOCUS | <strong>Historic</strong> <strong>Scotland</strong> 2011
Malcolm Hutcheon at work<br />
During <strong>the</strong> placement with ADC Kenny and Malcolm<br />
undertook a two day workshop with Harlem’s out-<strong>of</strong>school<br />
youth between <strong>the</strong> ages <strong>of</strong> 16-24 giving <strong>the</strong>m an<br />
insight into <strong>the</strong> work <strong>of</strong> <strong>Historic</strong> <strong>Scotland</strong> with practical<br />
demonstrations in masonry hewing and building<br />
<strong>conservation</strong> techniques.<br />
Time was also spent with Chris Pelletieri <strong>the</strong> stone carver<br />
in residence at The Ca<strong>the</strong>dral <strong>of</strong> St John <strong>the</strong> Devine,<br />
where <strong>the</strong>y took a tour <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Ca<strong>the</strong>dral, Workshops,<br />
and discussed masonry and materials and shared craft<br />
techniques.<br />
Kenny and Malcolm join <strong>the</strong> long list <strong>of</strong> talent that<br />
annually qualifies from <strong>Historic</strong> <strong>Scotland</strong>’s Masonry<br />
Training Centre in Elgin, managed by Graham Campbell<br />
and Alan Cormie.<br />
Graham Campbell – Training Manager at Elgin Training<br />
Centre said: “The inception <strong>of</strong> this Stonemasonry<br />
Competition is incredibly positive for <strong>the</strong> traditional skills<br />
taught in <strong>Scotland</strong>. All three stonemasonry colleges took<br />
part in <strong>the</strong> competition to build and carve a stone pillar<br />
over two days. We were delighted when we were told<br />
that we were <strong>the</strong> winning team.”<br />
Fellowship programme and was assured he’d show <strong>the</strong><br />
guys a great time.<br />
Jimmy and his team have done work on <strong>the</strong> various<br />
prestigious buildings all over <strong>the</strong> states from <strong>the</strong><br />
Washington State monument and Castillo de Marquis<br />
fort in Florida to <strong>the</strong> Whitehouse itself! Also several expresidential<br />
holiday retreats such as Jefferson’s Popular<br />
Forest, and Madison’s Montpellier.<br />
The competition which will now become an annual<br />
event is sponsored by <strong>Historic</strong> <strong>Scotland</strong> in partnership<br />
with The Scottish Stone Liaison Group, (SSLG) and<br />
Construction Skills and aims to raise <strong>the</strong> awareness <strong>of</strong><br />
traditional skills in <strong>Scotland</strong> by inviting each masonry<br />
college in <strong>Scotland</strong> to put forward a team <strong>of</strong> two<br />
candidates to compete over <strong>the</strong> duration <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> event.<br />
The competition concludes when each team is assessed<br />
on <strong>the</strong>ir hewing and building skills and a group <strong>of</strong><br />
assessors from across <strong>the</strong> Stonemasonry Industry chose<br />
<strong>the</strong> winners.<br />
I believe <strong>the</strong> next competition is for a trip to Romania for<br />
two weeks, so hopefully <strong>the</strong> apprentices we select will<br />
give it <strong>the</strong>ir best when that comes around.<br />
The prize which Kenny McCaffrey and Malcolm Hutcheon<br />
won was a fantastic one. They both relished <strong>the</strong><br />
experience <strong>of</strong> working with Jimmy Price at Virginia Lime<br />
works, where <strong>the</strong>y worked with lime mortar on various<br />
projects. I’ve known Jimmy personally for over 8 years,<br />
since I spent some time <strong>the</strong>re while on <strong>the</strong> Quinque<br />
Charles Jones<br />
Traditional skills <strong>of</strong>ficer<br />
<strong>Historic</strong> <strong>Scotland</strong><br />
charles.jones@scotland.gsi.gov.uk<br />
<strong>Historic</strong> <strong>Scotland</strong> 2011 | FOCUS<br />
41
First Ever <strong>Historic</strong> <strong>Scotland</strong><br />
Summer School 2010<br />
In August 2010 <strong>Historic</strong> <strong>Scotland</strong> held its first ever residential summer school. The week long course was<br />
aimed at students studying a range <strong>of</strong> disciplines from architecture and planning to building surveying and<br />
engineering. Undergraduates from across <strong>Scotland</strong> were invited to apply for a place on <strong>the</strong> course and <strong>the</strong><br />
successful candidates received an Award Certificate on completion <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> course.<br />
The summer school was designed to provide<br />
undergraduate students, who would o<strong>the</strong>rwise have<br />
little opportunity to learn about traditional buildings,<br />
with an introduction to maintenance and repair<br />
approaches and techniques for such structures.<br />
Based at <strong>the</strong> <strong>Historic</strong> <strong>Scotland</strong> depot in Stirling<br />
throughout <strong>the</strong> week, <strong>the</strong> students took part in sessions<br />
on traditional materials such as stone, slate and iron<br />
as well as current issues including energy efficiency<br />
in traditional buildings. The students also had <strong>the</strong><br />
opportunity to visit and take part in live projects<br />
including lime washing <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Great Hall at Stirling<br />
Castle and to attend practical sessions in masonry<br />
pointing and lead work.<br />
HS Chief Executive, Ruth Parsons, presents certificates to participants<br />
for traditional buildings that would remain with <strong>the</strong>m<br />
for <strong>the</strong> rest <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir lives.<br />
David Mitchell, Director <strong>of</strong> <strong>Historic</strong> <strong>Scotland</strong>’s<br />
Conservation Group said that “It is important that we<br />
get <strong>the</strong> opportunity to work with <strong>the</strong> next generation<br />
<strong>of</strong> building pr<strong>of</strong>essionals and events such as <strong>the</strong>se are<br />
an important platform to do so.<br />
“Ultimately we want to give undergraduates <strong>the</strong><br />
opportunity to learn about <strong>Scotland</strong>’s rich traditional<br />
building stock in an engaging, informative way.<br />
Students enjoying a sunny practical training session<br />
Whilst <strong>the</strong>re are many excellent courses running<br />
throughout <strong>Scotland</strong> in <strong>the</strong> building sector, this course<br />
enabled <strong>Historic</strong> <strong>Scotland</strong> to reach out to those who<br />
enter <strong>the</strong> field with little experience <strong>of</strong> traditional<br />
buildings and to extend <strong>the</strong>ir employability. It was also<br />
intended to give <strong>the</strong> students <strong>the</strong> opportunity to hear<br />
about some <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> challenges and opportunities facing<br />
<strong>the</strong> sector – and hopefully develop a passion<br />
“Skills are <strong>the</strong> lifeblood <strong>of</strong> our industry and events like<br />
<strong>the</strong>se provide a great opportunity to demonstrate<br />
firsthand <strong>the</strong> fantastic work that it going on to care<br />
and protect our <strong>built</strong> heritage.”<br />
Ali Davey<br />
Head <strong>of</strong> Technical Outreach & Education<br />
<strong>Historic</strong> <strong>Scotland</strong><br />
ali.davey@scotland.gsi.gov.uk<br />
42 FOCUS | <strong>Historic</strong> <strong>Scotland</strong> 2011
APS Group (<strong>Scotland</strong>)<br />
142797 (03/11)<br />
ISBN 978-1-84917-052-9<br />
9 781849 170529<br />
COTTIER’S IN<br />
CONTEXT<br />
DANIEL COTTIER,<br />
WILLIAM LEIPER<br />
AND DOWANHILL<br />
CHURCH,<br />
GLASGOW<br />
NEW PUBLICATIONS<br />
To order copies <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se publications contact us by email on hs.cgpublications@scotland.gsi.gov.uk or by phone on 0131 668 863<br />
Title Description Information<br />
Traditional Shopfronts:<br />
This guide gives advice on <strong>the</strong> <strong>conservation</strong> and enhancement<br />
16pp, A4, 2010 (PB),<br />
A Short Guide for Shop<br />
<strong>of</strong> traditional shopfronts and includes a brief architectural<br />
ISBN 978 1 84917 032 1<br />
Owners<br />
history <strong>of</strong> shopfront design.<br />
FREE<br />
3 Case Study<br />
Cottier’s in Context Daniel Cottier, William Leiper and Dowanhill Church, Glasgow<br />
3 Case Study Cottier’s in Context Daniel Cottier, William Leiper and Dowanhill Church, Glasgow<br />
Case<br />
3 Study<br />
Case Study 3: Cottier’s in<br />
Context - Daniel Cottier,<br />
William Leiper and<br />
Dowanhill Church, Glasgow<br />
This publication is <strong>the</strong> first <strong>of</strong> two volumes exploring <strong>the</strong><br />
life, work and influence <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Scottish-born designer Daniel<br />
Cottier, his contemporary William Leiper, and <strong>the</strong> only church<br />
decorated by Cottier to survive from this period at Dowanhill in<br />
Glasgow. Available from March 2011<br />
179pp, A4, 2011 (PB)<br />
ISBN 978-1-84917-0529<br />
£6.00<br />
Technical Paper 7<br />
This paper looks at <strong>the</strong> embodied energy aspects associated<br />
FREE<br />
with <strong>the</strong> procurement <strong>of</strong> building stone – how much carbon<br />
is used in extracting, processing and delivering stone from<br />
various sources. The benefits <strong>of</strong> a local sourcing <strong>of</strong> stone are<br />
discussed and options for fur<strong>the</strong>r study.<br />
Available to download only<br />
http://www.historic-scotland.gov.uk/technicalpapers<br />
Technical Paper 8<br />
This paper models <strong>the</strong> <strong>the</strong>rmal upgrades at one <strong>of</strong><br />
FREE<br />
Conservation Groups pilot sites – looking at present<br />
modelled energy performance against post intervention<br />
performance. It considers <strong>the</strong> differences between <strong>the</strong><br />
various evaluations systems and why <strong>the</strong>se might occur as<br />
well as comment on <strong>the</strong> suitability <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Energy Performance<br />
Certificate when used in traditionally constructed buildings.<br />
Available to download only<br />
http://www.historic-scotland.gov.uk/technicalpapers<br />
Technical Paper 9<br />
Ten slim-pr<strong>of</strong>ile double glazing systems were measured on-<br />
FREE<br />
site, and <strong>the</strong> results compared with secondary glazing fitted<br />
to single glazed windows. The paper also presents findings<br />
on <strong>the</strong> embodied energy associated with such double<br />
glazing.<br />
Available to download only<br />
http://www.historic-scotland.gov.uk/technicalpapers<br />
Technical Paper 10<br />
This paper presents <strong>the</strong> results <strong>of</strong> in-situ U-value measurements<br />
FREE<br />
<strong>of</strong> mostly walls, some ro<strong>of</strong>s and one floor. The building<br />
elements measured varied with regard to <strong>the</strong> building materials<br />
and techniques used to construct <strong>the</strong>m, finishes, insulation<br />
retr<strong>of</strong>its etc. The measurement results were also compared to<br />
<strong>the</strong> modelling results <strong>of</strong> s<strong>of</strong>tware programs.<br />
Available to download only<br />
http://www.historic-scotland.gov.uk/technicalpapers<br />
<strong>Historic</strong> <strong>Scotland</strong> 2011 | FOCUS<br />
43
NEW PUBLICATIONS<br />
Title Description Information<br />
INFORM: Dry Stone Walls<br />
This INFORM gives an introduction to <strong>the</strong> importance<br />
and complexity <strong>of</strong> dry stone walling in <strong>Scotland</strong> and <strong>the</strong><br />
maintenance tasks that can prolong <strong>the</strong>ir life.<br />
FREE<br />
INFORM: Decorative Paint<br />
Finishes: Graining and<br />
Marbling<br />
This INFORM gives guidance on identifying, protecting and<br />
reinstating historic grained or marbled finishes.<br />
FREE<br />
INFORM: Stone Floors<br />
This INFORM guide gives advice on <strong>the</strong> cleaning, maintenance,<br />
reinstatement and repair <strong>of</strong> stone floors.<br />
FREE<br />
INFORM: Structural Joinery<br />
This INFORM gives an introduction to <strong>the</strong> survey, inspection<br />
and repair options and principles for structural joinery.<br />
FREE<br />
INFORM: Timber Window<br />
Shutters<br />
This INFORM gives an introduction to <strong>the</strong> construction,<br />
repair and maintenance <strong>of</strong> timber shutters.<br />
FREE<br />
INFORM: Timber Staircases<br />
This INFORM explains <strong>the</strong> construction <strong>of</strong> timber staircases<br />
and <strong>the</strong> issues associated with <strong>the</strong>ir repair and maintenance,<br />
including repairs to creaking stairs and replacing damaged<br />
elements.<br />
FREE<br />
44 FOCUS | <strong>Historic</strong> <strong>Scotland</strong> 2011
INFORM GUIDES<br />
To order copies <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se publications contact us by email on hs.cgpublications@scotland.gsi.gov.uk or by phone on 0131 668 8638<br />
<strong>Historic</strong> <strong>Scotland</strong> continues to develop a new range <strong>of</strong> technical publications aimed at providing an introduction<br />
to various issues for homeowners, and those with responsibility for traditional buildings.<br />
The aim <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se INFORM leaflets is to provide concise and accessible information free from jargon, with useful contacts<br />
for those seeking additional information.<br />
Title Description Information<br />
INFORM: Dry Stone Walls<br />
NEW<br />
This INFORM gives an introduction to <strong>the</strong> importance<br />
and complexity <strong>of</strong> dry stone walling in <strong>Scotland</strong> and <strong>the</strong><br />
maintenance tasks that can prolong <strong>the</strong>ir life.<br />
FREE<br />
INFORM: Decorative Paint<br />
Finishes: Graining and<br />
Marbling<br />
NEW<br />
This INFORM gives guidance on identifying, protecting and<br />
reinstating historic grained or marbled finishes.<br />
FREE<br />
INFORM: Stone Floors<br />
NEW<br />
This INFORM guide gives advice on <strong>the</strong> cleaning, maintenance,<br />
reinstatement and repair <strong>of</strong> stone floors.<br />
FREE<br />
INFORM: Structural Joinery<br />
NEW<br />
This INFORM gives an introduction to <strong>the</strong> survey, inspection<br />
and repair options and principles for structural joinery.<br />
FREE<br />
INFORM: Timber Window<br />
Shutters<br />
NEW<br />
This INFORM gives an introduction to <strong>the</strong> construction,<br />
repair and maintenance <strong>of</strong> timber shutters.<br />
FREE<br />
INFORM: Timber Staircases<br />
NEW<br />
This INFORM explains <strong>the</strong> construction <strong>of</strong> timber staircases<br />
and <strong>the</strong> issues associated with <strong>the</strong>ir repair and maintenance,<br />
including repairs to creaking stairs and replacing damaged<br />
elements.<br />
FREE<br />
INFORM: Rot in Timber<br />
INFORM: Bituminous Sheet<br />
Flat Ro<strong>of</strong>s: Their Repair and<br />
Maintenance<br />
This INFORM seeks to examine measures which can be taken<br />
to minimize <strong>the</strong> threat birds pose to our <strong>built</strong> heritage and<br />
<strong>the</strong> ways in which <strong>the</strong>y can be controlled. Measures such as<br />
netting, bird spikes and trapping are all considered alongside<br />
a consideration <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> problems such pests create.<br />
This INFORM first gives a description <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> structure <strong>of</strong> a flat<br />
ro<strong>of</strong>. The signs <strong>of</strong> common problems are <strong>the</strong>n listed before<br />
looking at ways to repair ro<strong>of</strong>s and eradicate such problems.<br />
FREE<br />
FREE<br />
<strong>Historic</strong> <strong>Scotland</strong> 2011 | FOCUS<br />
45
INFORM GUIDES<br />
To order copies <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se publications contact us by email on hs.cgpublications@scotland.gsi.gov.uk or by phone on 0131 668 8638<br />
Title Description Information<br />
INFORM: Ventilation in<br />
Traditional Houses<br />
INFORM: Structural Cracks<br />
INFORM: Foundations and<br />
Wall Footings<br />
This INFORM begins by providing information on <strong>the</strong><br />
importance <strong>of</strong> ventilation is a traditionally <strong>built</strong> structure.<br />
Guidance is <strong>the</strong>n provided on <strong>the</strong> various ways in which<br />
ventilation is provided such as sub floor ventilation and<br />
chimneys as well as looking at issues surrounding masonry<br />
walls and plastered surfaces.<br />
This INFORM gives an introduction on how to recognise and<br />
diagnose various types <strong>of</strong> settlement cracks. Understanding<br />
<strong>the</strong> variety <strong>of</strong> cracks which can appear can also help assist in<br />
deter mining where <strong>the</strong>re is ei<strong>the</strong>r no need for concern, or<br />
where a more serious problem is in <strong>the</strong> process <strong>of</strong> emerging.<br />
This INFORM examines various factors which relate to or<br />
can affect foundations and wall footings in a traditionally<br />
constructed building including gardens, roads and<br />
pavements, air drains and damp pro<strong>of</strong>ing.<br />
FREE<br />
FREE<br />
FREE<br />
INFORM: Energy Efficiency<br />
in Traditional Homes<br />
INFORM: Bird Control in<br />
<strong>Historic</strong> Buildings<br />
This INFORM begins with an examination <strong>of</strong> embodied<br />
carbon and <strong>the</strong>rmal performance in traditionally <strong>built</strong> homes.<br />
The main body <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> INFORM deals with what can be done<br />
to improve energy efficiency in traditional buildings and<br />
looks at areas such as floors, windows, walls, insulation and<br />
also how this relates to building standards.<br />
This INFORM examines measures which can be taken to<br />
minimize <strong>the</strong> threat birds pose to our <strong>built</strong> heritage and<br />
<strong>the</strong> ways in which <strong>the</strong>y can be controlled.<br />
FREE<br />
FREE<br />
INFORM: Care and<br />
Maintenance <strong>of</strong><br />
Corrugated Iron<br />
This INFORM provides some historical background to <strong>the</strong> use<br />
<strong>of</strong> corrugated iron and outlines <strong>the</strong> various issues relating to<br />
<strong>the</strong> <strong>conservation</strong>, repair and maintenance <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> material.<br />
FREE<br />
INFORM: External<br />
Timber Doors<br />
This INFORM guide gives a brief history <strong>of</strong> Scottish doors<br />
and <strong>the</strong>ir construction. Guidance is given on <strong>the</strong><br />
identification <strong>of</strong> faults and methods <strong>of</strong> repair and<br />
maintenance.<br />
FREE<br />
INFORM: Indent Repairs to<br />
Sandstone Ashlar Masonry<br />
This INFORM guide provides an introduction to <strong>the</strong><br />
practice <strong>of</strong> replacing damaged stones in an ashlar <strong>built</strong><br />
sandstone wall.<br />
FREE<br />
INFORM: Maintaining<br />
Traditional Plain Glass<br />
and Glazing<br />
This INFORM guide outlines <strong>the</strong> types <strong>of</strong> traditional plain<br />
glass and glazing systems most commonly encountered by<br />
building owners in <strong>Scotland</strong> and includes general guidance<br />
on <strong>the</strong>ir maintenance and repair.<br />
FREE<br />
46 FOCUS | <strong>Historic</strong> <strong>Scotland</strong> 2011
INFORM GUIDES<br />
To order copies <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se publications contact us by email on hs.cgpublications@scotland.gsi.gov.uk or by phone on 0131 668 8638<br />
Title Description Information<br />
INFORM: Timber Floors<br />
This INFORM covers basic aspects <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> construction and<br />
care <strong>of</strong> timber floors. Various elements <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir repair and<br />
maintenance are also included such as sanding, sealing<br />
and fixing.<br />
FREE<br />
INFORM: Domestic<br />
Boundary Walls<br />
This INFORM gives guidance on identifying problems and<br />
<strong>the</strong>ir causes, <strong>the</strong> steps which can be taken to lessen such<br />
threats and correct repair techniques where problems<br />
do occur.<br />
FREE<br />
INFORM: Domestic<br />
Chimneys & Flues<br />
This INFORM outlines <strong>the</strong> basic elements <strong>of</strong> a flue and<br />
chimney system and identify common faults, <strong>the</strong>ir<br />
diagnosis and <strong>the</strong> principles <strong>of</strong> how to deal with <strong>the</strong>m.<br />
FREE<br />
INFORM: Finials and<br />
Terminals<br />
This INFORM outlines <strong>the</strong> main materials used for finials and<br />
terminals such as stone and iron. Guidance is also given on<br />
possible faults and <strong>the</strong>ir proper repair and maintenance.<br />
FREE<br />
INFORM: Fireplaces<br />
INFORM: Ro<strong>of</strong>ing<br />
Leadwork<br />
INFORM: Repointing<br />
Ashlar Masonry<br />
This INFORM aims to show <strong>the</strong> value <strong>of</strong> a properly maintained<br />
fireplace and its contribution to <strong>the</strong> historic fabric and<br />
character <strong>of</strong> a building. It also provides a guide to <strong>the</strong> variety <strong>of</strong><br />
elements which combine to make up a fireplace and gives brief<br />
notes on <strong>the</strong> proper care and maintenance <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se elements.<br />
This INFORM provides information on <strong>the</strong> characteristics <strong>of</strong><br />
lead, <strong>the</strong> different types <strong>of</strong> lead sheet used on Scottish ro<strong>of</strong>s<br />
and its various applications. Guidance is also given on various<br />
defects which can emerge in leadwork and <strong>the</strong> proper repair<br />
<strong>of</strong> such work.<br />
This INFORM takes <strong>the</strong> reader through <strong>the</strong> various stages<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> proper re-pointing <strong>of</strong> ashlar masonry, from<br />
understanding <strong>the</strong> nature <strong>of</strong> ashlar, through preparation<br />
work to <strong>the</strong> actual techniques <strong>of</strong> re-pointing.<br />
FREE<br />
FREE<br />
FREE<br />
INFORM: Maintaining Sash<br />
and Case Windows<br />
INFORM: Damp - Causes<br />
and Solutions<br />
This INFORM provides a basic introduction to <strong>the</strong> maintenance<br />
and repair <strong>of</strong> traditional sash and case windows. The guide<br />
describes <strong>the</strong> evolution <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se windows and how <strong>the</strong>y<br />
work, and also covers common problems and <strong>the</strong>ir<br />
solutions such as broken sash cords and deterioration<br />
<strong>of</strong> putty and mastic.<br />
This INFORM helps <strong>the</strong> reader to recognise <strong>the</strong> causes and<br />
early signs <strong>of</strong> damp as well as <strong>of</strong>fering guidance on rectifying<br />
damp problems.<br />
FREE<br />
FREE<br />
<strong>Historic</strong> <strong>Scotland</strong> 2011 | FOCUS<br />
47
INFORM GUIDES<br />
To order copies <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se publications contact us by email on hs.cgpublications@scotland.gsi.gov.uk or by phone on 0131 668 8638<br />
Title Description Information<br />
INFORM: Domestic<br />
Decorative Glass<br />
INFORM: The use <strong>of</strong> lime<br />
& cement in traditional<br />
buildings<br />
This INFORM provides guidance on decorative glass in<br />
a domestic context. The different kinds <strong>of</strong> glass are all<br />
described as are <strong>the</strong> differing methods <strong>of</strong> construction<br />
techniques associated with each type. Repair and<br />
maintenance issues associated with <strong>the</strong>se types <strong>of</strong> glass<br />
are also considered.<br />
This INFORM describes <strong>the</strong> differences between lime and<br />
cement mortars and compares <strong>the</strong>ir effects on traditional<br />
buildings, including issues such as breathability <strong>of</strong> buildings<br />
to <strong>the</strong> physical appearance <strong>of</strong> different mortars.<br />
FREE<br />
FREE<br />
INFORM: Repairing<br />
Brickwork<br />
INFORM: Ceramic Tiled<br />
Flooring<br />
INFORM: Pantiles<br />
Maintaining a Pantiled<br />
Ro<strong>of</strong><br />
This INFORM describes <strong>the</strong> most common signs <strong>of</strong><br />
deterioration, such as efflorescence, spalling and cracks<br />
and explains <strong>the</strong>ir causes. The guide also <strong>of</strong>fers guidance<br />
on repair and maintenance techniques including cleaning<br />
brickwork, replacing bricks and repairing decayed pointing.<br />
This INFORM provides guidance on ceramic floor tiles.<br />
The various types and layouts <strong>of</strong> tiles are considered such as<br />
geometric tiles, encaustic tiles and quarry tiles. The various<br />
defects which can occur with tiles such as overlay and<br />
cracked tiles are discussed as well as appropriate cleaning<br />
and maintenance techniques.<br />
This INFORM gives a brief description <strong>of</strong> pantiles in <strong>Scotland</strong><br />
and examines <strong>the</strong> construction <strong>of</strong> a pantile ro<strong>of</strong>. Common<br />
problems, repair and maintenance issues are also examined<br />
including <strong>the</strong> replacement <strong>of</strong> tiles, insulation and tile fixings.<br />
FREE<br />
FREE<br />
FREE<br />
INFORM: Repairing<br />
Scottish Slate Ro<strong>of</strong>s<br />
INFORM: Fire Safety<br />
This INFORM provides an introduction to Scottish Slate Ro<strong>of</strong>s<br />
including <strong>the</strong> components which go into <strong>the</strong> construction<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> ro<strong>of</strong>s and <strong>the</strong> unique features which <strong>the</strong>y contain.<br />
Information is given on <strong>the</strong> sorts <strong>of</strong> problems which can arise<br />
with slate ro<strong>of</strong>s as well as an introduction to appropriate<br />
repair and maintenance techniques.<br />
This INFORM provides an introduction to <strong>the</strong> factors which<br />
can create a fire risk within a historic property. Different<br />
techniques for preventing <strong>the</strong> start and spread <strong>of</strong> fire within<br />
historic buildings are also considered.<br />
FREE<br />
FREE<br />
INFORM: Bronze<br />
This INFORM provides an introduction to <strong>the</strong> characteristics<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> material and gives guidance on identifying and<br />
recording problems, understanding <strong>the</strong>ir causes and<br />
planning appropriate maintenance and repair work.<br />
FREE<br />
INFORM: Boundary<br />
Ironwork<br />
Many building owners are choosing to re-instate boundary<br />
ironwork which has fallen into disrepair or was perhaps<br />
removed for <strong>the</strong> war effort. This INFORM provides advice for<br />
re-instating architectural ironwork using traditional materials<br />
and techniques<br />
FREE<br />
48 FOCUS | <strong>Historic</strong> <strong>Scotland</strong> 2011
INFORM GUIDES<br />
To order copies <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se publications contact us by email on hs.cgpublications@scotland.gsi.gov.uk or by phone on 0131 668 8638<br />
Title Description Information<br />
INFORM: Graffiti Removal<br />
Graffiti removal from masonry is a complex issue.<br />
This INFORM <strong>of</strong>fers practical advice on <strong>the</strong> removal<br />
<strong>of</strong> graffiti to owners <strong>of</strong> historic buildings and structures.<br />
FREE<br />
INFORM: Masonry Decay<br />
An understanding <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> processes <strong>of</strong> masonry decay are<br />
a valuable tool in maintaining your property. This INFORM<br />
<strong>of</strong>fers an introduction to <strong>the</strong> principles involved in <strong>the</strong> decay<br />
<strong>of</strong> masonry.<br />
FREE<br />
INFORM: Cleaning<br />
Sandstone - Risks<br />
and Consequences<br />
INFORM: Gilding Techniques<br />
Care and Maintenance<br />
This INFORM examines <strong>the</strong> risks and consequences <strong>of</strong><br />
cleaning sandstone masonry. The benefits and risks attached<br />
to <strong>the</strong> process are considered, as well as <strong>the</strong> consequences<br />
<strong>of</strong> past cleaning. Testing and more technologies are also<br />
discussed.<br />
This INFORM gives guidance on identifying gilding and<br />
describes <strong>the</strong> various materials and methods <strong>of</strong> application<br />
used. The causes <strong>of</strong> common problems and repair and<br />
maintenance techniques are also discussed.<br />
FREE<br />
FREE<br />
INFORM: Interior Paint -<br />
A Guide to Internal Paint<br />
Finishes<br />
This INFORM gives a background to traditional paint<br />
finishes and <strong>of</strong>fers guidance on <strong>the</strong> available options when<br />
decorating a traditional home, considering old surfaces and<br />
materials and <strong>the</strong> appropriate paints to use.<br />
FREE<br />
INFORM: The Maintenance<br />
<strong>of</strong> Cast Iron Rainwater<br />
Goods<br />
This INFORM provides a brief history <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> manufacture and<br />
design <strong>of</strong> rainwater goods and gives guidance on common<br />
problems, <strong>the</strong>ir causes and appropriate maintenance and<br />
repair techniques.<br />
FREE<br />
INFORM: Repointing Rubble<br />
Stonework<br />
This INFORM guides building owners through <strong>the</strong> steps<br />
required by contractors to carry out <strong>the</strong> work <strong>of</strong> re-pointing a<br />
traditional rubble stone wall in an appropriate manner.<br />
FREE<br />
INFORM; Maintenance <strong>of</strong><br />
Iron Gates and Railings<br />
This INFORM gives guidance to property owners and<br />
occupiers on how best to maintain and repair existing<br />
iron gates and railings.<br />
FREE<br />
<strong>Historic</strong> <strong>Scotland</strong> 2011 | FOCUS<br />
49
TECHNICAL ADVICE NOTES (TANS)<br />
To order copies <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se publications contact us by email on hs.cgpublications@scotland.gsi.gov.uk or by phone on 0131 668 8638<br />
Title Description Information<br />
TAN 1 Preparation and<br />
Use <strong>of</strong> Lime Mortars<br />
(revised 2005)<br />
A guide to <strong>the</strong> principles underlying <strong>the</strong> use <strong>of</strong> lime mortars<br />
in re-pointing and masonry consolidation including advice<br />
on materials, specification and site practice.<br />
76pp, A4, 2003 (PB),<br />
ISBN 1 903570 42 5<br />
£6.00<br />
TAN 2 Conservation <strong>of</strong><br />
Plasterwork (revised 2002)<br />
An account <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> types <strong>of</strong> plaster found in Scottish<br />
traditional buildings with advice on <strong>conservation</strong>, repair<br />
a restoration methods and specification.<br />
44pp, A4, 2002 (PB),<br />
ISBN 1 903570 41 7<br />
£6.00<br />
TAN 4 Thatch and<br />
Thatching Techniques<br />
An illustrated guide to Scottish thatching traditions,<br />
demonstrating <strong>the</strong> diversity <strong>of</strong> materials used and <strong>of</strong>fering<br />
advice on <strong>conservation</strong>, maintenance and repair.<br />
84pp, A4, 1996 (PB),<br />
ISBN 0 9517989 7 9<br />
£6.00<br />
TAN 5 The Hebridean<br />
Blackhouse<br />
A case study <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> blackhouse at 42 Arnol, Lewis, its<br />
materials, construction and maintenance.<br />
34pp, A4, 1996 (PB),<br />
ISBN 1 900168 16 2<br />
£6.00<br />
TAN 6 Earth Structures and<br />
Construction in <strong>Scotland</strong><br />
A guide to <strong>the</strong> recognition and <strong>conservation</strong> <strong>of</strong> earth<br />
technology in Scottish buildings.<br />
128pp, A4, 1996 (PB),<br />
ISBN 1 900168 22 7<br />
£6.00<br />
TAN 7 Access to <strong>the</strong> Built<br />
Heritage<br />
Advice and information on improving access for visitors with<br />
disabilities to historic buildings and monuments<br />
open to <strong>the</strong> public.<br />
51pp, A4, 1996 (PB),<br />
ISBN 1 900168 23 5<br />
£6.00<br />
TAN 8 The <strong>Historic</strong> <strong>Scotland</strong><br />
Guide to International<br />
Conservation Charters<br />
Comprehensive analysis <strong>of</strong> over 70 international statements<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>conservation</strong> principles.<br />
OUT OF PRINT<br />
PDF available on request<br />
96pp, A4, 1997 (PB),<br />
ISBN 1 900168 24 3<br />
£6.00<br />
TAN 9 Stonecleaning <strong>of</strong><br />
Granite Buildings<br />
Advice on <strong>the</strong> soiling, decay and cleaning <strong>of</strong> granite buildings<br />
and related testing, specification and execution <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> work.<br />
52pp, 1997 (PB),<br />
ISBN 1 900168 39 1<br />
£6.00<br />
TAN 10 Biological Growths<br />
on Sandstone Buildings:<br />
Control and Treatment<br />
Guidance on <strong>the</strong> effect <strong>of</strong> biological growths on sandstone<br />
structures and <strong>the</strong> feasibility <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir removal, with advice on<br />
appropriate methods <strong>of</strong> control.<br />
48pp, A4, 1998 (PB),<br />
ISBN 1 900168 40 5<br />
£6.00<br />
50 FOCUS | <strong>Historic</strong> <strong>Scotland</strong> 2011
TECHNICAL ADVICE NOTES (TANS)<br />
To order copies <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se publications contact us by email on hs.cgpublications@scotland.gsi.gov.uk or by phone on 0131 668 8638<br />
Title Description Information<br />
TAN 12 Quarries <strong>of</strong> <strong>Scotland</strong><br />
An illustrated guide to Scottish geology and stone<br />
working methods based on <strong>the</strong> British Geological Survey<br />
Photographic Archive <strong>of</strong> selected building stone quarries.<br />
84pp, A4, 1997 (PB),<br />
ISBN 1 900168 47 2<br />
£6.00<br />
TAN 13 The Archaeology <strong>of</strong><br />
Scottish Thatch<br />
A guide to applying archaeological recording and<br />
analytical techniques to <strong>the</strong> study <strong>of</strong> thatch and thatching<br />
in <strong>Scotland</strong>.<br />
96pp, A4, 1998 (PB),<br />
ISBN 1 900168 49 9<br />
£6.00<br />
TAN 15 External Lime<br />
Coatings on Traditional<br />
Buildings<br />
A comprehensive account <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> benefits <strong>of</strong> using lime<br />
finishes on <strong>the</strong> exteriors <strong>of</strong> traditionally constructed<br />
buildings.<br />
92pp, A4, 2001 (PB),<br />
ISBN 1 900168 60 X<br />
£6.00<br />
TAN 16 Burrowing Animals<br />
and Archaeology<br />
A description <strong>of</strong> preventive methods and control measures<br />
appropriate for use around protected archaeological sites<br />
and monuments.<br />
14pp, A4, 1999 (PB),<br />
ISBN 1 900168 60 X<br />
£6.00<br />
TAN 17 Bracken and<br />
Archaeology<br />
An important interim statement on understanding <strong>the</strong> plant,<br />
its interaction with archaeological monuments<br />
and sites, and <strong>the</strong> measures available for its control.<br />
44pp, A4, 1999 (PB),<br />
ISBN 1 900168 61 8<br />
£6.00<br />
TAN 18 The Treatment <strong>of</strong><br />
Graffiti on <strong>Historic</strong> Surfaces<br />
Advice on graffiti removal procedures, anti-graffiti coatings<br />
and alternative strategies.<br />
58pp, A4, 1999 (PB),<br />
ISBN 1 900168 81 2<br />
£6.00<br />
TAN 19 Scottish Aggregates<br />
for Building Conservation<br />
A guide to <strong>the</strong> availability and suitability <strong>of</strong> aggregates<br />
for use in mortars to match those used in historic buildings<br />
in <strong>Scotland</strong>.<br />
60pp, A4, 1999 (PB),<br />
ISBN 1 900168 69 3<br />
£6.00<br />
TAN 20 Corrosion in<br />
Masonry Clad Early<br />
Twentieth Century Steel<br />
Framed Buildings<br />
A guide drawing toge<strong>the</strong>r existing information on current<br />
methodologies <strong>of</strong> repair and presenting details <strong>of</strong> newer<br />
technologies.<br />
OUT OF PRINT<br />
PDF available on request<br />
84pp, A4, 2000 (PB),<br />
ISBN 1 900168 52 9<br />
£6.00<br />
<strong>Historic</strong> <strong>Scotland</strong> 2011 | FOCUS<br />
51
TECHNICAL ADVICE NOTES (TANS)<br />
To order copies <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se publications contact us by email on hs.cgpublications@scotland.gsi.gov.uk or by phone on 0131 668 8638<br />
Title Description Information<br />
TAN 21 Scottish Slate<br />
Quarries<br />
Outlines qualities <strong>of</strong> various Scottish slates and identifies<br />
Scottish quarries appropriate for fur<strong>the</strong>r investigation<br />
with a view to reopening.<br />
OUT OF PRINT<br />
112pp, A4, 2000 (PB),<br />
ISBN 1 9035 70 04 2<br />
£6.00<br />
TAN 23 Non-destructive<br />
Investigation <strong>of</strong> Standing<br />
Structures<br />
Advice and information on <strong>the</strong> range <strong>of</strong> non-destructive<br />
investigative and recording techniques available for<br />
examining historic fabric.<br />
72pp, A4, 2001, (PB),<br />
ISBN 1 900168 987<br />
£6.00<br />
TAN 24<br />
The Env<strong>ironment</strong>al Control<br />
<strong>of</strong> Dry Rot<br />
A study <strong>of</strong> <strong>env</strong><strong>ironment</strong> friendly methods for treatment<br />
<strong>of</strong> dry rot.<br />
76pp, A4, 2002 (PB),<br />
ISBN 1 903570 6 11<br />
£6.00<br />
TAN 25 Maintenance and<br />
Repair <strong>of</strong> Cleaned Stone<br />
Buildings<br />
A review <strong>of</strong> soiling and decay mechanisms that can result<br />
from previous stonecleaning and <strong>the</strong> suitability <strong>of</strong> a range <strong>of</strong><br />
repair methods.<br />
96pp, A4, 2003 (PB),<br />
ISBN 1 903570 80 8<br />
£6.00<br />
TAN 26 Care and<br />
Conservation <strong>of</strong> 17th<br />
Century Plasterwork<br />
in <strong>Scotland</strong><br />
TAN 27 Development and<br />
Archaeology in <strong>Historic</strong><br />
Towns and Cities<br />
Deals with a wide range <strong>of</strong> techniques and considerations<br />
for <strong>the</strong> care and repair <strong>of</strong> plasterwork from <strong>the</strong> first threequarters<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> 17th Century. Advice is <strong>of</strong>fered on materials<br />
and construction details, <strong>the</strong> taking <strong>of</strong> “squeezes” and <strong>the</strong><br />
running <strong>of</strong> cornices.<br />
This guide provides clear and practical advice to prospective<br />
developers on how to manage <strong>the</strong> archaeological issues<br />
arising from developing a site in one <strong>of</strong> <strong>Scotland</strong>’s many<br />
historic towns or cities.<br />
68pp, A4 2004 (PB),<br />
ISBN 1 904966 01 2<br />
£6.00<br />
68pp, A4 2004 (PB),<br />
ISBN 1 904966 02 0<br />
£6.00<br />
TAN 29 Corrugated Iron<br />
and O<strong>the</strong>r Ferrous Metal<br />
Cladding<br />
An outline <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> history <strong>of</strong> ferrous metal cladding in<br />
<strong>Scotland</strong>. The Note seeks to reinstate <strong>the</strong> material’s<br />
reputation as a significant vernacular building component.<br />
Technical guidance, documentation and <strong>conservation</strong><br />
techniques are discussed.<br />
54pp, A4, 2004 (PB),<br />
ISBN 1 900 168 83 9<br />
£6.00<br />
52 FOCUS | <strong>Historic</strong> <strong>Scotland</strong> 2011
TECHNICAL ADVICE NOTES (TANS)<br />
To order copies <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se publications contact us by email on hs.cgpublications@scotland.gsi.gov.uk or by phone on 0131 668 8638<br />
Title Description Information<br />
TAN 30 Scottish Turf<br />
Construction<br />
This gives details <strong>of</strong> all aspects <strong>of</strong> turf construction in<br />
<strong>Scotland</strong> from <strong>the</strong> material itself, methods <strong>of</strong> building and<br />
tools used as well as a number <strong>of</strong> case studies. Maintenance<br />
and <strong>conservation</strong> <strong>of</strong> such buildings are also considered.<br />
92pp, A4, 2006 (PB),<br />
ISBN 1 900 168 85 5<br />
£6.00<br />
Tan 31 Stone Masonry<br />
Material and Skills<br />
This Technical Advice Note describes <strong>the</strong> methodology used<br />
during <strong>the</strong> Glasgow project undertaken by <strong>the</strong> Scottish Stone<br />
Liaison Group. This project aimed to determine <strong>the</strong> repair<br />
needs <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> stonework in Glasgow, <strong>the</strong> quantity and <strong>the</strong><br />
type <strong>of</strong> stone required and <strong>the</strong> skills that will be necessary to<br />
carry out <strong>the</strong> repairs. The TAN is split into 2 main parts, <strong>the</strong><br />
first giving guidance on mechanisms and types <strong>of</strong> decay and<br />
<strong>the</strong> second gives a detailed description <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> approaches<br />
and methods adopted when carrying out <strong>the</strong> survey and<br />
recording <strong>the</strong> results.<br />
28pp, A4, 2007 (PB),<br />
ISBN 978 1 904 966 58 6<br />
£6.00<br />
<strong>Historic</strong> <strong>Scotland</strong> 2011 | FOCUS<br />
53
RESEARCH/STUDY REPORTS<br />
To order copies <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se publications contact us by email on hs.cgpublications@scotland.gsi.gov.uk or by phone on 0131 668 8638<br />
Title Description Information<br />
Research Report: Macduff<br />
Slate - Extraction and<br />
testing <strong>of</strong> Slate from Hill <strong>of</strong><br />
Foudland, Aberdeenshire<br />
Research Report:<br />
Ballachulish Slate -<br />
Extraction and testing<br />
<strong>of</strong> Slate from Khartoum<br />
Quarry, Argyll<br />
NHTG Traditional Building<br />
Craft Skills (National<br />
Heritage Training Group)<br />
These two volumes have been published following research<br />
work by <strong>the</strong> Scottish Stone Liaison Group in considering<br />
<strong>the</strong> viability <strong>of</strong> re-instating a supply <strong>of</strong> indigenous Scottish<br />
slate. Two sites were selected for investigation work and<br />
<strong>the</strong>se reports record <strong>the</strong> work undertaken and <strong>the</strong> resulting<br />
outcomes <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> research. (Research Report - Ballachulish<br />
Slate also available)<br />
These two volumes have been published following research<br />
work by <strong>the</strong> Scottish Stone Liaison Group in considering <strong>the</strong><br />
viability <strong>of</strong> re-instating a supply <strong>of</strong> indigenous Scottish slate.<br />
Two sites were selected for investigation work and <strong>the</strong>se reports<br />
record <strong>the</strong> work undertaken and <strong>the</strong> resulting outcomes <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> research. (Research Report – Macduff Slate also available)<br />
This report, produced by <strong>the</strong> National Heritage Training Group<br />
(NHTG), provides a detailed labour and skills needs analysis<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> heritage sector within <strong>the</strong> construction industry in<br />
<strong>Scotland</strong>.<br />
70pp, A4, 2008 (PB)<br />
ISBN 978 1 904 966 64 7<br />
£6.00<br />
66pp, A4, 2008 (PB)<br />
ISBN 978 1 904 966 63 0<br />
£6.00<br />
125pp, A4<br />
FREE<br />
The Consequences <strong>of</strong> Past<br />
Stonecleaning Intervention<br />
on Future Policy and<br />
Resources<br />
This research report assesses <strong>the</strong> effects different cleaning<br />
regimes have had on natural stone.<br />
240pp, A4 2003 (PB),<br />
ISBN 1 903570 89 1<br />
£6.00<br />
Scottish Ro<strong>of</strong>ing Slate:<br />
characteristics and tests<br />
This research report ties <strong>the</strong> geological properties <strong>of</strong> slate to<br />
its usability as a ro<strong>of</strong>ing material.<br />
218pp, A4 2002 (PB),<br />
ISBN 1 903570 60 3<br />
£6.00<br />
Chemical Consolidants<br />
and Water Repellents for<br />
Sandstones in <strong>Scotland</strong><br />
This report presents <strong>the</strong> findings <strong>of</strong> a 2 year project<br />
researching <strong>the</strong> use and effectiveness <strong>of</strong> consolidants<br />
and water repellents on Scottish sandstones including<br />
comprehensive conclusions.<br />
276pp, A4, 2003 (PB),<br />
ISBN 1 903570 20 4<br />
£6.00<br />
The Management <strong>of</strong><br />
Cropmark Archaeology<br />
in Lowland <strong>Scotland</strong><br />
Evaluation <strong>of</strong> Limestone<br />
and Building Limes in<br />
<strong>Scotland</strong><br />
This research report focuses on <strong>the</strong> processes <strong>of</strong> destruction<br />
which can affect ancient sites in a modern agricultural<br />
landscape and <strong>the</strong> ways in which <strong>the</strong>se can be managed.<br />
It is hoped this report will help to find generally acceptable<br />
methods for assessing <strong>the</strong> severity and urgency <strong>of</strong> threats<br />
based on information available without costly excavation.<br />
This report evaluated <strong>the</strong> qualities and performance <strong>of</strong> lime<br />
mortars from selected limestone quarries.<br />
87pp, A4, (PB),<br />
ISBN 978 904 966 6 54<br />
£6.00<br />
152pp, A4, 2003 (PB),<br />
ISBN 1 903570 81 6<br />
£6.00<br />
54 FOCUS | <strong>Historic</strong> <strong>Scotland</strong> 2011
RESEARCH/STUDY REPORTS<br />
To order copies <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se publications contact us by email on hs.cgpublications@scotland.gsi.gov.uk or by phone on 0131 668 8638<br />
Title Description Information<br />
A Future for Stone in<br />
<strong>Scotland</strong><br />
This study makes positive recommendations for <strong>the</strong> future <strong>of</strong><br />
Scottish building stone.<br />
144pp, A4, 1997 (PB),<br />
ISBN 1 900 168 46 4<br />
£6.00<br />
<strong>Historic</strong> Landuse<br />
Assessment: Development<br />
and Potential <strong>of</strong> a Technique<br />
for Assessing Landuse<br />
Patterns<br />
Joint publication by Ancient<br />
Monuments Division and RCAHMS<br />
This report provides <strong>the</strong> results <strong>of</strong> a two-year pilot project<br />
involving <strong>the</strong> development <strong>of</strong> GIS-based <strong>Historic</strong> Landuse<br />
Assement for a number <strong>of</strong> areas in <strong>Scotland</strong>.<br />
OUT OF PRINT<br />
PDF available on request<br />
32pp, A4, 1999 (PB),<br />
ISBN 1 900 168 62 6<br />
£6.00<br />
Impact <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Braer Oil<br />
Spill on <strong>Historic</strong> <strong>Scotland</strong><br />
Monuments in Shetland<br />
A case study <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> effects <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Braer Oil spill on stone<br />
structures in Shetland, to determine <strong>the</strong> overall impact <strong>of</strong><br />
oil on building stone.<br />
64pp, A4, 2001 (PB),<br />
ISBN 1 903 570 10 7<br />
£6.00<br />
The <strong>Historic</strong>al and Technical<br />
Development <strong>of</strong> Sash and<br />
Case Windows in <strong>Scotland</strong><br />
An account <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> historical evolution <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> sash and<br />
case window, detailing gradual technical and aes<strong>the</strong>tic<br />
refinements.<br />
160pp, A4, 2001 (PB)<br />
ISBN 1 900 168 86 3<br />
£6.00<br />
The Pattern <strong>of</strong> Scottish<br />
Ro<strong>of</strong>ing<br />
A detailed visual overview <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> range <strong>of</strong> ro<strong>of</strong>ing materials<br />
and techniques that are to be found in <strong>Scotland</strong>.<br />
184pp, A4, 2000 (PB),<br />
ISBN 1 903 570 09 3<br />
£6.00<br />
Studies <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Domestic<br />
Dry Rot Fungus Serpula<br />
Lacrymans with Relevance<br />
to <strong>the</strong> Management <strong>of</strong><br />
Decay in Buildings<br />
Scientific research underpinning TAN 24 studying how<br />
changes in conditions can prevent fur<strong>the</strong>r fungal growth.<br />
OUT OF PRINT<br />
PDF available on request<br />
220pp, A4, 2002 (PB),<br />
ISBN 1 903 570 83 2<br />
£6.00<br />
The Performance <strong>of</strong><br />
Replacement Sandstone in<br />
<strong>the</strong> New Town <strong>of</strong> Edinburgh<br />
This research report is based on an analysis <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> records<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> grant-aided restoration schemes supported by <strong>the</strong><br />
former Edinburgh New Town Conservation Committee.<br />
120pp, A4, 2004(PB),<br />
ISBN 1 903 570 98 0<br />
£6.00<br />
Laser Stonecleaning<br />
in <strong>Scotland</strong> – Research<br />
Report<br />
This report results from work carried out by Robert Gordon<br />
University and <strong>the</strong> Building Research Establishment<br />
to investigate <strong>the</strong> response <strong>of</strong> sandstones and granites<br />
to laser exposure.<br />
144pp, A4, 2005 (PB),<br />
ISBN 1 903 570 79 4<br />
£6.00<br />
<strong>Historic</strong> <strong>Scotland</strong> 2011 | FOCUS<br />
55
RESEARCH/STUDY REPORTS<br />
To order copies <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se publications contact us by email on hs.cgpublications@scotland.gsi.gov.uk or by phone on 0131 668 8638<br />
Title Description Information<br />
Charlestown Limeworks,<br />
Research and Conservation<br />
This research constitutes <strong>the</strong> findings <strong>of</strong> extensive archival<br />
research and <strong>of</strong>fers an introduction to <strong>the</strong> development <strong>of</strong><br />
lime production at Charlestown as well as <strong>the</strong> efforts made<br />
to conserve part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Limeworks complex.<br />
64pp, A4, 2006 (PB),<br />
ISBN 1 904 966 21 7<br />
£6.00<br />
Investigations into <strong>the</strong><br />
control <strong>of</strong> bi<strong>of</strong>ilm damage<br />
with relevance to <strong>built</strong><br />
heritage (BIODAM)<br />
OUT OF PRINT<br />
PDF available on request<br />
This publication describes <strong>the</strong> results <strong>of</strong> a 3 year EC-funded<br />
R&D project (BIODAM) which investigated <strong>the</strong> effects <strong>of</strong><br />
biological colonisation on heritage surfaces. It evaluated<br />
novel, low toxicity treatments and <strong>the</strong>ir ability to control<br />
<strong>the</strong> development <strong>of</strong> bi<strong>of</strong>ilms.<br />
104pp, A4, 2006 (PB),<br />
ISBN 1 904 966 20 9<br />
£6.00<br />
NEW IMAGE<br />
(replace existing wth<br />
this one)<br />
Research Report: Cost<br />
Action C17: Built Heritage<br />
Fire Loss to <strong>Historic</strong><br />
Buildings – Final Report<br />
Research Report: Cost Action C17:<br />
Built Heritage<br />
Fire Loss to <strong>Historic</strong> Buildings – Final<br />
Report<br />
Consisting <strong>of</strong> 3 ISBN parts, 978 1 904 <strong>the</strong> 966 5 Final 31 Report <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> recently<br />
£6.00<br />
completed European Science Foundation Research Project<br />
COST Action C17 “Fire Loss to <strong>Historic</strong> Buildings” has just<br />
|been published. Presented as 2 volumes, with a shorter<br />
Executive Summary <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Actions findings and<br />
recommendations, all are combined and contained<br />
Consisting <strong>of</strong> 3 parts, <strong>the</strong> Final Report <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
recently completed European Science Foundation<br />
Research Project COST Action C17 “Fire Loss to<br />
<strong>Historic</strong> Buildings” has just been published.<br />
Presented as 2 volumes, with a shorter Executive<br />
Summary <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Actions findings and<br />
recommendations, all are combined and contained in<br />
a slip case.<br />
Executive Summary <strong>of</strong><br />
recommendations A4, 32 pages A4, 32 pages<br />
Research Report: Part 1 A4,300 pages<br />
Research Report: Part 2 A4, 164 pages<br />
in a slip case.<br />
ISBN 978 1 904 966 5 31<br />
£6.00<br />
Executive Summary<br />
<strong>of</strong> recommendations<br />
Research Report: Part 1<br />
Research Report: Part 2<br />
A4, 32 pages<br />
A4, 300 pages<br />
A4, 164 pages<br />
Minimum Invasive Fire<br />
Detection for Protection <strong>of</strong><br />
Heritage – Research Report<br />
Manual Fire Extinguishing<br />
Equipment for Protection <strong>of</strong><br />
Heritage – Research Report<br />
Produced for Riksantikvaren (The Norwegian Directorate for<br />
Cultural Heritage) with <strong>Historic</strong> <strong>Scotland</strong>’s sponsorship.<br />
Volume 1 reviews <strong>the</strong> available range <strong>of</strong> fire detection<br />
equipment for historic buildings application, including line<br />
heat detection and area fire detection for wider townscape<br />
protection.<br />
Volume 2 evaluates manual fire fighting techniques,<br />
equipment and extinguishing media, taking particular<br />
account <strong>of</strong> impact on historic contents and building fabric.<br />
40pp, A4, 2006 (PB),<br />
ISBN 82-7574-040-1<br />
62pp, A4, 2006 (PB),<br />
ISBN 82-7574-039-8<br />
Hypoxic Air Venting for<br />
Protection <strong>of</strong> Heritage –<br />
Research Report<br />
Volume 3 examines innovative systems for modifying air<br />
oxygen concentration in enclosed spaces, setting out <strong>the</strong><br />
scientific background and considering heritage building fire<br />
protection application potential.<br />
80pp, A4, 2006 (PB),<br />
ISBN 82-7574-037-1<br />
£6.00 per set<br />
<strong>Scotland</strong>’s Shops<br />
This publication explains <strong>the</strong> chronological history <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
design <strong>of</strong> shops in <strong>Scotland</strong>, gives a technical background to<br />
<strong>the</strong> elements and materials used in <strong>the</strong>ir construction<br />
as well as advice on <strong>the</strong>ir <strong>conservation</strong>, and also includes<br />
a gazetteer <strong>of</strong> retail buildings around <strong>Scotland</strong>.<br />
200pp, A4, 2011 (PB),<br />
ISBN 978 1 84917 037 6<br />
£15.00<br />
56 FOCUS | <strong>Historic</strong> <strong>Scotland</strong> 2011
TECHNICAL PAPERS<br />
To order copies <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se publications contact us by email on hs.cgpublications@scotland.gsi.gov.uk or by phone on 0131 668 8638<br />
These Technical Papers present recent results <strong>of</strong> academic research in which <strong>Historic</strong> <strong>Scotland</strong> has been involved, ei<strong>the</strong>r as<br />
a research partner or as a commissioning body.<br />
The papers not only focus on issues <strong>of</strong> building <strong>conservation</strong> but are also concerned with broader issues, such as<br />
sustainability or indoor air climate, and <strong>the</strong> impact <strong>of</strong> such topics on <strong>the</strong> historic <strong>env</strong><strong>ironment</strong>.<br />
Title Description Information<br />
Technical Paper 1<br />
Thermal performance <strong>of</strong><br />
traditional windows<br />
Glasgow Caledonian<br />
University (2008)<br />
Technical Paper 2<br />
In situ U-value<br />
measurements in traditional<br />
buildings – Preliminary<br />
results<br />
Glasgow Caledonian<br />
University (2008)<br />
Technical Paper 3<br />
Energy modelling analysis<br />
<strong>of</strong> a traditionally <strong>built</strong><br />
Scottish tenement flat<br />
Changeworks (2008)<br />
This paper presents research results from testing <strong>the</strong> <strong>the</strong>rmal performance<br />
<strong>of</strong> traditional timber sash and case windows, comparing <strong>the</strong> original single<br />
glazed windows against various upgrading options such as blinds, curtains,<br />
shutters, secondary glazing and double glazing.<br />
Available to download only<br />
http://www.historic-scotland.gov.uk/technicalpapers<br />
This report summarises results <strong>of</strong> in situ U-value measurements <strong>of</strong> various<br />
solid stonewalls in five traditional Scottish buildings. It assesses <strong>the</strong> actual<br />
<strong>the</strong>rmal performance <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> traditional building <strong>env</strong>elope in order to<br />
provide guidance for energy performance assessment. The report also<br />
includes results from <strong>the</strong> testing <strong>of</strong> a solid ground floor concrete slab with<br />
and without retr<strong>of</strong>itted insulation.<br />
Available to download only<br />
http://www.historic-scotland.gov.uk/technicalpapers<br />
Four different energy modelling methodologies were tested in relation to<br />
a traditionally <strong>built</strong> tenement flat.<br />
Available to download only<br />
http://www.historic-scotland.gov.uk/technicalpapers<br />
FREE<br />
FREE<br />
FREE<br />
Technical Paper 4<br />
Energy modelling in<br />
traditional Scottish houses<br />
(EMTISH)<br />
Heriot-Watt University<br />
(2008)<br />
Technical Paper 5<br />
Energy modelling <strong>of</strong> a<br />
mid 19th century villa –<br />
Baseline performance and<br />
improvement options<br />
Integrated Env<strong>ironment</strong>al<br />
Solutions Ltd (2009)<br />
Technical Paper 6<br />
Indoor air quality and<br />
energy efficiency in<br />
traditional buildings<br />
Gaia Research (2009)<br />
This paper presents <strong>the</strong> results <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> energy modelling <strong>of</strong> three houses<br />
which were considered typical for <strong>the</strong> traditionally <strong>built</strong> housing stock<br />
in <strong>Scotland</strong>. The report lists and prioritises some <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> improvement<br />
measures available to achieve energy and carbon savings in such buildings.<br />
Available to download only<br />
http://www.historic-scotland.gov.uk/technicalpapers<br />
This paper summarises <strong>the</strong> assessment <strong>of</strong> a traditional, two-storey<br />
sandstone villa in rural <strong>Scotland</strong> in terms <strong>of</strong> its energy performance and<br />
internal comfort conditions. Dynamic <strong>the</strong>rmal modelling was used ra<strong>the</strong>r<br />
than steady state calculation methods in an attempt to record results<br />
from an alternative s<strong>of</strong>tware testing technique. The dynamic <strong>the</strong>rmal<br />
modelling enables factors such as <strong>the</strong>rmal mass and retr<strong>of</strong>itted draught<br />
pro<strong>of</strong>ing to be taken into account which are generally neglected in steady<br />
state simulations.<br />
Available to download only<br />
http://www.historic-scotland.gov.uk/technicalpapers<br />
This paper is a scoping study comprising a brief overview <strong>of</strong> indoor<br />
air quality and energy efficiency issues in traditional buildings. It has<br />
involved a desk study <strong>of</strong> existing publications, web based information<br />
and ongoing research. This paper also presents case study examples <strong>of</strong><br />
buildings – traditional and new build - demonstrating some <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> issues<br />
discussed in this study.<br />
Available to download only<br />
http://www.historic-scotland.gov.uk/technicalpapers<br />
FREE<br />
FREE<br />
FREE<br />
<strong>Historic</strong> <strong>Scotland</strong> 2011 | FOCUS<br />
57
TECHNICAL PAPERS<br />
To order copies <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se publications contact us by email on hs.cgpublications@scotland.gsi.gov.uk or by phone on 0131 668 8638<br />
Title Description Information<br />
Technical Paper 7<br />
NEW<br />
Technical Paper 8<br />
NEW<br />
Technical Paper 9<br />
NEW<br />
Technical Paper 10<br />
NEW<br />
This paper looks at <strong>the</strong> embodied energy aspects associated with <strong>the</strong><br />
procurement <strong>of</strong> building stone – how much carbon is used in extracting,<br />
processing and delivering stone from various sources. The benefits <strong>of</strong> a local<br />
sourcing <strong>of</strong> stone are discussed and options for fur<strong>the</strong>r study.<br />
Available to download only<br />
http://www.historic-scotland.gov.uk/technicalpapers<br />
This paper models <strong>the</strong> <strong>the</strong>rmal upgrades at one <strong>of</strong> Conservation Groups<br />
pilot sites – looking at present modelled energy performance against<br />
post intervention performance. It considers <strong>the</strong> differences between<br />
<strong>the</strong> various evaluations systems and why <strong>the</strong>se might occur as well as<br />
comment on <strong>the</strong> suitability <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Energy Performance Certificate when<br />
used in traditionally constructed buildings.<br />
Available to download only<br />
http://www.historic-scotland.gov.uk/technicalpapers<br />
Ten slim-pr<strong>of</strong>ile double glazing systems were measured on-site, and <strong>the</strong><br />
results compared with secondary glazing fitted to single glazed windows.<br />
The paper also presents findings on <strong>the</strong> embodied energy associated with<br />
such double glazing.<br />
Available to download only<br />
http://www.historic-scotland.gov.uk/technicalpapers<br />
This paper presents <strong>the</strong> results <strong>of</strong> in-situ U-value measurements <strong>of</strong> mostly<br />
walls, some ro<strong>of</strong>s and one floor. The building elements measured varied<br />
with regard to <strong>the</strong> building materials and techniques used to construct<br />
<strong>the</strong>m, finishes, insulation retr<strong>of</strong>its etc. The measurement results were also<br />
compared to <strong>the</strong> modelling results <strong>of</strong> s<strong>of</strong>tware programs.<br />
Available to download only<br />
http://www.historic-scotland.gov.uk/technicalpapers<br />
FREE<br />
FREE<br />
FREE<br />
FREE<br />
58 FOCUS | <strong>Historic</strong> <strong>Scotland</strong> 2011
GUIDE FOR PRACTITIONERS<br />
To order copies <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se publications contact us by email on hs.cgpublications@scotland.gsi.gov.uk or by phone on 0131 668 8638<br />
Title Description Information<br />
Stonecleaning - A Guide for<br />
Practitioners<br />
The original practitioners guide based on stonecleaning<br />
research, includes background on sandstone characteristics,<br />
<strong>the</strong> effects <strong>of</strong> soiling agents and a comparison <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> various<br />
physical and chemical cleaning methods available.<br />
122pp, A4, 1994 (PB),<br />
ISBN 0 7480 087 4 8<br />
£6.00<br />
Rural Buildings <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
Lothians – Conservation<br />
and Conversion<br />
Practitioners Guide 1<br />
Illustrated guide providing relevant information on <strong>the</strong><br />
design, construction and repair <strong>of</strong> traditional rural buildings.<br />
256pp, A4, 1999 (PB),<br />
ISBN 1 900 168 89 8<br />
£6.00<br />
Conservation <strong>of</strong> <strong>Historic</strong><br />
Graveyards Practitioners<br />
Guide 2<br />
Covers technical <strong>conservation</strong> issues relating to various<br />
elements <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> graveyard with advice on specialised<br />
repair and <strong>conservation</strong> techniques and an inventory<br />
<strong>of</strong> Scottish sites.<br />
204pp, 2001, (PB),<br />
ISBN 1 900 168 74 X<br />
£6.00<br />
The Conservation <strong>of</strong> Timber<br />
Sash and Case Windows –<br />
Practitioners Guide 3<br />
Provides advice on inspecting windows to assess repair<br />
requirements accurately and describes appropriate repair<br />
techniques.<br />
88pp, A4, 2002 (PB),<br />
ISBN 1 900 168 87 1<br />
£6.00<br />
Measured Survey and<br />
Building Recording for<br />
<strong>Historic</strong> Buildings and<br />
Structure - Practitioners<br />
Guide 4<br />
This Guide for Practitioners outlines <strong>the</strong> principles and<br />
practice <strong>of</strong> building recording, to inform all those<br />
commissioning or undertaking work on traditional<br />
or historic buildings.<br />
196pp, A4, 2004 (PB),<br />
ISBN 1 903 570 92 1<br />
£6.00<br />
Scottish Iron Structures -<br />
Practitioners Guide 5<br />
This publication provides an historical overview <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
production and use <strong>of</strong> wrought and cast iron in <strong>Scotland</strong> as<br />
well as guidance on structural appraisal, and appropriate<br />
<strong>conservation</strong> techniques.<br />
220pp. A4, 2006, (PB),<br />
ISBN 1 904 966 12 8<br />
£6.00<br />
Guide for Practitioners 6:<br />
Conversion <strong>of</strong> Traditional<br />
Buildings Parts 1 & 2 – also<br />
available in DVD format<br />
Guide for Practitioners 7:<br />
Fire Safety Management in<br />
Traditional Buildings Parts<br />
1 & 2<br />
This Guide aims to provide advice to practitioners,<br />
developers, building owners and local authorities regarding<br />
<strong>the</strong> application <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Building (<strong>Scotland</strong>) Regulations 2004<br />
to <strong>the</strong> conversion <strong>of</strong> traditional buildings. Its function is to<br />
support existing technical handbooks by identifying and<br />
resolving typical areas <strong>of</strong> difficulty that may be encountered<br />
during <strong>the</strong> conversion <strong>of</strong> such buildings.<br />
PUBLICATION OUT OF PRINT BUT STILL AVAILABLE IN DVD FORMAT<br />
The identification and assessment <strong>of</strong> fire risk with advice on<br />
its management and appropriate technolocy consistent with<br />
accepted <strong>conservation</strong> principles, as well as an overview <strong>of</strong><br />
legislation.<br />
68pp, ISBN 1 904 966 46 3<br />
160PP, ISBN 1 904 966 47 0<br />
£6.00<br />
Part 1, 79pp, A4, 2011 (PB)<br />
Part 2, 211pp, A4, 2011 (PB)<br />
ISBN 978 1 84917 035 2<br />
£6.00<br />
This publication replaces TANs 11, 14, 22 and 28.<br />
<strong>Historic</strong> <strong>Scotland</strong> 2011 | FOCUS<br />
59
GUIDE FOR PRACTITIONERS<br />
To order copies <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se publications contact us by email on hs.cgpublications@scotland.gsi.gov.uk or by phone on 0131 668 8638<br />
Title Description Information<br />
Timber Decay in Buildings –<br />
The Conservation Approach<br />
to Treatment<br />
Tackling <strong>the</strong> issues relating to timber decay, this joint<br />
publication from <strong>Historic</strong> <strong>Scotland</strong> and English Heritage<br />
forms <strong>the</strong> basis <strong>of</strong> <strong>conservation</strong> methods advocated by both<br />
organisations.<br />
252pp+8pp colour plate<br />
section, 1999, (PB),<br />
ISBN 0 419 188 20 7<br />
£37.00 (£34.00+£3.00 P&P)<br />
Stone in <strong>Scotland</strong><br />
LITERATURE REVIEW<br />
Mortars in <strong>Historic</strong><br />
Buildings<br />
OUT OF PRINT<br />
Stone in <strong>Scotland</strong> is <strong>the</strong> latest in an international series <strong>of</strong><br />
publications by UNESCO/IAEG describing stone resources<br />
in different parts <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> world. This volume catalogues <strong>the</strong><br />
Scottish stone resources and has been written by staff in <strong>the</strong><br />
British Geological Survey and <strong>Historic</strong> <strong>Scotland</strong>. <strong>Scotland</strong> is<br />
<strong>of</strong>ten referred to as a nation <strong>of</strong> stone and was once a major<br />
producer and exporter sending granite, sandstone and<br />
flagstone around <strong>the</strong> world.<br />
A review <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>conservation</strong>, technical and scientific<br />
literature relating to mortar in historic buildings. The<br />
publication considers compatibility and analysis <strong>of</strong><br />
historic mortars along with <strong>the</strong> design and development<br />
<strong>of</strong> new mortars.<br />
72pp, A4, 2006 (PB ),<br />
ISBN 1 92 104 031 6<br />
£14.00* (£11.00+£3.00 P&P)<br />
*Please note: no discounts<br />
can be <strong>of</strong>fered with this<br />
publication.<br />
84pp, A4, 2003 (PB),<br />
ISBN 1 903570 82 4<br />
£6.00<br />
OUT OF PRINT<br />
PDF available on request<br />
60 FOCUS | <strong>Historic</strong> <strong>Scotland</strong> 2011
CASE STUDIES<br />
To order copies <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se publications contact us by email on hs.cgpublications@scotland.gsi.gov.uk or by phone on 0131 668 8638<br />
Title Description Information<br />
Architectural Ironwork<br />
in Stornoway – (available in<br />
English and Gaelic)<br />
Case Study 1: Conservation<br />
<strong>of</strong> Phoebe Anna Traquair<br />
Murals at Mansfield Traquair<br />
Centre Edinburgh<br />
The stunning cast ironwork in Stornoway is one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> largest<br />
and best maintained examples <strong>of</strong> Victorian and Edwardian<br />
architectural ironwork in <strong>the</strong> country. It is <strong>the</strong> focus <strong>of</strong> this<br />
new publication which tells <strong>the</strong> story <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> ironwork, its<br />
enormous popularity in <strong>the</strong> 19th century, and how it survived<br />
in Stornoway despite vanishing from much <strong>of</strong> Britain during<br />
World War II, when large amounts were removed for <strong>the</strong><br />
war effort. The book has been produced in both English<br />
and Gaelic and has been put toge<strong>the</strong>r following <strong>the</strong> work<br />
<strong>of</strong> Ali Davey, an <strong>Historic</strong> <strong>Scotland</strong> Research Fellow, who<br />
photographed and recorded much<br />
<strong>of</strong> Stornoway’s ironwork in 2006.<br />
This Case Study gives an account <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>conservation</strong> <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> mural paintings by Phoebe Anna Traquair in <strong>the</strong> former<br />
Catholic Apostolic Church in Mansfield Place, Edinburgh.<br />
It examines <strong>the</strong> history <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> church and <strong>the</strong> murals.<br />
142pp, A4, 2008 (PB),<br />
ISBN 978 1904 966 31 9<br />
ISBN 978 1 904 966 9 44<br />
£6.00<br />
Book 1 ENGLISH<br />
Book 2 GAELIC<br />
164pp, A4, 2007, (PB)<br />
ISBN 1 904 966 50 0<br />
£6.00<br />
Conservation <strong>of</strong> Phoebe<br />
Anna Traquair Murals – DVD<br />
This DVD shows <strong>the</strong> techniques <strong>of</strong> <strong>conservation</strong> used for <strong>the</strong><br />
restoration <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> mural paintings by Phoebe Anna Traquair<br />
in <strong>the</strong> Former Catholic Apostolic Church in Mansfield Place,<br />
Edinburgh.<br />
£6.00<br />
Story <strong>of</strong> Phoebe Anna<br />
Traquair Murals – DVD<br />
This Case Study gives an account <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>conservation</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
mural paintings by Phoebe Anna Traquair in <strong>the</strong> Former<br />
Catholic Apostolic Church in Mansfield Place, Edinburgh.<br />
£6.00<br />
Case Study 2: The<br />
Investigation, Repair and<br />
Conservation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Doulton<br />
Fountain, Glasgow Green<br />
Case Study 3: Cottier’s in<br />
Context - Daniel Cottier,<br />
William Leiper and<br />
Dowanhill Church, Glasgow<br />
This Case Study follows <strong>the</strong> processes involved in <strong>the</strong> repair<br />
and <strong>conservation</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Doulton Fountain, commissioned<br />
for <strong>the</strong> Glasgow Exhibition <strong>of</strong> 1888, which stands on Glasgow<br />
Green. The structure <strong>of</strong> this imposing terracotta fountain<br />
had suffered badly from decay and vandilism and a major<br />
<strong>conservation</strong> project was taken to repair this damage<br />
culminating in <strong>the</strong> fountain being switched back on in 2005.<br />
This report details all stages <strong>of</strong> this process from <strong>the</strong> initial<br />
detailed research, planning <strong>the</strong> project, taking <strong>the</strong> fountain<br />
down, manufacturing replacement elements and <strong>the</strong> final<br />
re-erection <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> structure.<br />
This publication is <strong>the</strong> first <strong>of</strong> two volumes exploring <strong>the</strong><br />
life, work and influence <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Scottish-born designer Daniel<br />
Cottier, his contemporary William Leiper, and <strong>the</strong> only church<br />
decorated by Cottier to survive from this period at Dowanhill in<br />
Glasgow. Available from March 2011<br />
100pp, A4, 2009 (PB)<br />
ISBN 978 1 904 966 62 3<br />
£6.00<br />
179pp, A4, 2011 (PB)<br />
ISBN 978-1-84917-0529<br />
£6.00<br />
<strong>Historic</strong> <strong>Scotland</strong> 2011 | FOCUS<br />
61
TECHNICAL REFERENCE & GUIDANCE MANUALS<br />
To order copies <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se publications contact us by email on hs.cgpublications@scotland.gsi.gov.uk or by phone on 0131 668 8638<br />
Title Description Information<br />
Technical Reference Series:<br />
Saracen Foundry Vol. 1 &<br />
Vol. 2 (04/09)<br />
This volume is <strong>the</strong> first <strong>of</strong> a number <strong>of</strong> Technical Reference<br />
books to be produced by <strong>the</strong> Technical Conservation<br />
Group and celebrates <strong>the</strong> legacy <strong>of</strong> one <strong>of</strong> <strong>Scotland</strong>’s most<br />
successful and internationally renowned 19th Century<br />
industrial firms, Walter MacFarlane & Co’s Saracen Foundry.<br />
There are very few original catalogues <strong>of</strong> Walter MacFarlane<br />
and Co left in general circulation, yet <strong>the</strong>ir ironwork is<br />
common. This publication is intended to act as a technical<br />
reference for those involved in <strong>the</strong> <strong>conservation</strong> <strong>of</strong> existing<br />
ironwork, or assisting in <strong>the</strong> design <strong>of</strong> replacement items.<br />
Vol 1, 396pp, A4, 2009 (PB),<br />
Vol 2, 697pp A4, 2009 (PB),<br />
978 1 849 17 006 2<br />
£6.00<br />
62 FOCUS | <strong>Historic</strong> <strong>Scotland</strong> 2011
CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS/ABSTRACTS<br />
To order copies <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se publications contact us by email on hs.cgpublications@scotland.gsi.gov.uk or by phone on 0131 668 8638<br />
Title Description Information<br />
Stone in Context<br />
Conference Proceedings<br />
COST Action C17<br />
Conference Proceedings:<br />
Built Heritage Fire Loss to<br />
<strong>Historic</strong> Buildings<br />
Cost Action C17,<br />
Associated Publications<br />
CD<br />
Conservation <strong>of</strong> <strong>Historic</strong><br />
Graveyards Conference<br />
2001<br />
This comprises <strong>the</strong> proceedings from <strong>the</strong> conference Stone<br />
in Context Conference held in November 2007. Papers are<br />
included in <strong>the</strong> volume on a wide range <strong>of</strong> subjects relating<br />
to building stone in <strong>Scotland</strong> covering subjects such as<br />
masonry training, stone matching, sourcing local stone<br />
and operating a building stone quarry in <strong>Scotland</strong>.<br />
Consisting <strong>of</strong> 4 volumes <strong>the</strong>se conference proceedings<br />
are <strong>the</strong> final output <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> European Science Foundation<br />
Research Project COST Action C17 “Fire Loss to <strong>Historic</strong><br />
Buildings”. The action involved participants from over 20<br />
countries with <strong>the</strong> objective <strong>of</strong> quantifying <strong>the</strong> scale <strong>of</strong><br />
fire loss in historic buildings throughout Europe and <strong>the</strong><br />
exploration and promotion <strong>of</strong> methods <strong>of</strong> fire prevention.<br />
During <strong>the</strong> course <strong>of</strong> this action a number <strong>of</strong> conferences<br />
were held throughout Europe where fire loss and fire<br />
prevention methodologies both in terms <strong>of</strong> management<br />
strategies and new technology were discussed. These 4<br />
volumes comprise <strong>the</strong> proceedings from those conferences<br />
with and contain a great deal <strong>of</strong> information vital to anyone<br />
with an interest in or responsibility for fire protection in<br />
<strong>the</strong> historic <strong>env</strong><strong>ironment</strong>.<br />
This is a CD which has PDF’s <strong>of</strong> all <strong>the</strong> 17 volumes <strong>of</strong><br />
publications that were produced as a result <strong>of</strong> COST<br />
Action C-17. These include <strong>the</strong> final report and conference<br />
proceedings published by <strong>Historic</strong> <strong>Scotland</strong> in <strong>the</strong> last year<br />
as well as various o<strong>the</strong>r conference proceedings, 3 volumes<br />
<strong>of</strong> Norwegian research and <strong>the</strong> findings <strong>of</strong> an international<br />
research project comparing British and Swedish methods <strong>of</strong><br />
fire protection.<br />
Proceedings taken from <strong>the</strong> seminar in November 2001 run<br />
jointly with <strong>Historic</strong> <strong>Scotland</strong> and <strong>the</strong> Society <strong>of</strong> Antiquaries<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>Scotland</strong>.<br />
160pp A4, 2008 (PB)<br />
ISBN 1 904 966 84 5<br />
£6.00<br />
ISBN 1 904 966 61 6<br />
Conference Proceedings Part 1<br />
A4 240 pages<br />
Conference Proceedings Part 2<br />
A4 250 pages<br />
Conference Proceedings Part 3<br />
A4 292 pages<br />
Conference Proceedings Part 4<br />
A4 280 pages<br />
£6.00<br />
£6.00<br />
78pp, A4, 2002 (PB)<br />
ISBN 1 903 570 75 1<br />
£6.00<br />
Cost Action C5 – Lime<br />
Technology Workshop<br />
Proceedings taken from <strong>the</strong> <strong>of</strong>ficial titled ‘Workshop<br />
on Lime Rendered Facades’ and presented as part <strong>of</strong><br />
a pan-European meeting held in Sweden in 1998.<br />
44pp, A4, 2000 (PB),<br />
ISBN 1 903 570 02 6<br />
£6.00<br />
<strong>Historic</strong> <strong>Scotland</strong> Traditional<br />
Building Materials<br />
Conference 1997<br />
Papers raising awareness <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> value <strong>of</strong> traditional<br />
building materials and techniques and promoting <strong>the</strong><br />
use <strong>of</strong> Scottish resources including earth, clay, brick,<br />
slate and stone.<br />
136pp, A4, 1997 (PB),<br />
ISBN 1 900 168 48 0<br />
£6.00<br />
<strong>Historic</strong> <strong>Scotland</strong> 2011 | FOCUS<br />
63
CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS/ABSTRACTS<br />
To order copies <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se publications contact us by email on hs.cgpublications@scotland.gsi.gov.uk or by phone on 0131 668 8638<br />
Title Description Information<br />
Timber and <strong>the</strong> Built<br />
Env<strong>ironment</strong> Conference<br />
2002<br />
Coastal Archaeology and<br />
Erosion in <strong>Scotland</strong> –<br />
Conference Proceedings<br />
The aim <strong>of</strong> this Conference was to broaden <strong>the</strong><br />
understanding <strong>of</strong> timber as a building material and<br />
to <strong>of</strong>fer inspiration and awareness to designers and those<br />
in a position to stimulate future demand for this material<br />
in <strong>Scotland</strong>.<br />
Results <strong>of</strong> a conference held to address <strong>the</strong> effects <strong>of</strong> coastal<br />
erosion on sites and monuments in <strong>Scotland</strong> and <strong>the</strong> best<br />
ways <strong>of</strong> mitigating this recently recognised threat.<br />
112pp, A4 2004 (PB),<br />
ISBN 1 904 966 00 4<br />
£6.00<br />
210pp, A4 2005 (PB),<br />
ISBN 1 903 570 62 X<br />
£6.00<br />
Fire Protection and <strong>the</strong> Built<br />
Heritage Conference 1998<br />
Proceedings covering fire legislation, insurance, salvage, risk<br />
assessment, implementation <strong>of</strong> fire protection measures,<br />
sprinkler installation and fire management<br />
sin historic buildings in <strong>the</strong> UK and Europe.<br />
210pp, A4 2005 (PB),<br />
ISBN 1 903 570 62 X<br />
£6.00<br />
The <strong>Historic</strong> <strong>Scotland</strong><br />
International Lime<br />
Conference 1995<br />
OUT OF PRINT<br />
PDF available on request<br />
Conference proceedings drawing toge<strong>the</strong>r papers from those<br />
involved in <strong>the</strong> field on <strong>the</strong> <strong>the</strong>oretical, technical<br />
and practical issues in <strong>the</strong> understanding <strong>of</strong> lime.<br />
89pp, A4, 1996 (PB),<br />
ISBN 0 969 92 01<br />
£6.00<br />
64 FOCUS | <strong>Historic</strong> <strong>Scotland</strong> 2011
REFERENCE REPORTS<br />
To order copies <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se publications contact us by email on hs.cgpublications@scotland.gsi.gov.uk or by phone on 0131 668 8638<br />
Title Description Information<br />
Easel Painting Conservation<br />
– Technical Conservation<br />
Group<br />
This booklet is an introduction in words and pictures, to <strong>the</strong><br />
technology <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>conservation</strong> <strong>of</strong> easel paintings.<br />
32pp, A4, 2003 (PB),<br />
ISBN 0 903 570 88 3<br />
FREE<br />
Parchment/Vellum<br />
Conservation Survey<br />
& Bibliography<br />
Unique reference resource for paper and parchment<br />
conservators including detailed bibliography <strong>of</strong> related<br />
publications.<br />
48pp, A4, 2000 (PB),<br />
ISBN 1 900 168 90 1<br />
£6.00<br />
Sources <strong>of</strong> Financial<br />
Assistance for <strong>the</strong><br />
Conservation <strong>of</strong> <strong>Scotland</strong>’s<br />
<strong>Historic</strong> Graveyards<br />
Reference Report<br />
This Reference Report provides information about<br />
<strong>the</strong> sources <strong>of</strong> funding for projects seeking to conserve<br />
<strong>the</strong> fabric or natural <strong>env</strong><strong>ironment</strong> <strong>of</strong> historic graveyards<br />
in <strong>Scotland</strong>.<br />
28pp, A4, 2004 (PB)<br />
ISBN 1 903 570 07 7<br />
FREE<br />
A Pilot Study into <strong>the</strong><br />
Potential for a Building<br />
Stones <strong>of</strong> <strong>Scotland</strong><br />
publication<br />
This reference report explores <strong>the</strong> existing records and<br />
references for Scottish stone from national collections held in<br />
museums, private collections, geology societies and heritage<br />
trusts.<br />
36pp, A4, 2003 (PB),<br />
ISBN 1 903 570 87 5<br />
£6.00<br />
Researching your Graveyard<br />
– Reference Report<br />
A guide to <strong>the</strong> major sources <strong>of</strong> information for those<br />
researching <strong>the</strong> history <strong>of</strong> an individual burial ground.<br />
OUT OF PRINT<br />
PDF available on request<br />
32pp, A4, 2005 (PB),<br />
ISBN 1 904 966 07 1<br />
FREE<br />
<strong>Historic</strong> <strong>Scotland</strong> 2011 | FOCUS<br />
65
OTHER PUBLICATIONS<br />
To order copies <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se publications contact us by email on hs.cgpublications@scotland.gsi.gov.uk or by phone on 0131 668 8638<br />
Title Description Information<br />
Building <strong>Scotland</strong> –<br />
Celebrating <strong>Scotland</strong>’s<br />
Traditional Building<br />
Materials<br />
Building Stone Resources <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> United Kingdom Map<br />
Building <strong>Scotland</strong> examines 14 traditional building materials in<br />
total, including stone, timber, iron, clay and slate. Each chapter<br />
covers aspects <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> material such as how it has been utilised<br />
over time, geographical variations throughout <strong>the</strong> country, <strong>the</strong><br />
properties <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> material and examples <strong>of</strong> its use.<br />
This map is published by <strong>the</strong> British Geological Survey, and<br />
is a joint venture with <strong>Historic</strong> <strong>Scotland</strong>, and o<strong>the</strong>r principal<br />
heritage and industry bodies.<br />
196pp, A4, 2011 (PB)<br />
ISBN 9 780859 767101<br />
£25.00<br />
32pp, A4, 2003 (PB),<br />
ISBN 0 903 570 88 3<br />
£8.00* (£6.25+£1.75 P&P)<br />
Dictionary <strong>of</strong> Scottish<br />
Building<br />
*Please note: no discounts can be <strong>of</strong>fered with this publication.<br />
A handy record <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> vocabulary <strong>of</strong> Scottish building terms<br />
both in and out <strong>of</strong> use.<br />
OUT OF PRINT<br />
PDF available on request<br />
108pp, 1996 (PB),<br />
ISBN 1 873 190 45 X<br />
£6.00<br />
The Repair <strong>of</strong> <strong>Historic</strong><br />
Buildings in <strong>Scotland</strong><br />
Advice on <strong>the</strong> principles and methods <strong>of</strong> repair for those<br />
concerned with <strong>the</strong> au<strong>the</strong>ntic repair <strong>of</strong> historic buildings<br />
in <strong>Scotland</strong>.<br />
84pp, A4, 1995 (PB),<br />
ISBN 0 951 7989 2 8<br />
£6.00<br />
Sash And Case Windows<br />
A Short Guide for<br />
Homeowners<br />
(revised 2009)<br />
Booklet describing <strong>the</strong> common maintenance and repair<br />
tasks.<br />
12pp, A4, 2009 (PB),<br />
ISBN 978 1 904 966 57 9<br />
FREE<br />
Maintaining Your Home:<br />
OTHER PUBLICATIONS A Short Guide for<br />
Homeowners<br />
www.historic-scotland.gov.uk/<strong>conservation</strong><br />
(Revised 2007)<br />
(from Summer 2011)<br />
Booklet describing maintenance required to avoid costly<br />
repairs to a home.<br />
To order copies <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se publications contact us by email on hs.cgpublications@scotland.gsi.gov.uk, by phone on 0131 668 8638 or buy online at<br />
12pp, A4, 2007 (PB),<br />
ISBN 978 1 904 966 57 9<br />
FREE<br />
Title Description Information<br />
Traditional Shopfronts: A Short Guide for This Shop guide Owners gives advice on <strong>the</strong> <strong>conservation</strong> and<br />
This A Short guide gives Guide advice for on Shop <strong>the</strong> <strong>conservation</strong> and enhancement <strong>of</strong> traditional shopfronts and includes a brief<br />
enhancement <strong>of</strong> traditional shopfronts and includes a brief<br />
architectural history <strong>of</strong> shopfront design.<br />
16pp, Owners A4, 2010 (PB), ISBN 978 1 84917 032 architectural 1<br />
history <strong>of</strong> shopfront design.<br />
NEW<br />
FREE<br />
NEW<br />
16pp, A4, 2010 (PB),<br />
ISBN 978 1 84917 032 1<br />
FREE<br />
Conservation Case Study –<br />
Hanoverian Coat <strong>of</strong> Arms<br />
Building <strong>Scotland</strong> – Celebrating<br />
<strong>Scotland</strong>’s Traditional Building<br />
Materials<br />
NEW<br />
CD–Rom INFORM House<br />
Building Stone Resources <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
Revised 2011<br />
United Kingdom Map<br />
This booklet describes in colour photographs <strong>the</strong><br />
<strong>conservation</strong> and restoration treatment <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Hanoverian<br />
Coat <strong>of</strong> Arms above <strong>the</strong> Ravelin Gate at Fort George,<br />
Building <strong>Scotland</strong> examines 14 traditional 196pp, A4, 2010 (PB),<br />
building materials in total, including stone, ISBN 9 780859 767101<br />
timber, iron, clay and slate. Each chapter £25.00<br />
covers aspects <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> material such as how it<br />
has been<br />
Invernesshire.<br />
utilised over time, geographical<br />
variations throughout <strong>the</strong> country, <strong>the</strong><br />
properties <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> material and examples <strong>of</strong> its<br />
use.<br />
The INFORM House CD-Rom contains concise information on<br />
<strong>the</strong> care and maintenance <strong>of</strong> a broad variety <strong>of</strong> materials and<br />
building features, ranging from ro<strong>of</strong>s, windows and doors to<br />
ceramic tiles, interior paints and timber floors.<br />
This map is published by <strong>the</strong> British Geological<br />
Survey, and is a joint venture with <strong>Historic</strong><br />
<strong>Scotland</strong>, and o<strong>the</strong>r principal heritage and industry<br />
bodies.<br />
32pp, A4, 2003 (PB),<br />
ISBN 0 903 570 88 3<br />
£8.00 (£6.25=£1.75 P&P<br />
*Please note: no discounts can<br />
be <strong>of</strong>fered with this publication<br />
48pp, A4, 2003 (PB),<br />
FREE<br />
FREE<br />
66 FOCUS | <strong>Historic</strong> <strong>Scotland</strong> 2011<br />
Dictionary <strong>of</strong> Scottish Building<br />
A handy record <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> vocabulary <strong>of</strong> Scottish<br />
building terms both in and out <strong>of</strong> use.<br />
108pp, 1996 (PB),<br />
ISBN 1 873 190 45 X<br />
£6.00<br />
OUT OF PRINT<br />
Available to download FREE<br />
from www.tcg.gov.uk from<br />
Spring 2010
<strong>Historic</strong> <strong>Scotland</strong><br />
Longmore House, Salisbury Place, Edinburgh EH9 1SH<br />
T: +44 (0)131 668 8638 F: +44 (0)131 668 8620<br />
www.historic-scotland.gov.uk