informing the conservation of the built env ironment - Historic Scotland

I N F O R M I N G T H E C O N S E R V A T I O N O F T H E
B U I L T E N V I R O N M E N T
2011
See inside for
a list of all our
PUBLICATIONS

Front cover: Detail of Orkney Mill
Rear cover: Door knocker, Glasgow Cathedral
This page: Detail, Gallery of Modern Art

Welcome
Welcome to the 2011 edition of Focus. This annual
magazine gives an insight into the conservation work and
research projects of Historic Scotland, as well as being our
publications catalogue.
The last year has seen the commencement and
completion of some exciting projects. An ambitious
five-year project to restore the Renaissance Stirling Castle
Palace comes to a close in 2011 with impressive results.
The Scottish 10 project, which will see five national
and five international sites digitally documented, is
well underway; the UNESCO Neolithic Orkney World
Heritage Site as well as Mount Rushmore were digitally
documented in 2010 and two further sites are planned
for 2011; the stunning ancient stepwell at Rani ki Vav in
Gujarat, NW India and breathtaking St. Kilda here at home.
In May 2010 the technical parts of the Agency were brought
together to form Conservation Group. We have a significant
responsibility and range of operation but we remain
enthusiastic about the challenges ahead. Our climate
change research programme received a welcome boost
in 2010 with the appointment of Dr. Ewan Hyslop to the
post of Depute Director of Historic Scotland Conservation
Group charged with managing the agency’s climate change
and sustainability activity. It is an area we have made great
progress in with our partners and should be seen as a key
opportunity for our sector, rather than a threat.
2010 was an exciting year for the Technical Outreach &
Education team who ran the first ever Historic Scotland
Summer School. This week-long residential training course
was aimed at third-level students studying architecture,
planning, surveying and engineering. The programme
was designed to give these students an introduction
to the repair and maintenance of traditional buildings,
supplementing their own courses of study which are
often focused primarily on more modern buildings and
materials.
2011 looks set to be another busy year – we have a range
of events seminars and other things going on – hope to see
you at one of them.
David
Contents
News in Brief 4
- The first Historic Scotland Heritage
Science Conference
- Graveyards Seminar
- Scottish Traditional Building Skills
Audit Scoping Exercise
- School craft taster events
- Signing of memo
- Energy House
The Scottish Ten: Progress in 2010 7
Historic Scotland And Climate Change –
It’s Time For Action 10
Double glazing in traditional windows 15
Holyrood Abbey stone conservation 18
Thermal survey at Hill House, Helensburgh 20
The restoration of The Baptism of Christ,
St. Mathew’s Chapel, Cardross 23
Conservation work to the Kilmichael Cross
at Poltalloch Church 26
Conservation Heating at Kinneil House 30
Stirling Castle Palace Project 34
Skills for the Future project 38
The Scottish Inter-College Apprentice
Stonemasonry Competition 40
Historic Scotland Summer School Award 2010 42
New publications 43
Publication list 44
David S Mitchell,
Director of Conservation
H I S T O R I C S C O T L A N D 2 0 1 1
Historic Scotland 2011 | FOCUS
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NEWS IN BRIEF
The first Historic Scotland Heritage Science Conference
Historic Scotland held its first Heritage Science Conference, opened by Professor Anne Glover, Chief Scientific Adviser
for Scotland, at Glasgow’s Science Centre on the 7th September 2010.
The one-day conference offered a programme which explored a variety of topics designed to appeal to scientists and
non-scientists alike, including subjects such as thermal imaging, synchrotron radiation, and the development of a new
tool with olfactory ‘smell’ technology which could be used to evaluate old books without the need of invasive testing.
This conference highlighted
the importance and quality of
Scotland’s science output and in
particular showed the close and
productive working between
heritage institutions and specialist
university research groups.
Graveyards Seminar
On the 27th October 2010, professionals from the
building and heritage sectors came together for a oneday
seminar on the maintenance and repair of historic
graveyards at the St. Mungo Museum of Religious Art,
Glasgow. This proved to be a very popular seminar
with only standing room remaining at the back of the
venue. Delegates heard a series of lectures ranging
from practical topics such repair techniques for stone,
to broader issues facing the landscape and setting of
graveyards. The seminar was followed by walking tour
of the Glasgow Necropolis generously provided by the
Friends of the Necropolis.
Scottish Traditional Building Skills Audit Scoping Exercise Report
There has long been a widespread belief that many qualifications do not cater for the needs of traditional buildings.
Until now, the basis for this belief has been largely anecdotal. The Scottish Traditional Building Skills Audit Scoping
Exercise Report, developed in partnership with ConstructionSkills Scotland, Scottish Qualifications Authority and
Scottish Enterprise, lays out for the first time statistical information which reflects to what degree traditional skills
are taught as part of current qualifications. This is the first and crucial step in tackling the skills shortages that exist
in many traditional building trade skills. The report was formally launched on the 9th September 2010 with the hope
that continued partnership working with partners and colleagues will enable considerable inroads in redressing
these shortages.
To receive a copy of the report, please email ali.davey@scotland.gsi.gov.uk
4 FOCUS | Historic Scotland 2011

NEWS IN BRIEF
Auchinleck Academy pupils treated to craft skills taster event
Auchinleck Academy’s first year pupils were given the opportunity
to try their hand at traditional building skills at their school last
September.
Historic Scotland’s stonemasons, slaters, leadworkers and
conservators took part in the two activity days, giving pupils expert
tuition in a range of practical craft skills. These events are a great
way of showing the importance of traditional building skills to
young people and to help them understand how important it is
to maintain these vital skills in order to preserve Scotland’s built
heritage. It may also inspire some of them to take up one of these
professions and look after Scotland’s heritage for future generations.
Sign up for our enewsletter at
www.historic-scotland.gov.uk/conservationgroupnewsletter
Signing of Minute of Agreement
In January 2011, a new Minute of Agreement in support of the Scottish Historic Buildings Fire Protection Project was signed
by Historic Scotland and the Scottish Fire Services (co-ordinated by Lothian and Borders Fire and Rescue Service). This recent
milestone builds on a well-established partnership dating back to 2002 and will help to focus efforts on protecting Scotland’s
built heritage from the threat of fire.
The project has two primary goals - intervention and prevention. Efforts on the intervention front will involve working closely
with the fire services’ risk management teams to enhance operational preparedness at fire incidents in listed buildings.
Endeavours to prevent fires occurring will involve outreach initiatives to all those concerned in fire protection of the built
environment. Issues to be addressed are traditional building construction, the vulnerability of traditionally constructed
buildings in respect of fire and how to sympathetically address the issue of fire safety management in heritage properties.
2010 saw the launch of Guide for Practitioners 7: Fire Safety Management in Traditional Buildings, which provides guidance on
how to achieve a balance between conservation and fire safety requirements.
Under the umbrella of the project, Historic Scotland will continue to liaise closely with a number of organisations including,
amongst others, the Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland, National Trust for Scotland,
English Heritage, Scottish Fire Services College and Local Authorities.
Energy House – A new free interactive information resource
Following the enormous success of Historic Scotland’s first ever interactive INFORM House, final touches are currently
being made to the latest in the series; Energy House. This interactive information resource builds on the INFORM House
by providing a information in a variety of formats from concise information to more in-depth technical data and reports
and video clips. The Energy House is due to be launched later this year (2011) and will be available FREE on CD-Rom.
To pre-order your copy, please contact hs.cgpublications@scotland.gsi.gov.uk.
Historic Scotland 2011 | FOCUS
5

Scanning Mount Rushmore using the tripod rig.
Point cloud of Mount Rushmore.

The Scottish Ten: Progress in 2010
The Scottish Ten is an ambitious five-year programme which will see Historic Scotland and the Digital Design
Studio at Glasgow School of Art digitally document in 3D Scotland’s five UNESCO World Heritage Sites and five
international heritage sites. The resulting leading-edge data will be stored and shared via
our US partner CyArk’s web portal (www.cyark.org).
Reflections
Looking back on 2010, it has been a very busy year for
those involved with the Scottish Ten project. We’ve taken
the Scottish Ten message around Scotland and beyond,
presenting our work to date at many venues from local
history society events to international conferences.
We’ve forged strong and long-lasting links with our
international partners and we’ve carried out fieldwork
on two sites. We take a look here at some of the year’s
highlights…
The Centre for Digital Documentation
and Visualisation
In Spring 2010, the Centre for Digital Documentation
and Visualisation LLP was formally established. This is
a joint partnership between Historic Scotland and the
Digital Design Studio at Glasgow School of Art. Although
CDDV is primarily a vehicle to deliver the Scottish Ten,
it will also undertake appropriate commercial work to
generate income for both parties and fund research and
development to maintain Scotland’s leading edge with
3D documentation technologies. CDDV undertook its
first commercial project in April 2010, laser scanning the
entire UNESCO World Heritage Palace at Schönbrunn,
in Vienna, Austria. The laser scans were converted into
a 3D visualisation tool, which staff will use in facilities
management of the Palace.
Our First International Project
The team travelled to South Dakota, USA in May 2010
to carry out the first international project. The digital
documentation of Mount Rushmore National Memorial
was made possible by a unique partnership between
CDDV, the National Park Service and CyArk. Scanning
a mountain was never going to be easy, but it was the
unpredictable Black Hills weather that posed the first
difficulties. The team endured all four seasons within
the space of a few days, including a foot of snow and
lightning strikes. However, with a break in the weather
and with detailed planning and safety considerations
in place, the project got underway.
Point cloud showing detail on main palace building , Schönbrunn, Vienna
Historic Scotland 2011 | FOCUS
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The CDDV team split in two: one half working on the
top of the heads, the other working around the base
of the mountain and on the treacherous ‘tallus’ slope,
consisting of dynamite-blown fragments of rock. Using
a combination of scanners, and with a member of CyArk
regularly checking scan data and letting the CDDV
team know of gaps in the point cloud, they worked to
document the entire carving in 3D. For the areas the
team were unable to reach from either above or below,
a specially developed tripod rig was lowered down the
face of the mountain on ropes by members of the NPS
Rope Access Team, with the CDDV scanner safely secured
on one end. Once in place, the team was able to control
the scanner remotely for a safe location. Manoeuvring
the scanner was no easy task, but the results were well
worth the effort. The whole team feels privileged to have
taken part in this project and thankful for the enduring
friendships made there.
To The Heart of Neolithic Orkney
After a short break, the CDDV team headed north to the
Heart of Neolithic Orkney World Heritage Site in August
2010. There are several sites which make up the WHS,
and the aim was to laser scan all within the two week
fieldwork phase: Maeshowe chambered tomb, Skara
Brae village, the Ring of Brodgar, the Stones of Stenness,
the Barnhouse Stone and the Watch Stone. Not only was
the team laser scanning the monuments themselves,
but also the detailed Viking inscriptions present within
Maeshowe and the Neolithic carvings at Skara Brae.
The team also carried out a detailed traditional survey,
to tie into the laser data and increase the overall
accuracy of the data collected.
New challenges faced the team on Orkney while carrying
out the fieldwork; of course, the unpredictable Scottish
summer weather was at times an issue, and the clouds
of midges almost got the better of the team at Ring of
Brodgar! There was also the issue of site opening hours:
twilight tours at Maeshowe meant the team working
on the interior scans had to work a few night shifts!
Despite these issues, the project went very well, and
the team was spurred on by the great reception given
by the Orcadian people and by visitors to the sites.
The team also had the opportunity to put to use a few
new pieces of equipment, including a telescopic tripod,
which allowed scans at a height of 4m: this was a great
advantage when documenting the standing stones at
Stenness and Ring of Brodgar.
The laser scan data collected on Orkney will have many
practical uses for the conservation and maintenance
of the sites. It will allow for coastal erosion monitoring
at Skara Brae and condition monitoring of the delicate
carvings and inscriptions. Architectural drawings and
plans will be produced from the laser scans for sites
such as Maeshowe, which will assist our architects
with detailed conservation plans. The data will also
be used to create virtual tours and to explain the
evolution of the structures over time. Virtual reality
access to sites such as House 7 at Skara Brae, which
has not been open to the public for many years,
will now be possible.
Indian Adventure
Also in August 2010, a small team of CDDV
representatives travelled to India to meet with the
Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) and to visit potential
Orkney 3D digital documentation
The Orkney team
8 FOCUS | Historic Scotland 2011

Detail, Rani Ki Vav, Gujarat, India.
Rani Ki Vav, Gujarat, India, view from the top
sites for the second international project. Several
breathtaking sites in Gujarat were viewed, including a
Sun Temple, the Champaner Pavagadh Archaeological
Park and Rani Ki Vav (The Queen’s Step Well). After
careful consideration of the technical and logistical
issues each site posed, and in discussion with the ASI
and the Scottish Government, it was decided that Rani Ki
Vav would be the second international Scottish Ten site.
Rani Ki Vav was constructed around 1050 A.D. and served
as a communal water well. It is a fantastic construction,
descending some 27m below ground level, via a series of
stepped terraces, each intricately adorned with carvings
from Hindu legend and mythology. The step well was
excavated some 50 years ago, and is currently on the
UNESCO Tentative World Heritage List.
The level of detail to record will be incredibly challenging
within the timeframe for the fieldwork phase and there
are many safety considerations as the terraces face onto
the open well below. However, we are confident that
by utilising novel 3D recording technologies and by
adapting our existing kit, we can achieve great results
and produce stunning visualizations, helping to generate
the global profile that this wonderful site deserves.
The team will be travelling to India in March 2011 to 3D
survey fieldwork programme.
For those who have not yet visited the site, there
is information on the project and its origins, the
technology used, the sites involved, showcase galleries
of scanning work, blogs and initial results. Updates are
constantly added, so please do check back regularly:
www.scottishten.org
As we love to embrace all new forms of digital
technology, we have also been spreading the word on
the Scottish Ten via social networking sites, Tweeting
all the way from Orkney and India: www.twitter.com/
scottishten. Our digital animations are available to view
on the Official Historic Scotland You Tube channel: www.
youtube.com/user/historicscotlandtv, and images on
Flickr: www.flickr.com/photos/historicscotland
Do follow our progress on both our main Scottish Ten
website and our Tweets. With fieldwork in India and
St Kilda forthcoming, 2011 will surely be as busy and
exciting a year for The Scottish Ten as 2010 has been!
Digital Updates
The official Scottish Ten website was launched in late
August 2010 and has to date received over 15,000 hits:
a sure sign of the interest the project is generating.
Dr Lyn Wilson
Scottish Ten Project Manager
Historic Scotland
lyn.wilson@scotland.gsi.gov.uk
Historic Scotland 2011 | FOCUS
9

Historic Scotland And Climate
Change–It’s Time For Action
The Scottish Government has set itself challenging
climate change objectives: to reduce greenhouse gas
emissions by 42% by 2020 and by 80% by 2050. The
Scottish interim target is more challenging than the UK
target (34% reduction in emissions by 2020). To achieve
this, Scotland needs to improve hugely the energy
efficiency of its activities and to supply the consequent
energy requirements from renewable and low-carbon
sources. Meeting the targets will require a broad range
of actions throughout Scotland’s economy and society
-central government, local government and the public
sector, businesses, individuals and communities alike.
Changes in how energy is both generated and used,
and decisions made about travel, will be at the heart of
Scotland’s move to a low carbon society.
During 2010 there has been a flurry of activity with the
publication of a number of key major policy documents
and reports. These outline the Scottish Government’s
plans for achieving the ambitious targets set by the
Climate Change (Scotland) Act in 2009 and make clear
how the way that we respond to climate change will
fundamentally affect us over the next few decades and
beyond. This signals an important shift forwards in the
emphasis of the climate change agenda, away from the
policy scoping and production of statutory documents
towards the implementation of a range of actions,
policies and proposals needed to meet the targets.
The two main documents that immediately affect
Historic Scotland are the Guidance on Public Bodies
Climate Change Duties which came into force on 1st
January 2011, and the Energy Efficiency Action Plan for
Scotland (EEAP), published in October 2010. The Public
Bodies Duties provide a mechanism for organisations
to comply with the duties placed upon them by the
Act. The EEAP sets out the framework for the Scottish
Government’s approach to energy efficiency, with
the focus on energy and economic development
and reducing energy consumption in buildings and
transport.
As a large public body Historic Scotland must comply
with the duties arising from the Act. This means
we will contribute to the Government’s emissions
reduction targets, embed climate change actions into
our functions, and act in a sustainable way to provide
positive social, economic and environmental impact. In
addition, as part of the CRC Energy Efficiency Scheme,
Historic Scotland is committed to improve energy
efficiency and cut CO2 emissions by developing an
energy management strategy that promotes a better
understanding of energy usage.
In conjunction with the Carbon Trust, Historic Scotland
is developing a Carbon Management Plan, to establish a
firm baseline for current emissions from our properties,
set targets for future reductions, and identify a range
of opportunities where emissions can be reduced.
Historic Scotland is currently improving monitoring
and measurement of its energy consumption, including
installation of Automated Meter Reading (AMR).
Energy efficiency measures have the potential to be the
biggest source of emissions savings in the energy sector
by 2050, giving both environmental and economic
benefits. Compared with many of the alternative energy
supply solutions, investing in energy efficiency measures
offers the simplest and most cost-effective way to reduce
greenhouse gas emissions quickly. Historic Scotland
forms part of the Government’s Energy Efficiency Action
Plan and is committed to take a lead in researching and
promoting energy efficiency in traditional buildings by:
(i) carrying out research and case study projects, and
disseminating findings to and through relevant
partners, publications and digital media, to improve
provision of advice, skills and qualifications for the
public and professionals on energy improvement in
traditional housing; and
(ii) including energy efficiency in domestic properties
in existing and future regeneration and grants
programmes, such as the Conservation area
regeneration schemes.
10 FOCUS | Historic Scotland 2011

The current programme of research includes
investigating a number of technical solutions to upgrade
historic and traditional buildings and give owners
options for improvement that do not compromise the
important vapour dynamics of natural materials. These
options have to respect the historic fabric and balance
the requirements of planning, building control and other
legislation, with the needs and requirements of listed
buildings.
In the short term, specific investigations are underway
on a number of upgrade options for a range of
traditionally constructed building types:
• to investigate appropriate insulation options for
traditional mass walls;
• to publish case studies (detached traditional dwelling
and traditional tenement);
• to continue testing and evaluating specific
interventions, such as floors and wall insulation, in
conjunction with academic and technical bodies;
• to disseminate research findings, case studies and
advice via a range of media;
• to work with partners to develop qualifications, for
example for insulation installers and with professional
bodies such as the Royal Incorporation of Architects
in Scotland (RIAS), the Royal Institute of Chartered
Surveyors (RICS) and graduate training bodies,
to ensure appropriate course content for energy
efficiency.
We will be working with the Energy Saving Scotland
Advice Networks (ESSACs) in advising the public and
building owners on appropriate ways of improving
energy efficiency, and with partners such as SUST and
the Housing Energy Efficiency Learning Network to
improve advice to housing associations on appropriate
interventions on traditional tenements.
Trials are already underway on a range of building types,
and a number of new projects are planned to start in
2011. The results of research completed to date are
available on our website, published as Technical Papers
in PDF form.
Table listing technical reports on completed and current
energy efficiency projects. All these are available in PDF
format from:
www.historic-scotland.gov.uk/index/heritage/
conservation/conservationpublications/
technicalpapers.htm
Tech Paper 1 - Thermal Performance of Traditional
Windows - Revision 2010
Tech Paper 2 - In situ U-value Measurements in
Traditional Buildings - Preliminary
Results
Tech Paper 3 - Energy Modelling Analysis of a
Scottish Tenement Flat
Tech Paper 4 - Energy Modelling in Traditional
Scottish Houses
Tech Paper 5 - Energy Modelling of a Mid 19th
Century Villa
Tech Paper 6 - Indoor Air Quality and Energy
Efficiency in Traditional Buildings
Tech paper 7 - Embodied Carbon in Natural
Building Stone in Scotland
Tech paper 8 - Energy Modelling of the Garden
Bothy, Dumfries House
Tech paper 9 - Slim-profile double glazing
Historic Scotland 2011 | FOCUS
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Scottish Government reports and publications on climate change, available for download from:
http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/Recent
A Low Carbon Economic Strategy for Scotland: Scotland - A Low Carbon Society
The Low Carbon Economic Strategy (LCES) is an integral part of the Government’s Economic Strategy to secure
sustainable economic growth, and a key component of the broader approach to meet Scotland’s climate change
targets and secure the transition to a low carbon economy in Scotland.
Conserve and Save: Energy Efficiency Action Plan
The EEAP sets out a wide-ranging programme of activity on behaviour change, household, business and public
sector energy efficiency, infrastructure, skills, and finance.
Low Carbon Scotland: The Draft Report on Proposals and Policies: Scotland - A Low Carbon Society
The draft Report on Proposals and Policies fulfils the duty placed on Scottish Ministers by section 35 of the
Climate Change (Scotland) Act 2009 by setting out specific measures for reducing greenhouse gas emissions to
meet Scotland’s ambitious statutory targets.
Public Bodies Climate Change Duties: Putting Them Into Practice - Guidance Required by Part 4 of the
Climate Change (Scotland) Act 2009
Guidance for public bodies to assist them in complying with the duties placed upon them by the Climate Change
(Scotland) Act 2009.
Plot showing daily electricity consumption during the month of January 2011 for Arbroath Abbey. The installation of Automated Meter Recording (AMR) will
enable energy efficiency savings to be made through better monitoring
Sheep wool insulation being installed into attic space at Edinburgh Castle.
This material, commonly regarded today as a waste product, has excellent
thermal properties and is a sustainable solution in terms of natural
indigenous material with a low carbon footprint.
Ewan Hyslop
Depute Director
HS Conservation Group
Historic Scotland
ewan.hyslop@scotland.gsi.gov.uk
12 FOCUS | Historic Scotland 2011

Measuring U-values of traditional windows in Longmore House, as part of ongoing monitoring and improvements to Historic Scotland buildings.
The data will be used to provide advice and information on the energy performance of traditional buildings.

Dr. Baker setting up the in-situ measuring equipment (above) © Lister Housing Co Operative.
Typical Georgian windows in a Scottish tenement

Double glazing in traditional windows
How a building is glazed has a significant effect on energy efficiency and thermal comfort, so upgrading
of windows is becoming a priority for many homeowners and building managers.
Historic Scotland Technical Paper 1, published in 2008,
has shown that there is a range of options now available
to significantly improve the thermal performance of
traditional windows, generally sash and case windows
constructed from timber. Such measures include draught
proofing, the use of window blinds, shutters, curtains
and secondary glazing.
This article focuses on another improvement option,
slim-profile double glazing, which is of particular interest
in situations where window joinery is to be retained or
reproduced but the loss of existing glazing is acceptable.
Research on such double glazing systems has recently
been published as Historic Scotland Technical Paper 9,
presenting the findings of thermal performance and
embodied energy studies.
Slim-profile double glazing is of smaller thickness
than conventional double glazing. Both consist of two
panes of glass containing a hermetically sealed cavity
generally filled with inert gas. Whereas conventional
double glazing has an overall thickness of 20 to 25 mm,
the slim-profile units are only 8 to 16 mm thick. Slimprofile
double glazing is still thicker than single-glass
panes, generally 4 to 6 mm, but it is slim enough to
be fitted, in many situations, into windows designed
for single glazing. It is therefore possible to retain the
existing windows, or replace them like-for-like with
exactly matching timber profiles while still upgrading
the glazing.
In order to determine how different systems compare,
and whether these are necessarily the best option for
traditional windows, Historic Scotland joined a research
project studying the performance of various slim-profile
double-glazing systems during the last winter period,
2009/2010. The project involved retrofitting existing
windows, and exactly matching replacement windows in
nine tenements in Edinburgh. A different double glazing
system was installed in each flat. A tenth system was
trialled in an office. All buildings were of Georgian origin,
listed, in conservation areas and within Edinburgh’s
World Heritage Site. The windows were not original,
dating roughly to the 1970s onwards, but had
retained the original appearance of a Georgian window.
They were timber sash and case windows with 6 over
6 glass panes.
The project was initiated and funded by the City of the
Edinburgh Council together with the Edinburgh World
Heritage Trust and Lister Housing Co-operative. It was
developed and led by Changeworks, an Edinburghbased
sustainable development organisation. Historic
Scotland provided funding for on-site measurements
and the associated technical studies carried out by
researchers at two Scottish universities: Dr. Paul Baker
of Glasgow Caledonian University measured the
thermal performance of the glazing systems on-site and
extensively evaluated the data; and Dr. Gillian Menzies of
Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, studied the embodied
energy associated with the manufacture and installation
of the glazing. Parts of Dr. Baker’s study were carried out,
exclusively for Historic Scotland, after completion of the
Changeworks projects in spring 2010.
As part of the project, Dr. Baker measured the thermal
conductivity of the different glazing systems. These
measurements were carried out in situ, which in
practice involved working on-site in flats occupied by
tenants during the two-week measurement period.
The measurements therefore present indicative, rather
than precise, results. The latter would have required
testing in a laboratory.
The differences of the trialled double glazing systems
lay in the thicknesses of their cavities and glass, and in
the type of cavity fill. One system had an air-filled cavity;
most systems had their cavities filled with the inert
gases argon or krypton, or with krypton-xenon mix.
One glazing system achieved its insulating properties
by creating a vacuum in the cavity.
Historic Scotland 2011 | FOCUS
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a poorly insulating system has a high thermal
transmittance, and a high U-value.
The lowest U value (1.0 W/m2K), i.e. the best thermal
performance, was achieved by the vacuum-glazing
system. The highest U-value (2.8 W/m2K) was achieved
by the air-filled system. The U-values of the gas-filled
cavities ranged between 1.7 and 2.7 W/m2K depending
on cavity width and type of gases used, as presented in
the table overleaf.
Slim-profile double glazing fitted to windows of a tenement flat.
It is important to remember that these values are only
indicative, and can vary from the manufacturers’ data.
Furthermore, the values stated are centre-of-pane
measurements. However, a window does not only
consists of glass but also of timber in the form of sash
frames and astragals. Also, the edge of a double-glazed
unit performs less well thermally than the rest of the unit.
Slim-profile double glazing with vacuum cavity fitted into existing windows.
Please note the small metal plugs in the bottom left corner of each glass
pane which are specific to the vacuum system. Please also note the two heat
flux sensors fitted to the lower glass panes of the right window.
To assess the overall performance of a complete window,
Dr. Baker calculated ‘whole-window U-values’ using a
computer simulation program. This resulted, for 6 over
6 windows, in whole-window U values ranging from
1.9 W/m2K (for the vacuum system) to 3.4 W/m2K (for
the air-filled system). The calculations were also carried
out for 2 over 2 and 1 over 1 windows. For the latter
the results ranged between 1.4 and 3.0 W/m2K, clearly
showing that slim-profile double glazing performs better
thermally in windows with fewer, or no, astragals, and
with fewer but larger glass panes.
Slim-profile double glazing with two fitted heat flux sensors.
The thermal performance was measured in the
centre of the glass panes, and is expressed as U value
(or thermal transmittance co efficient) in W/m2K.
A well insulating glazing system has a low thermal
transmittance, and therefore a low U-value; whereas
So how does the double glazing then compare to the
alternative of installing secondary glazing? To provide
a comparison, Dr. Baker also calculated single-glazed
windows retrofitted with secondary glazing. These
achieved U values of 2.0 and 2.1 W/m2K for 6 over 6 and
1 over 1 windows respectively. Compared to the trialled
double glazing, the secondary glazing generally performs
better thermally than the double glazing systems,
except for the vacuum system which outperforms any
other option. In the case of 6 over 6 windows, secondary
glazing appears to be especially beneficial as it not only
improves the thermal performance of the single glazing
but also insulates the timber astragals.
Differences in thickness between a slim-profile double glazing unit (left) and a conventional double glazing unit (right).

Pilkington energiKare Legacy
Slenderglaze
Sashworks
Slimlite with Xenon & Krypton
Histoglass
Supalite
Type A "6 over 6"
Type B "2 over 2"
Type C "1 over 1"
Slimlite Air
Slimlite (X&K) with Secondary Glazing
Single Glazing with Secondary Glazing
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80%
Estimated reduction of heat loss through a whole window compared with single glazed window for three window types.
The embodied energy study by Dr. Gillian Menzies
found that the inert gases, used in most double glazing
systems, accounts for a significant proportion of the
embodied energy due to the energy-intense processes
needed to extract them from air. Xenon in particular
carries a very high embodied energy. The vacuum
double-glazing system appears to have the lowest
embodied energy compared to the other systems (when
transported to Britain by sea from its manufacturing
The results of the double glazing research are
available online as Historic Scotland Technical
Paper 9. The paper can be downloaded at the
following web link where also all previous
Technical Papers are available:
www.historic-scotland.gov.uk/technicalpapers
The Changeworks project is presented in more
detail in a Project Report available from the
Changeworks publications website:
www.changeworks.org.uk/publications.php
Further information and related planning
consultation documents of the City of Edinburgh
Council are available on the council’s website:
www.edinburgh.gov.uk/info/187/planningconsultations/1014/planning_consultations/3
country, Japan); however, further research into the
embodied energy for this product is required to make
this estimation more reliable.
Both slim-profile double glazing and secondary
glazing provide good options to improve the thermal
performance of traditional sash and case windows. Each
option provides the opportunity to retain, and re-glaze,
existing sashes. In situations where existing glass is of
special historic or architectural interest and replacement
is considered not acceptable, secondary glazing will
allow for its retention whilst still providing thermal
improvements to a high standard.
However, the thermal performance is only one
factor, and other factors, such as appearance, cost or
practicalities, were not considered in this research.
Which energy efficiency measure is best suited to a
particular location will still need careful consideration
on a case-by-case basis.
For listed buildings, or buildings in conservation
areas, please discuss the installation of slim-profile
double glazing and secondary glazing with the
planning officer at your local council.
Carsten Hermann
Senior Technical Officer
Historic Scotland
carsten.Hermann@scotland.gsi.gov.uk
Historic Scotland 2011 | FOCUS
17

Holyrood Abbey stone conservation
At the height of its glory, the 12th century Abbey at Holyrood was the Chapel Royal to the Scottish court which
saw Royal weddings and coronations. It fell into disrepair and ruin following the court’s move south to London
and the Reformation. Its iconic status is internationally recognised by its inclusion within the Edinburgh world
heritage site.
At the height of its glory, the 12th century Abbey at
Holyrood was the Chapel Royal to the Scottish court
which saw Royal weddings and coronations. It fell into
disrepair and ruin following the court’s move south
to London and the Reformation. Its iconic status is
internationally recognised by its inclusion within the
Edinburgh world heritage site.
Attempts to preserve or even restore the abbey ruins
have been going on since the 19th century at least,
and various stages of repair work are visible throughout
the abbey. Following a condition survey of the Abbey
entrances in 2009, a 3-phased programme of stone
conservation to these areas is to be undertaken over
3 years, commencing 2010-11.
Detail of fractured tracery on west entrance arch.
The urgent need for such works became more apparent
when carved ornament detached and fell from the west
entrance arch during the first sharp frost of Autumn
2010. Immediate emergency works were carried out
during which the delicate stonework was temporarily
strengthened with reversible acrylic resin. Fragile areas
were rendered in an acrylic mortar to prevent moisture
ingress and frost action which could put these areas
at risk of loss. These temporary measures are designed
to keep the masonry attached to the substrate while
preparations are made for the planned full conservation
works to begin in the New Year. With the early onset
of winter these repairs have become all the more
important.
Laser scanning technology was used to obtain an
accurate 3-dimensional record of the remaining west
entrance ornament. The scanner used for this survey is
accurate to 4mm range; the data obtained from the scan
provides a solid and accurate framework depicting the
whole structure, and could be used to create an accurate
replica of the arch and much of the carved detail that
remains. This archive record can also be used as a
benchmark against which future scans of the arch can
be compared. Following planned consolidation works,
it is proposed to use a close range Perceptron scanner to
add sub millimetre data
to this record.
Centuries of soot and pollution have led to the formation
of an impervious sulphate crust on most of the ruins
surfaces. The sulphate crust traps salts and moisture in
the stones, causing surface blistering or spalling. Hard
cement pointing has led to the preferential erosion of
joints and previous plastic repairs were supported by
ferrous fixings which are now failing and damaging
surrounding stonework. The fully undercut tracery on
the west entrance is particularly at risk as the carved
18 FOCUS | Historic Scotland 2011

Laser scanned image of west entrance - November 2010
detail is only attached to the substrate by thin ‘legs’.
These are now so severely weathered and often cracked
or soft that they are at risk of becoming detached and
falling off the arch.
The planned conservation works comprise reducing
the pollution crust to improve the permeability of the
substrate. This will be achieved most gently with a laser
cleaner, or steam cleaning and/or micro air abrasive
methods may be required. Friable surfaces will be
desalinated and then consolidated by re-introducing
lost quartz binder. Loose tracery will be re-attached to
the consolidated substrate using non-ferrous fixings and
reversible adhesive resins. All exposed ferrous metals
and harmful cement pointing will be removed where
possible and re-pointing will be carried out with a
suitable lime mortar.
The conservation programme will include the east and
west entrances and the east gable, starting with the
ornate west entrance as it is suffering the worst decay.
As with every major building, all aspects of the building
will require regular conservation in addition to regular
maintenance work and this is likely to be only the
beginning or rather an ongoing phase of the continual
conservation of Holyrood Abbey.
Nira Ponniah
District Architect
Historic Scotland
nira.ponniah@scotland.gsi.gov.uk
Christa Gerdwilker
Conservator
Historic Scotland
christa.gerdwilker@scotland.gsi.gov.uk
James Hepher
Surveyor / Spatial Analyst
Historic Scotland
Historic Scotland 2011 | FOCUS
19

Thermal survey at
Hill House, Helensburgh
Charles Rennie Mackintosh’s Hill House sits high above Helensburgh with fine views to the south over the Clyde.
Completed in 1903 as a family home, the house, its interior fittings, decoration and much of the present furniture
was commissioned from Mackintosh and Margaret Macdonald by Walter Blackie of the Glasgow publishing firm.
Asymmetrical and modern in appearance, the exterior echoes aspects of the style of the Scottish tower house.
It has been restored and maintained by the National Trust for Scotland (NTS) since 1982.
In common with many buildings where external
harling is cement-based, Hill House has suffered longestablished
damp problems which threaten the historic
interior fittings, furnishings and decoration. At the
request of NTS, Historic Scotland carried out a thermal
survey of problematic areas of the interior and exterior
in the summer of 2010 to inform the NTS approach
to tackling the damp problem. A thermal survey can
locate sub-surface damp in a structure by visualising
temperature variations caused by moisture evaporation
or trapping of moisture below the surface.
On the south-facing external wall, thermal imaging
located concentrations of moisture below the harling –
South
20 FOCUS | Historic Scotland 2011

solar heat is better retained by sub-surface water than
by dry masonry. These broadly coincided with areas of
dampness detected in internal rooms. At the east end of
the south elevation, moisture retention patterns above
ground floor level suggested water ingress through wall
heads and possibly also through cracks in the harling. In
other locations moisture penetration patterns indicate
the presence of rising damp. As there had been no heavy
rain in the two weeks preceding the thermal survey,
these patches of dampness implied significant saturation
of the structure below the harling. The thermal evidence
suggested that moisture penetration problems were
most probably due to rainwater penetration behind the
harling through cracks, defects at wall heads or from
rising damp, exacerbated by the inability of the structure
to dry out adequately due to the relative impermeability
of the cement-based harling.
The findings from the thermal survey will be used by
the NTS to help establish an appropriate repair and
maintenance strategy for the property. As Mackintosh’s
commission at The Hill House embraced all aspects of
its design, included much of the internal decoration
and furniture, any future strategy will have to balance
how best the aesthetics of his exterior are preserved,
while also considering how this impacts the ongoing
management of the interiors.
With thanks to the National Trust for Scotland Buildings
team.
Maureen Young
Scientist
Historic Scotland
maureen.young@scotland.gsi.gov.uk
Thermal image of external wall of the first floor room.
Colder (purple) areas show location of dampness on internal surfaces.
Thermal image towards east end of south elevation. Warmer (red) areas
mainly represent regions where moisture is retained below the harling.
Historic Scotland 2011 | FOCUS
21

Photo 1 – Restorer during the retouching phase.

The restoration of The Baptism
of Christ (1958)
During Summer 2010 Historic Scotland paintings conservators Ailsa Murray and Damiana Magris carried out
the restoration of the mural painting The Baptism of Christ, painted in 1958 by Zeljco Kujundzic (1920-2003).
The mural is located on the north wall of St. Mahew’s Chapel in Cardross (Dunbartonshire). We undertook the
restoration work due to the the critical condition of the painting and the international importance of the artist.
The investigation of samples was commissioned by Northumbria University for the identification of the material
and the technique used by the artist.
The artist
Zeljko Kujundzic was a sculptor and a painter whose
works have been included in exhibitions across Europe,
Japan and North America. Kujundzic, who was born in
Subotica (ex Yugoslavia, now Serbia) in 1920, came from
a family of artists and craftsmen. He began his artistic
training in Yugoslavia and continued to study painting
at the Academy of Fine Art in Venice (Italy) from 1939
to 1940, and afterwards in Hungary. During WWII he
was imprisoned first by the Germans, and then by the
Russians, but after escaping from both he eventually
returned to Budapest (Hungary) where he completed
his studies at the Royal College of Art between 1941
and 1944; and then took a post-graduate course in
the Department of Fine Art at the University from
1944 to 1946.
Photo 2 – General view of the mural painting before the restoration work.
Photo 3 – General view of the mural painting after the restoration work.
Historic Scotland 2011 | FOCUS
23

In 1947 he escaped from Hungary to Austria and then
obtained asylum in England. He later married and settled
in Edinburgh, where he lived until 1958. He was part of
a lively Scottish art scene and often exhibited in church
arts venues in Edinburgh. Moreover, he realised several
works of art commissioned by the Catholic Church,
including the mural at St Mahew’s Chapel, which is
probably one of the last works he carried out while in the
UK. At some point in 1958 he moved to Canada where
he founded and directed the Kootenay School of Fine
Arts. He was also Head of Pennsylvania State University’s
Art Department, retiring with emeritus rank. In America
he worked out of two studios, one in the small North
Central Washington community, the other in Osoyoos,
British Columbia.
His art was influenced by Native American art and
ceramics: “I create with awareness of a vast heritage of
art from which I draw my technical expertise. This knowhow,
integrated with curiosity and responsiveness to
life as I observe it in 20th Century America, is the source
from which my forms and imagery emerge. The centre
of my explorations is not only the human figure but the
human condition. Therefore, my art is expression of my
yearning for growth and my ambition for change[…]”.
He was always supporting the integration of cultures
to gain a universal language, as he said “Art must be
universally comprehensive so that the artist’s message
is conveyed to as much of the human race as possible.
Art can be the greatest unifying force in the modern
world, breaking down cultural and racial barriers,
and exalting the highest human values, and to do
this it must be a comprehensive exponent of its age.
This achievement will come as a result of a fusion of
the tradition and refinement of the orient with the
sophistication of the west”.
Description
The painting represents The Baptism of Jesus (see
photo 2); one of the most recognizable images in
Christian art. The episode, which is described in all
four canonical Gospels, marks the beginning of Jesus’
public life. The images in the Baptism are relatively
standardised: John the Baptist and Jesus, the Holy Spirit
in the form of a dove. The descent of the Holy Spirit is
combined with the act of baptism.
In Kujundzic’s painting Jesus is standing in the Jordan,
up to his knees in water, in a frontal pose with his arms
folded, an expression of submission to the will of God.
John the Baptist raises his right hand in the action of
pouring water onto Jesus’ head, with the other hand he
holds the slender cross. The Holy Spirit descends in the
form of a dove. Three stylized mountain peaks separate
the cosmic sphere from the earth. At the top right the
artist’s signature is visible (the first letters are missing),
dated 1958 (see photo 4).
Technique
The analysis of the two samples, commissioned by
Northumbria University, has identified the binding
media as casein. Both cross-sections show several
Photo 6 – Detail of the cross showing the active flaking of the paint layer
and the areas of loss
Photo 4 – Detail showing the signature and date.
Photo 5 – Cross-section of the paint sample from the sky.
24 FOCUS | Historic Scotland 2011

Photo 7 – Restorer during the readhesion of the paint layer; application of
the glue using a soft brush and japanese tissue.
Photo 8 – Detail on racking light during the readhesion of the paint layer.
On the left side of the picture the paint layer before the application of the
glue and on the right after the treatment.
Photos 9, 10 and 11 – Detail of the lower area before the retouching phase (left); during the retouching phase, where the visible retouching has been used (centre);
and after the retouching phase (right).
continuous thin layers of paint with the following
sequence (see photo 5):
a) grey ground – a mixture of chalk and clay;
b) followed by a white layer – a mixture of chalk,
blank fixe and tin oxide;
c) and a pale blue layer – white pigment and a small
amount of blue-green pigment;
d) a coating of wax (a mixture of paraffin and natural
wax) is present on top of the sections.
The mural is painted onto a lath and plaster substrate,
and the paint layer was applied onto the plaster support
when this was already dried using a casein binder media.
A final coat of wax was applied, probably to reach a
deeper general tone.
Condition
Although the plaster support appears dry, with no signs
of infiltrations, in the upper area of the painting there
was an active flaking of the paint layer (see photo 6),
and a conspicuous loss of the paint layer and the ground
preparation was visible all over, particularly in the lower
area (see photo 2). This suggests that the poor condition
of the painting was mainly due to the material and the
technique used, rather than from an environmental issue.
Treatment
The paint layer was re-adhered to the support using a
natural glue. The water-based solution was applied by
brush onto the surface. A japanese tissue (see photo
7) was temporarily applied to prevent further loss of
material while the flaked paint was re-adhered (see
photo 8). A thermo-regulated hot spatula was used to
help the flattening of the lifted paint layer.
The major issue was related to the retouching phase,
which was carried out using reversible colours –
watercolours – (see photo 1). The extensive loss of
original paint had made the legibility of the painting very
difficult, in particular the lower area. Consequently, the
object of the retouching was to reconstitute the missing
portions of the painting in order to make it legible,
always remembering that the retouching must restore
the legibility of the work while being confined strictly
to the actual area of missing original paint (see photo
9, photo 10, and photo 11). Two different approaches
were adopted to achieve the final result: in smaller
losses deceptive retouching was used, whereas in areas of
extensive loss and mainly in the lower part of the mural
visible retouching – chromatic selection was used.
Damiana Magris
Conservator
Historic Scotland
damiana.magris@scotland.gsi.gov.uk
Historic Scotland 2011 | FOCUS
25

Kilmichael Cross at
Poltalloch Church
Earlier this year the Applied Conservation
team undertook the conservation of this
neglected but very fine late medieval cross.
Following its conservation it was returned
to Kilmartin House Museum in Kilmartin
in June 2010.
The cross has had an eventful history prior
to it being placed at Poltalloch Church in the
old burial ground in 1858. The shaft of the
cross was originally discovered built into
the fabric of the old church at Kilmichael
of Glassery when the building was being
dismantled in 1827. Later the head of
the cross was also discovered in a nearby
field. The head and shaft of the cross were
clamped together using iron bands and
it was erected outside the churchyard in
Kilmichael, however it was then moved to
the private burial ground on the Poltalloch
estate built into a modern base where it
remained until earlier this year.
The cross is carved from chlorite schist
and the work is attributed to the Loch Awe
school of carvers. It measures approximately
1.8 metres in height although this is not its
original height having been shortened as
part of the repair process undertaken in
the 19th Century.
Prior to removal 2010.
The carving depicts on one side the
crucifixion occupying the disc-head and
below this on the shaft an interlace design.
On the reverse the head of the cross and
shaft are carved with further interlace and
scrollwork. Unfortunately as part of the
previous restoration work undertaken to
join the shaft and head of the cross, heavy
iron bands were attached to both faces
cutting through much of the carved detail.
26 FOCUS | Historic Scotland 2011

The project to move the cross and undertake its
conservation was primarily driven by concerns over the
stability of the cross and damage being caused by the
corroding iron bands. However there was also a local
desire to return it to its site of origin at Kilmichael of
Glassery and make it more accessible to visitors.
A conservation inspection was first undertaken in 2000
where concerns were raised about the condition of the
carving and the general stability of the cross. In 2005
a comprehensive condition survey was prepared in
advance of securing funds and considering conservation
options. The main recommendations of the report
were that the cross be removed from site in order to
allow the removal of the wrought iron bands and the
consolidation of vulnerable and friable areas of carving.
It was suggested that the cross be redisplayed under
cover or in a community building where its long term
preservation would be assured.
Excavation of the foundation.
In 2009 Kilmartin House Museum secured funding for
the work through the ‘Dalriada Project’ and identified
a new home for the cross at the museum in Kilmartin.
Whilst there was a desire to relocate the cross to the
local church in Kilmichael of Glassery, agreement could
not be reached on an ideal location and as such it was
thought that the museum would provide a good
interim solution to the problem.
Reinforcing bar through the shaft.
Work to remove the cross from site commenced in
February 2010. An aluminium lifting frame was erected
over the cross to provide temporary support for the
cross whilst the mortar joint at the base of the cross was
excavated. Specialist equipment was used to carefully
loosen the mortar around the base following which hand
tools were utilised to cut out the remaining material.
As part of this work an iron bar was discovered passing
through the face of the cross below the line of the
mortar joint. This was cut through on either side to allow
the cross to be lifted using the aluminium gantry. It was
lifted out of the socket and lowered onto ‘neoprene’
protection before being moved on a manual truck and
secured in the back of a van for transit to Edinburgh.
The substantial 19th century base was left as found
given the lack of space for it on the new site identified
for the cross.
The cross lifted from its socket (above).
Note the staining following the removal of the iron bars (below).
Something which had not been encountered before
was a brief ceremony conducted by a church minister
and members of the local community to bless the cross
before it was moved. This involved a bowl of holy water
and a sprig of boxwood dousing the cross on its four
sides by each person in attendance!
At Historic Scotland’s conservation centre in Edinburgh
the cross was re-erected in a temporary socket to allow
Historic Scotland 2011 | FOCUS
27

Old cement repairs being removed prior to consolidation and repair.
both faces to be properly examined and recorded. Work
then commenced to remove the ferrous bars from either
face. The method adopted was to initially drill the heads
off the eight rivets or screws securing the bars through
the stone. Having provided support for the head of the
cross from an overhead crane the bars were carefully
removed from the face of the stone. Considerable ferrous
residue and staining of the stone was revealed where
extensive corrosion of the bars had taken place. Areas
of cement mortar repair were revealed around fractures
between the head and shaft which had to be cut back to
allow the two sections to be separated.
The sections of the cross were then laid flat to allow
work to commence on the ferrous residue initially using
hand tools to carefully pluck the heaviest deposits away.
A YAG laser was then used to remove the staining that
had been absorbed into the pore structure of the stone
as this would not respond to other treatment. Included
in this work was the removal of biological growth to
allow a detailed examination of the surface prior to
consolidation work.
Removal of the ferrous staining using a YAG laser.
As part of the more detailed examination it was noticed
that the head of the cross and the top of the shaft did
not line up well. This discrepancy was down to the fact
that a significant portion of the shaft had been removed
as part of 19th century reconstruction. The cross was
then re-erected in the studio with support to the head
which was not permanently attached to the base at this
stage. It was thought it would make placing the cross in
its new location easier if the head were attached insitu
on its return to Kilmartin.
Laser cleaning in progress (above).
Post conservation with new collar stone (below).
Repairs were undertaken to secure friable fragments
and to replace areas where cement had been previously
removed. The holes where the metal pins had been
removed were also filled. In both cases an acrylic mortar
was prepared using fine chlorite schist aggregate
derived from specially crushed stone of a type found
in Argyll. Areas of hairline fracturing were injected
with acrylic resin in solvents to stabilise the surface.
A decision was made not to infill and recreate the areas
where the ornament had been removed. In discussion
with the director of the museum it was decided that
this should be left to show the earlier intervention and
not to cover up what was at the time thought to be
acceptable intervention.
A schist collar stone was prepared for the base of the cross
to a design commonly found with this type and period
of monument. The purpose of this stone to conceal the
concrete foundation and give a suitable finish around its
base. The stone was sourced from a farm near Kilmichael
and kindly donated by the owner for this purpose.
28 FOCUS | Historic Scotland 2011

The cross was returned to Kilmartin in June 2010.
Two concrete slabs were removed from the entrance
area of the museum and hole excavated in preparation
for a concrete foundation.
A timber shutter was prepared to fit the hole with
a polystyrene block in the centre to form the socket
for the cross. A concrete base was initially prepared to
support the timber shutter incorporating stainless steel
reinforcing rods evenly spaced around the edges. Rapid
curing concrete was then poured into the shutter around
the polystyrene block, screeded and left overnight to
cure. Following this the polystyrene block was removed
leaving the socket ready to accept the cross shaft.
Timber shutter for the new concrete base.
The cross shaft was placed in the socket with a PVC
membrane applied around the base to isolate it from the
socket. Timber wedges were used to provide temporary
support whilst a special fast setting bedding mortar
was poured into the socket. This was based on dental
plaster gauged with course concrete sand. This weak
composition is designed to allow the cross to be moved
at a later date without too much difficulty.
Concrete base prepared to accept the cross.
The base stone was then lowered over the shaft and
pointed with lime mortar. Ornamental gravel was placed
around the base over a ‘teram’ sheet to provide a suitable
finish around the base and to discourage visitors getting
too close to the cross.
The head of the cross was then attached using a
thyxotropic polyester resin combined with two threaded
dowels utilising two of the existing holes from the
previous iron band supports. The joints were finally
pointed with a colour matched acrylic resin mortar
mixed with schist dust.
The cross is now in a stable condition and in its current
position afforded considerable protection from the
elements. Visitors to Kilmartin House Museum are
now greeted by the cross which is the first exhibit
encountered on arrival at the entrance.
Acknowledgement should go to team of three involved
in this project which apart from myself included
Alan McKenzie and Thomas Goodlet. Also thanks to
Sharon Webb of Kilmartin House Museum, the local
community for their support and the ‘Dalriada Project’
for providing funding.
Weak plaster infill and d.p.m. (above).
Completed presentation (below).
Stephen Gordon
Head of Applied Conservation
Historic Scotland
stephen.gordon@scotland.gsi.gov.uk
Historic Scotland 2011 | FOCUS
29

Conservation heating –
Kinneil House
Kinneil House was the 16th Century Palace of the Earl of Arran and retains much of its fine wall decoration on
the walls of the two principal first floor rooms, only revealed below later additions in 1936. The Earl of Arran was
Regent of Scotland at the time and had the public purse at his disposal, so only the best would do. The scenes
take place within trompe-l’oeil frames with highly ornate friezes and also feature the heraldic arms of the mighty
Dukes of Hamilton, Scotland’s premier noble family. Some of this was replaced in 1634 by the artist Valentine
Jenkin who had also completed the repainting of the Chapel Royal at Stirling Castle.
The house had been heated in the normal way to
prevent mould, timber decay and damage to the wall
paintings. Monitoring of temperature and relative
humidity over the past few years revealed that the
environment in the building was not ideal for the long
term survival of the wall paintings and that a more
stable environment would be desirable. There are no
items of furniture, oil paintings or other fragile objects
in the house, but the wall paintings and the fabric of
the building – stone, plaster and timber – require the
correct level of relative humidity.
Relative humidity is a measure of the amount of water
vapour in air. 0% relative humidity is no water vapour,
100% means the air is saturated and water vapour will
readily condense onto surfaces. A range of 40% to 65% is
the target for most Historic Scotland properties although
this will depend on the specific property and what it
contains. The wall paintings are more tolerant of a higher
than usual level of relative humidity, up to a maximum
of 80%.
Installing a Hanwell controller.
There are not many rooms to heat within Kinneil House
and the boiler is a standard domestic oil-fired type.
It was controlled by a thermostat and a timer as most
domestic boilers are. The heating was set to come on
mornings and evenings for a few hours to keep the
building warm without using an excessive amount of
fuel. The thermostat for the boiler was on the floor below
the one where the wall paintings are, and so usually
gave incorrect readings. It would have been preferable
to locate the thermostat in the same room in which the
heat was directed, but this had been avoided as it would
have required drilling through the historic fabric of
the building.
This inability to accurately control the heating had led
to the following problems:
• In warm weather the building became overheated
as the timer would switch the heating on regardless,
leading to low relative humidity and increased fuel use.
• In very cold weather the building came perilously
close to freezing point inside, leading to a risk of burst
pipes, as the timer switched the heating off too soon.
• In variable weather there were large fluctuations in
relative humidity, risking the formation of salt crystals
in and on the wall paintings and the possibility of
resultant damage.
30 FOCUS | Historic Scotland 2011

3D cutaway illustration of Kinneil House
General view of Kinneil House, located on the outskirts of Bo’ness
Kinneil House is generally an unstaffed site with the
nearest depot at Blackness Castle, 15 minutes drive
away. Changes to heater settings were difficult to make
on a day to day basis. Because the site is unstaffed it
was possible to keep temperatures quite low as heating
to human comfort levels is not a requirement. Heating
at Kinneil is only needed in order to control relative
humidity and to prevent frost. The wall paintings are
sensitive to the wrong relative humidity or to rapid
changes in relative humidity, but are very unlikely to
be damaged by temperatures above freezing point.
Taking a lead from the National Trust for Scotland,
at properties such as Hill of Tarvit or Broughton House,
the use of a system of conservation heating to control
the environment inside the properties was investigated
and then adopted. A boiler is controlled by a humidity
sensor (humidistat) rather than a temperature sensor
(thermostat). In effect the heating stays off until the
relative humidity in the building rises above a set point.
The sensor will turn the boiler on only when the relative
humidity gets high. It will then switch the boiler off
again once the heating has had the desired effect.
This keeps relative humidity stable and no surplus
heating is used. It is the most efficient and controlled
way to heat a historic house with a historic collection
but it does mean that the house stays very cool in the
winter months. Often heating will be to no more than
10°C or 11°C in the coldest months. The system also
has an automatic switch-on when the temperature falls
below a set point, usually 5°C, to protect against frost.
In December 2009, a Hanwell Instruments CH-3
humidistat was fitted by electricians [previous page] as a
direct replacement of the previous timer and thermostat.
This humidistat is designed to receive a radio signal so a
transmitting sensor was paired with the controller on the
boiler and then placed adjacent to the wall paintings.
This allowed monitoring of humidity in the correct
rooms and removed the need to run any cables through
the building or disturb the historic fabric.
Historic Scotland 2011 | FOCUS
31

Temperature ( o C)
25
20
15
10
5
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Relative Humidity (%)
Before Intervention –
December 2008 to November 2009
Green band is the target for relative
humidity (black point cloud)
Temperature ( o C)
25
20
15
10
5
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Relative Humidity (%)
Environmental Conditions - temperature and relative humidity graphs
After Intervention –
December 2009 to November 2010
Green band is the target for relative
humidity (black point cloud)
Ongoing environmental monitoring of temperature and relative humidity has allowed comparison over the
first year of the new controller with the same period before the installation. The humidistat has proved to be
remarkably successful from the point of view of the environment within the building. The charts [above] show
the effectiveness of the humidistat.
The black point clouds are the actual readings and the green boxes are the target zones that have been set
(range 70%-80% relative humidity and 5°C to 25°C). It is clear to see that the environment is much improved
since the installation of the humidistat. There are far fewer periods of overheating and low relative humidity
that could cause salt crystallisation and damage. Very high relative humidity that could cause mould growth
and timber decay has been avoided entirely. It is also noticeable that the minimum temperature is now kept
safely above freezing. The heating system is now being used and controlled in a way that ensures the long term
conservation of the wall paintings.
There have been two main benefits following the change of approach from temperature to humidity control of
the environment within Kinneil House. The benefit to the fabric of the building is explained above, but we have
also seen a marked reduction in the quantity of fuel oil used by the boiler for the central heating system. This
is because we are able to accept lower temperatures within the unoccupied building whilst being assured of
stable and acceptable humidity levels.
Prior to installation of the humidistats, fuel oil usage was running at around 2500 litres every 4 to 6 weeks
depending upon the season. Current usage is around 1200 litres every 8 to 10 weeks, a saving of up to 70%
across the year. This amounts to a fuel cost saving of around £10,000 per annum and makes a meaningful
contribution toward our energy efficiency targets.
Historic Scotland works in partnership with the Friends of Kinneil to provide limited public opening. The House
is cared for by Historic Scotland
Rob Thomson
Preventive Conservator
Adrian Cox
Cultural Resources Advisor
adrian.cox@scotland.gsi.gov.uk
Robin Johnston
Head of Professional Resource Branch
robin.johnston@scotland.gsi.gov.uk

Painted decoration in the Arbour Room
Historic Scotland 2011 | FOCUS
33

Stirling Castle Palace Project
We recently took a renowned historian round the palace at Stirling Castle for a sneak preview of our
conservation and refurbishment works – he stopped, eyes wide, and said “wow!”. That’s the reaction we hope
the public will have when the £12 million project is complete and the doors reopen.
Our aim has been firstly to conserve and protect the
existing historic fabric of the building and to return the
six royal apartments, within the palace commissioned by
James V, to how they may have looked at the height of
their Renaissance magnificence in the mid 16th century.
Just a few years ago the building, with its splendid
external statues showing James himself alongside
Classical gods, looked like little more than an
ornate shell.
The royal lodgings were bare-walled and anonymous
after centuries of military use, the upper floor almost
inaccessible. This was a poor situations for the finest,
most complete Renaissance royal palace in Britain. It
was also a place of historical drama – the childhood
home of Mary, Queen of Scots before she was whisked
away to France. And it was here that her remarkable
mother, Mary of Guise, held court and began building
the powerbase which ultimately saw her elevated to
become regent of Scotland. Quite some achievement
for a young French noblewoman, stranded in a factionridden
foreign kingdom which was under attack from a
powerful southern neighbour, following the premature
death of her 30-year-old husband in 1542.
The palace, snug within the castle walls, was a place of
luxury, refinement, artistic beauty and endless plans,
plots and intrigues. After the Stewarts decamped to
England, the castle became a military base and from
Costumed performer with the tapestries ‘The Unicorn is Found’ and ‘The Unicorn is Killed and Brought to the Castle’

Artist’s impression of the King’s Presence Hall
Historic Scotland 2011 | FOCUS
35

1881 to 1964 was the training depot for The
Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders. They used the
palace as canteen, library and an officers’ mess
and quarters. Fortunately the army made few
major structural changes, modifying or covering
up the original fabric rather than tearing it out.
That has allowed us to recover the past.
The project is underpinned by huge amounts of
academic and archaeological research which has
teased out fugitive clues as to what the interiors
were once like.
Most contemporary records have been
destroyed but we have some surviving
inventories, listing furniture and tapestries plus
evidence from other royal and noble residences
of the period. A lot of Guise money and influence
went into the palace – as one of Europe’s greatest
noble houses, they were determined to display
their taste, wealth and power wherever family
members established themselves. To that end
French painters, woodcarvers, stonemasons and
others were brought over by Mary and James
to work alongside native craftsmen.
Historic Scotland has invested over £1 million
in employing some of today’s finest traditional
decorative artists and craftsmen to redecorate
the palace and make new furnishings and fittings.
Many are from Scotland, but once again there
was input from France as it is still the home
of some of the best trompe l’oeil painters to
be found.
In fact, it was the sight of walls richly painted
to look like they were draped with sumptuous
fabrics which prompted the historian’s
admiration.
Top: Artist’s impression of the Queen’s Presence Hall.
Bottom: Detail of a unicorn which has been embroidered as part of the Stirling Palace Project.
Right now we are moving in superb furniture,
including a large four-poster which will go in
the Queen’s Bedchamber. Embroiderers are
sewing beautiful cloths of estate carrying royal
heraldry, the windows will contain heraldic
stained glass, some floors will have carpets
hand-knotted in Pakistan, and we have
blacksmiths and carpenters at work on an
array of other items. A separately-funded project
involves hand-weaving seven huge tapestries,
based on the 16th century Hunt of the Unicorn
series in New York’s Metropolitan Museum of
Art. Each takes up to three years to create and
the finished items will adorn the walls of the
Queen’s Inner Hall.

Artist painting the trompe-l’oeil fresco decoration on the wall.
Replica Stirling Head number 20. This head, carved by John Donaldson,
depicts a female Worthy, perhaps with a musical notation.
For visitors the palace will be a ‘living’ experience with
costumed performers showing them round, sharing
court gossip and intrigue. One thing they will explain is
why the queen’s three apartments are fully furnished,
but the king’s are not – he died before the palace was
complete and may never have moved in.
Portrait of embroiderer, Mary McCarren, with the coat of arms which has
been embroidered as part of the Stirling Palace Project.
But the King’s Inner Hall, intended as the chamber
where the most important royal business was transacted,
will be a highlight. This is because its ceiling is decorated
with a replica set of the Stirling Heads, metre-wide
oak roundels showing Scottish and European royals,
Classical heroes, Roman emperors, as well as portraits
of real people in James’ and Marys’ court. Nearly three
dozen heads survive from the 16th century (there
were originally more) which stared down from this
and other palace ceilings. The replicas have been a five
years’ labour of love by local master-craftsman John
Donaldson, whose care and quality of work epitomises
the excellence of work throughout the palace project.
The upper floor has been converted into a gallery where
the original heads – sometimes known as Scotland’s
other crown jewels – will be displayed.
Woodcarver John Donaldson with the replica Stirling Heads which he carved.
for our history and to attract visitors from around the
world, making a valuable contribution to the nation’s
tourism industry.
Keep up to date with the palace project on our website
at www.stirlingcastle.gov.uk where you can also sign
up for our free e-newsletter.
The project also involves the creation of family-friendly
interactive displays and a refreshed castle history
exhibition.
Overall, this is the largest enterprise of its kind we have
ever undertaken. By giving new life to an important part
of our cultural heritage we hope to promote enthusiasm
Peter Buchanan
Stirling Castle Project Manager
Historic Scotland
peter.buchanan@scotland.gsi.gov.uk
Historic Scotland 2011 | FOCUS
37

Skills for the Future
Skills for the Future is an ambitious three-year project which will offer twenty bursary placements in a range
of disciplines relating to traditional buildings. The collaborative project will be lead by a number of partners,
including Historic Scotland, National Trust for Scotland, Scottish Stone Liaison Group, Angus College, Dundee
College and Learn Direct and Build. This project builds on the successful Masonry Bursary Scheme which has
already delivered twenty four year-long bursaries and over two hundred short-term bursary places, enabling
over 200 individuals to achieve the National Progression Award Conservation of Masonry.
The project is funded by a grant of £456,000 from the
Heritage Lottery fund and additional funding totalling
£610,000 from the partner organisations.
In all, twenty bursary places will be offered over three years
in four different disciplines:
1. Conservation engineering (6 bursary places)
2. Laser scanning of traditional buildings (4 bursary places)
3. Traditional skills in Angus (6 bursary places)
4. Energy Saving & carbon reduction in the heritage sector
(4 bursary places)
1. Conservation Engineering
Scotland contains some of the UK’s last remaining industrial
heritage sites where original machinery is still operational
and used in the original way.
The skills required to operate and maintain this equipment
were traditionally taught on the job and most of the
knowledge was passed from journeyman to apprentice
by word of mouth only. The last generation of time-served
men and women are rapidly dying out so we need to act
now to ensure that this hidden knowledge is captured and
our industrial heritage conserved for future generations.
2. Laser Scanning of Traditional Buildings
Laser scanning is a rapid, non-contact, accurate and
objective method for digital documentation of the as-built
environment from urban streetscapes, buildings and
heritage structures to archaeological sites and terrain.
Successful bursary candidates would work closely with the
digital documentation and visualisation team at Historic
Scotland and partner organisations on a range of projects.
Training would be delivered in-house by the team and
would include a guide to good practice and on-site tuition
in the principles and theory of laser scanning and digital
documentation as a whole.
3. Traditional Skills in Angus
Angus College, in partnership with Angus Council, has
undertaken a survey of local contractors to identify skills
gaps and training needs. The majority of those surveyed
work in the repair and maintenance sector on traditional
buildings and on conservation projects funded by Historic
Scotland, National Trust for Scotland and the Heritage
Lottery Fund. Although these contractors are already
undertaking work on many high profile conservation
The specific skills involved in this strand will include
working on projects such as Knockando Woollen Mill
which is one of the last remaining working woollen Mills
in Scotland. This project will include recording the mill
equipment, removing the machinery, repairing and
reinstating the machinery in the renovated mill building.
The skills gained at Knockando will be transferable to
other areas including printing and other mill sites
throughout Scotland.
There is also a need for active investigation into the
conservation of large working machinery as there is
a gap in conservation knowledge in this area.
38 FOCUS | Historic Scotland 2011

projects, they have themselves recognised the need for
more training in traditional skills specific to their local
area. To that end Angus College is working with these
contractors to develop training courses. The development
of these courses is being supported by Construction
Skills, Scottish Stone Liaison Group, the National Trust for
Scotland and Historic Scotland.
Four key traditional skills have been identified:
1. Winning and working with Angus Stone
2. Repair and maintenance of Clay and Earth Structures
3. Timber Structures and traditional carpentry and joinery
4. Leadwork
4. Energy Saving & Carbon Reduction in the
Heritage Sector
Climate Change and Sustainability is undoubtedly the
greatest global challenge facing society, but the emphasis
in the climate change debate is upon measures to reduce or
off-set carbon emissions and building zero-carbon homes.
Maintaining, re-using and improving the energy efficiency
within the existing building stock including pre-1919
builds (accounting for between 20-33% of the UK’s building
stock) rather than demolishing and replacing this with new
buildings, is one of the most sustainable acts of preserving
scarce natural, non-renewable resources.
Historic Scotland is actively researching energy saving
and carbon reduction in the heritage built environment.
However to date there has been little activity in up-skilling
the work force in what is a new area of skills – a blend of
energy/carbon saving and conservation knowledge and
skills. This skills blend is needed to repair, maintain and
retrofit traditionally constructed buildings and to install the
devices that will save energy and reduce carbon footprints
whilst ensuring that the character of the traditional
building stock is maintained.
Successful candidates will complete their placements
based with our project partner Dundee College, a college
that is fast gaining a reputation for leading on sustainable
construction methods.
Thanks to significant investment from the Heritage
Lottery Fund and the project partners combined with
joint collaboration, Skills for the Future looks set to make
tremendous inroads into reducing the existing skills and
knowledge gaps facing the repair, maintenance and
adaptation of traditional buildings.
Ian Walker
Head of Traditional Building Skills
Historic Scotland
ian.walker3@scotland.gsi.gov.uk
Historic Scotland 2011 | FOCUS
39

The Scottish Inter College Apprentice
Stonemasonry Competition
Two of Historic Scotland’s apprentices have been crowned winners of the first Inter College Apprentice
Stonemasonry Competition held at Glasgow’s Metropolitan College on the 24th 25th and 26th of April 2009.
Representing Historic Scotland’s Elgin Stonemasonry
Training Facility, Kenny McCaffrey based at St Andrews
Cathedral and Malcolm Hutcheon from Kildrummie
Castle in Aberdeen beat off competition from both
Edinburgh’s Telford College and Glasgow’s Metropolitan
College to win the award and receive a prize of a two
week work and study trip to the USA.
During the study trip both Kenny and Malcolm departed
for Virginia to spend time with James Price of Virginia
Lime Works. There they had the opportunity to learn
more about the use and technology of lime mortar in
the USA from burning to slaking and its use in Americas
heritage. They also studied some of America’s heritage
brickwork including decorative and “gauged” brickwork.
They also had an insight into the use of lime in
eco-build projects.
Kenny and Malcolm gained experience in traditional lime
plastering on wooden lath on a cottage project and Brick
Rubbing and Moulding in the workshop.
Kenny and Malcolm then travelled on to New York City
to work with Abyssinian Development Corp (ADC), in
their YOUTHBUILD Programme in Harlem. One of the key
aims of ADC is to achieve revitalisation of the community
through focussing on the physical infrastructure. To help
achieve this, ADC has implemented YOUTHBUILD,
a nationally recognised workforce development initiative
for “at risk” kids.
Kenny McCaffrey at work
40 FOCUS | Historic Scotland 2011

Malcolm Hutcheon at work
During the placement with ADC Kenny and Malcolm
undertook a two day workshop with Harlem’s out-ofschool
youth between the ages of 16-24 giving them an
insight into the work of Historic Scotland with practical
demonstrations in masonry hewing and building
conservation techniques.
Time was also spent with Chris Pelletieri the stone carver
in residence at The Cathedral of St John the Devine,
where they took a tour of the Cathedral, Workshops,
and discussed masonry and materials and shared craft
techniques.
Kenny and Malcolm join the long list of talent that
annually qualifies from Historic Scotland’s Masonry
Training Centre in Elgin, managed by Graham Campbell
and Alan Cormie.
Graham Campbell – Training Manager at Elgin Training
Centre said: “The inception of this Stonemasonry
Competition is incredibly positive for the traditional skills
taught in Scotland. All three stonemasonry colleges took
part in the competition to build and carve a stone pillar
over two days. We were delighted when we were told
that we were the winning team.”
Fellowship programme and was assured he’d show the
guys a great time.
Jimmy and his team have done work on the various
prestigious buildings all over the states from the
Washington State monument and Castillo de Marquis
fort in Florida to the Whitehouse itself! Also several expresidential
holiday retreats such as Jefferson’s Popular
Forest, and Madison’s Montpellier.
The competition which will now become an annual
event is sponsored by Historic Scotland in partnership
with The Scottish Stone Liaison Group, (SSLG) and
Construction Skills and aims to raise the awareness of
traditional skills in Scotland by inviting each masonry
college in Scotland to put forward a team of two
candidates to compete over the duration of the event.
The competition concludes when each team is assessed
on their hewing and building skills and a group of
assessors from across the Stonemasonry Industry chose
the winners.
I believe the next competition is for a trip to Romania for
two weeks, so hopefully the apprentices we select will
give it their best when that comes around.
The prize which Kenny McCaffrey and Malcolm Hutcheon
won was a fantastic one. They both relished the
experience of working with Jimmy Price at Virginia Lime
works, where they worked with lime mortar on various
projects. I’ve known Jimmy personally for over 8 years,
since I spent some time there while on the Quinque
Charles Jones
Traditional skills officer
Historic Scotland
charles.jones@scotland.gsi.gov.uk
Historic Scotland 2011 | FOCUS
41

First Ever Historic Scotland
Summer School 2010
In August 2010 Historic Scotland held its first ever residential summer school. The week long course was
aimed at students studying a range of disciplines from architecture and planning to building surveying and
engineering. Undergraduates from across Scotland were invited to apply for a place on the course and the
successful candidates received an Award Certificate on completion of the course.
The summer school was designed to provide
undergraduate students, who would otherwise have
little opportunity to learn about traditional buildings,
with an introduction to maintenance and repair
approaches and techniques for such structures.
Based at the Historic Scotland depot in Stirling
throughout the week, the students took part in sessions
on traditional materials such as stone, slate and iron
as well as current issues including energy efficiency
in traditional buildings. The students also had the
opportunity to visit and take part in live projects
including lime washing of the Great Hall at Stirling
Castle and to attend practical sessions in masonry
pointing and lead work.
HS Chief Executive, Ruth Parsons, presents certificates to participants
for traditional buildings that would remain with them
for the rest of their lives.
David Mitchell, Director of Historic Scotland’s
Conservation Group said that “It is important that we
get the opportunity to work with the next generation
of building professionals and events such as these are
an important platform to do so.
“Ultimately we want to give undergraduates the
opportunity to learn about Scotland’s rich traditional
building stock in an engaging, informative way.
Students enjoying a sunny practical training session
Whilst there are many excellent courses running
throughout Scotland in the building sector, this course
enabled Historic Scotland to reach out to those who
enter the field with little experience of traditional
buildings and to extend their employability. It was also
intended to give the students the opportunity to hear
about some of the challenges and opportunities facing
the sector – and hopefully develop a passion
“Skills are the lifeblood of our industry and events like
these provide a great opportunity to demonstrate
firsthand the fantastic work that it going on to care
and protect our built heritage.”
Ali Davey
Head of Technical Outreach & Education
Historic Scotland
ali.davey@scotland.gsi.gov.uk
42 FOCUS | Historic Scotland 2011

APS Group (Scotland)
142797 (03/11)
ISBN 978-1-84917-052-9
9 781849 170529
COTTIER’S IN
CONTEXT
DANIEL COTTIER,
WILLIAM LEIPER
AND DOWANHILL
CHURCH,
GLASGOW
NEW PUBLICATIONS
To order copies of these publications contact us by email on hs.cgpublications@scotland.gsi.gov.uk or by phone on 0131 668 863
Title Description Information
Traditional Shopfronts:
This guide gives advice on the conservation and enhancement
16pp, A4, 2010 (PB),
A Short Guide for Shop
of traditional shopfronts and includes a brief architectural
ISBN 978 1 84917 032 1
Owners
history of shopfront design.
FREE
3 Case Study
Cottier’s in Context Daniel Cottier, William Leiper and Dowanhill Church, Glasgow
3 Case Study Cottier’s in Context Daniel Cottier, William Leiper and Dowanhill Church, Glasgow
Case
3 Study
Case Study 3: Cottier’s in
Context - Daniel Cottier,
William Leiper and
Dowanhill Church, Glasgow
This publication is the first of two volumes exploring the
life, work and influence of the Scottish-born designer Daniel
Cottier, his contemporary William Leiper, and the only church
decorated by Cottier to survive from this period at Dowanhill in
Glasgow. Available from March 2011
179pp, A4, 2011 (PB)
ISBN 978-1-84917-0529
£6.00
Technical Paper 7
This paper looks at the embodied energy aspects associated
FREE
with the procurement of building stone – how much carbon
is used in extracting, processing and delivering stone from
various sources. The benefits of a local sourcing of stone are
discussed and options for further study.
Available to download only
http://www.historic-scotland.gov.uk/technicalpapers
Technical Paper 8
This paper models the thermal upgrades at one of
FREE
Conservation Groups pilot sites – looking at present
modelled energy performance against post intervention
performance. It considers the differences between the
various evaluations systems and why these might occur as
well as comment on the suitability of the Energy Performance
Certificate when used in traditionally constructed buildings.
Available to download only
http://www.historic-scotland.gov.uk/technicalpapers
Technical Paper 9
Ten slim-profile double glazing systems were measured on-
FREE
site, and the results compared with secondary glazing fitted
to single glazed windows. The paper also presents findings
on the embodied energy associated with such double
glazing.
Available to download only
http://www.historic-scotland.gov.uk/technicalpapers
Technical Paper 10
This paper presents the results of in-situ U-value measurements
FREE
of mostly walls, some roofs and one floor. The building
elements measured varied with regard to the building materials
and techniques used to construct them, finishes, insulation
retrofits etc. The measurement results were also compared to
the modelling results of software programs.
Available to download only
http://www.historic-scotland.gov.uk/technicalpapers
Historic Scotland 2011 | FOCUS
43

NEW PUBLICATIONS
Title Description Information
INFORM: Dry Stone Walls
This INFORM gives an introduction to the importance
and complexity of dry stone walling in Scotland and the
maintenance tasks that can prolong their life.
FREE
INFORM: Decorative Paint
Finishes: Graining and
Marbling
This INFORM gives guidance on identifying, protecting and
reinstating historic grained or marbled finishes.
FREE
INFORM: Stone Floors
This INFORM guide gives advice on the cleaning, maintenance,
reinstatement and repair of stone floors.
FREE
INFORM: Structural Joinery
This INFORM gives an introduction to the survey, inspection
and repair options and principles for structural joinery.
FREE
INFORM: Timber Window
Shutters
This INFORM gives an introduction to the construction,
repair and maintenance of timber shutters.
FREE
INFORM: Timber Staircases
This INFORM explains the construction of timber staircases
and the issues associated with their repair and maintenance,
including repairs to creaking stairs and replacing damaged
elements.
FREE
44 FOCUS | Historic Scotland 2011

INFORM GUIDES
To order copies of these publications contact us by email on hs.cgpublications@scotland.gsi.gov.uk or by phone on 0131 668 8638
Historic Scotland continues to develop a new range of technical publications aimed at providing an introduction
to various issues for homeowners, and those with responsibility for traditional buildings.
The aim of these INFORM leaflets is to provide concise and accessible information free from jargon, with useful contacts
for those seeking additional information.
Title Description Information
INFORM: Dry Stone Walls
NEW
This INFORM gives an introduction to the importance
and complexity of dry stone walling in Scotland and the
maintenance tasks that can prolong their life.
FREE
INFORM: Decorative Paint
Finishes: Graining and
Marbling
NEW
This INFORM gives guidance on identifying, protecting and
reinstating historic grained or marbled finishes.
FREE
INFORM: Stone Floors
NEW
This INFORM guide gives advice on the cleaning, maintenance,
reinstatement and repair of stone floors.
FREE
INFORM: Structural Joinery
NEW
This INFORM gives an introduction to the survey, inspection
and repair options and principles for structural joinery.
FREE
INFORM: Timber Window
Shutters
NEW
This INFORM gives an introduction to the construction,
repair and maintenance of timber shutters.
FREE
INFORM: Timber Staircases
NEW
This INFORM explains the construction of timber staircases
and the issues associated with their repair and maintenance,
including repairs to creaking stairs and replacing damaged
elements.
FREE
INFORM: Rot in Timber
INFORM: Bituminous Sheet
Flat Roofs: Their Repair and
Maintenance
This INFORM seeks to examine measures which can be taken
to minimize the threat birds pose to our built heritage and
the ways in which they can be controlled. Measures such as
netting, bird spikes and trapping are all considered alongside
a consideration of the problems such pests create.
This INFORM first gives a description of the structure of a flat
roof. The signs of common problems are then listed before
looking at ways to repair roofs and eradicate such problems.
FREE
FREE
Historic Scotland 2011 | FOCUS
45

INFORM GUIDES
To order copies of these publications contact us by email on hs.cgpublications@scotland.gsi.gov.uk or by phone on 0131 668 8638
Title Description Information
INFORM: Ventilation in
Traditional Houses
INFORM: Structural Cracks
INFORM: Foundations and
Wall Footings
This INFORM begins by providing information on the
importance of ventilation is a traditionally built structure.
Guidance is then provided on the various ways in which
ventilation is provided such as sub floor ventilation and
chimneys as well as looking at issues surrounding masonry
walls and plastered surfaces.
This INFORM gives an introduction on how to recognise and
diagnose various types of settlement cracks. Understanding
the variety of cracks which can appear can also help assist in
deter mining where there is either no need for concern, or
where a more serious problem is in the process of emerging.
This INFORM examines various factors which relate to or
can affect foundations and wall footings in a traditionally
constructed building including gardens, roads and
pavements, air drains and damp proofing.
FREE
FREE
FREE
INFORM: Energy Efficiency
in Traditional Homes
INFORM: Bird Control in
Historic Buildings
This INFORM begins with an examination of embodied
carbon and thermal performance in traditionally built homes.
The main body of the INFORM deals with what can be done
to improve energy efficiency in traditional buildings and
looks at areas such as floors, windows, walls, insulation and
also how this relates to building standards.
This INFORM examines measures which can be taken to
minimize the threat birds pose to our built heritage and
the ways in which they can be controlled.
FREE
FREE
INFORM: Care and
Maintenance of
Corrugated Iron
This INFORM provides some historical background to the use
of corrugated iron and outlines the various issues relating to
the conservation, repair and maintenance of the material.
FREE
INFORM: External
Timber Doors
This INFORM guide gives a brief history of Scottish doors
and their construction. Guidance is given on the
identification of faults and methods of repair and
maintenance.
FREE
INFORM: Indent Repairs to
Sandstone Ashlar Masonry
This INFORM guide provides an introduction to the
practice of replacing damaged stones in an ashlar built
sandstone wall.
FREE
INFORM: Maintaining
Traditional Plain Glass
and Glazing
This INFORM guide outlines the types of traditional plain
glass and glazing systems most commonly encountered by
building owners in Scotland and includes general guidance
on their maintenance and repair.
FREE
46 FOCUS | Historic Scotland 2011

INFORM GUIDES
To order copies of these publications contact us by email on hs.cgpublications@scotland.gsi.gov.uk or by phone on 0131 668 8638
Title Description Information
INFORM: Timber Floors
This INFORM covers basic aspects of the construction and
care of timber floors. Various elements of their repair and
maintenance are also included such as sanding, sealing
and fixing.
FREE
INFORM: Domestic
Boundary Walls
This INFORM gives guidance on identifying problems and
their causes, the steps which can be taken to lessen such
threats and correct repair techniques where problems
do occur.
FREE
INFORM: Domestic
Chimneys & Flues
This INFORM outlines the basic elements of a flue and
chimney system and identify common faults, their
diagnosis and the principles of how to deal with them.
FREE
INFORM: Finials and
Terminals
This INFORM outlines the main materials used for finials and
terminals such as stone and iron. Guidance is also given on
possible faults and their proper repair and maintenance.
FREE
INFORM: Fireplaces
INFORM: Roofing
Leadwork
INFORM: Repointing
Ashlar Masonry
This INFORM aims to show the value of a properly maintained
fireplace and its contribution to the historic fabric and
character of a building. It also provides a guide to the variety of
elements which combine to make up a fireplace and gives brief
notes on the proper care and maintenance of these elements.
This INFORM provides information on the characteristics of
lead, the different types of lead sheet used on Scottish roofs
and its various applications. Guidance is also given on various
defects which can emerge in leadwork and the proper repair
of such work.
This INFORM takes the reader through the various stages
of the proper re-pointing of ashlar masonry, from
understanding the nature of ashlar, through preparation
work to the actual techniques of re-pointing.
FREE
FREE
FREE
INFORM: Maintaining Sash
and Case Windows
INFORM: Damp - Causes
and Solutions
This INFORM provides a basic introduction to the maintenance
and repair of traditional sash and case windows. The guide
describes the evolution of these windows and how they
work, and also covers common problems and their
solutions such as broken sash cords and deterioration
of putty and mastic.
This INFORM helps the reader to recognise the causes and
early signs of damp as well as offering guidance on rectifying
damp problems.
FREE
FREE
Historic Scotland 2011 | FOCUS
47

INFORM GUIDES
To order copies of these publications contact us by email on hs.cgpublications@scotland.gsi.gov.uk or by phone on 0131 668 8638
Title Description Information
INFORM: Domestic
Decorative Glass
INFORM: The use of lime
& cement in traditional
buildings
This INFORM provides guidance on decorative glass in
a domestic context. The different kinds of glass are all
described as are the differing methods of construction
techniques associated with each type. Repair and
maintenance issues associated with these types of glass
are also considered.
This INFORM describes the differences between lime and
cement mortars and compares their effects on traditional
buildings, including issues such as breathability of buildings
to the physical appearance of different mortars.
FREE
FREE
INFORM: Repairing
Brickwork
INFORM: Ceramic Tiled
Flooring
INFORM: Pantiles
Maintaining a Pantiled
Roof
This INFORM describes the most common signs of
deterioration, such as efflorescence, spalling and cracks
and explains their causes. The guide also offers guidance
on repair and maintenance techniques including cleaning
brickwork, replacing bricks and repairing decayed pointing.
This INFORM provides guidance on ceramic floor tiles.
The various types and layouts of tiles are considered such as
geometric tiles, encaustic tiles and quarry tiles. The various
defects which can occur with tiles such as overlay and
cracked tiles are discussed as well as appropriate cleaning
and maintenance techniques.
This INFORM gives a brief description of pantiles in Scotland
and examines the construction of a pantile roof. Common
problems, repair and maintenance issues are also examined
including the replacement of tiles, insulation and tile fixings.
FREE
FREE
FREE
INFORM: Repairing
Scottish Slate Roofs
INFORM: Fire Safety
This INFORM provides an introduction to Scottish Slate Roofs
including the components which go into the construction
of the roofs and the unique features which they contain.
Information is given on the sorts of problems which can arise
with slate roofs as well as an introduction to appropriate
repair and maintenance techniques.
This INFORM provides an introduction to the factors which
can create a fire risk within a historic property. Different
techniques for preventing the start and spread of fire within
historic buildings are also considered.
FREE
FREE
INFORM: Bronze
This INFORM provides an introduction to the characteristics
of the material and gives guidance on identifying and
recording problems, understanding their causes and
planning appropriate maintenance and repair work.
FREE
INFORM: Boundary
Ironwork
Many building owners are choosing to re-instate boundary
ironwork which has fallen into disrepair or was perhaps
removed for the war effort. This INFORM provides advice for
re-instating architectural ironwork using traditional materials
and techniques
FREE
48 FOCUS | Historic Scotland 2011

INFORM GUIDES
To order copies of these publications contact us by email on hs.cgpublications@scotland.gsi.gov.uk or by phone on 0131 668 8638
Title Description Information
INFORM: Graffiti Removal
Graffiti removal from masonry is a complex issue.
This INFORM offers practical advice on the removal
of graffiti to owners of historic buildings and structures.
FREE
INFORM: Masonry Decay
An understanding of the processes of masonry decay are
a valuable tool in maintaining your property. This INFORM
offers an introduction to the principles involved in the decay
of masonry.
FREE
INFORM: Cleaning
Sandstone - Risks
and Consequences
INFORM: Gilding Techniques
Care and Maintenance
This INFORM examines the risks and consequences of
cleaning sandstone masonry. The benefits and risks attached
to the process are considered, as well as the consequences
of past cleaning. Testing and more technologies are also
discussed.
This INFORM gives guidance on identifying gilding and
describes the various materials and methods of application
used. The causes of common problems and repair and
maintenance techniques are also discussed.
FREE
FREE
INFORM: Interior Paint -
A Guide to Internal Paint
Finishes
This INFORM gives a background to traditional paint
finishes and offers guidance on the available options when
decorating a traditional home, considering old surfaces and
materials and the appropriate paints to use.
FREE
INFORM: The Maintenance
of Cast Iron Rainwater
Goods
This INFORM provides a brief history of the manufacture and
design of rainwater goods and gives guidance on common
problems, their causes and appropriate maintenance and
repair techniques.
FREE
INFORM: Repointing Rubble
Stonework
This INFORM guides building owners through the steps
required by contractors to carry out the work of re-pointing a
traditional rubble stone wall in an appropriate manner.
FREE
INFORM; Maintenance of
Iron Gates and Railings
This INFORM gives guidance to property owners and
occupiers on how best to maintain and repair existing
iron gates and railings.
FREE
Historic Scotland 2011 | FOCUS
49

TECHNICAL ADVICE NOTES (TANS)
To order copies of these publications contact us by email on hs.cgpublications@scotland.gsi.gov.uk or by phone on 0131 668 8638
Title Description Information
TAN 1 Preparation and
Use of Lime Mortars
(revised 2005)
A guide to the principles underlying the use of lime mortars
in re-pointing and masonry consolidation including advice
on materials, specification and site practice.
76pp, A4, 2003 (PB),
ISBN 1 903570 42 5
£6.00
TAN 2 Conservation of
Plasterwork (revised 2002)
An account of the types of plaster found in Scottish
traditional buildings with advice on conservation, repair
a restoration methods and specification.
44pp, A4, 2002 (PB),
ISBN 1 903570 41 7
£6.00
TAN 4 Thatch and
Thatching Techniques
An illustrated guide to Scottish thatching traditions,
demonstrating the diversity of materials used and offering
advice on conservation, maintenance and repair.
84pp, A4, 1996 (PB),
ISBN 0 9517989 7 9
£6.00
TAN 5 The Hebridean
Blackhouse
A case study of the blackhouse at 42 Arnol, Lewis, its
materials, construction and maintenance.
34pp, A4, 1996 (PB),
ISBN 1 900168 16 2
£6.00
TAN 6 Earth Structures and
Construction in Scotland
A guide to the recognition and conservation of earth
technology in Scottish buildings.
128pp, A4, 1996 (PB),
ISBN 1 900168 22 7
£6.00
TAN 7 Access to the Built
Heritage
Advice and information on improving access for visitors with
disabilities to historic buildings and monuments
open to the public.
51pp, A4, 1996 (PB),
ISBN 1 900168 23 5
£6.00
TAN 8 The Historic Scotland
Guide to International
Conservation Charters
Comprehensive analysis of over 70 international statements
of conservation principles.
OUT OF PRINT
PDF available on request
96pp, A4, 1997 (PB),
ISBN 1 900168 24 3
£6.00
TAN 9 Stonecleaning of
Granite Buildings
Advice on the soiling, decay and cleaning of granite buildings
and related testing, specification and execution of the work.
52pp, 1997 (PB),
ISBN 1 900168 39 1
£6.00
TAN 10 Biological Growths
on Sandstone Buildings:
Control and Treatment
Guidance on the effect of biological growths on sandstone
structures and the feasibility of their removal, with advice on
appropriate methods of control.
48pp, A4, 1998 (PB),
ISBN 1 900168 40 5
£6.00
50 FOCUS | Historic Scotland 2011

TECHNICAL ADVICE NOTES (TANS)
To order copies of these publications contact us by email on hs.cgpublications@scotland.gsi.gov.uk or by phone on 0131 668 8638
Title Description Information
TAN 12 Quarries of Scotland
An illustrated guide to Scottish geology and stone
working methods based on the British Geological Survey
Photographic Archive of selected building stone quarries.
84pp, A4, 1997 (PB),
ISBN 1 900168 47 2
£6.00
TAN 13 The Archaeology of
Scottish Thatch
A guide to applying archaeological recording and
analytical techniques to the study of thatch and thatching
in Scotland.
96pp, A4, 1998 (PB),
ISBN 1 900168 49 9
£6.00
TAN 15 External Lime
Coatings on Traditional
Buildings
A comprehensive account of the benefits of using lime
finishes on the exteriors of traditionally constructed
buildings.
92pp, A4, 2001 (PB),
ISBN 1 900168 60 X
£6.00
TAN 16 Burrowing Animals
and Archaeology
A description of preventive methods and control measures
appropriate for use around protected archaeological sites
and monuments.
14pp, A4, 1999 (PB),
ISBN 1 900168 60 X
£6.00
TAN 17 Bracken and
Archaeology
An important interim statement on understanding the plant,
its interaction with archaeological monuments
and sites, and the measures available for its control.
44pp, A4, 1999 (PB),
ISBN 1 900168 61 8
£6.00
TAN 18 The Treatment of
Graffiti on Historic Surfaces
Advice on graffiti removal procedures, anti-graffiti coatings
and alternative strategies.
58pp, A4, 1999 (PB),
ISBN 1 900168 81 2
£6.00
TAN 19 Scottish Aggregates
for Building Conservation
A guide to the availability and suitability of aggregates
for use in mortars to match those used in historic buildings
in Scotland.
60pp, A4, 1999 (PB),
ISBN 1 900168 69 3
£6.00
TAN 20 Corrosion in
Masonry Clad Early
Twentieth Century Steel
Framed Buildings
A guide drawing together existing information on current
methodologies of repair and presenting details of newer
technologies.
OUT OF PRINT
PDF available on request
84pp, A4, 2000 (PB),
ISBN 1 900168 52 9
£6.00
Historic Scotland 2011 | FOCUS
51

TECHNICAL ADVICE NOTES (TANS)
To order copies of these publications contact us by email on hs.cgpublications@scotland.gsi.gov.uk or by phone on 0131 668 8638
Title Description Information
TAN 21 Scottish Slate
Quarries
Outlines qualities of various Scottish slates and identifies
Scottish quarries appropriate for further investigation
with a view to reopening.
OUT OF PRINT
112pp, A4, 2000 (PB),
ISBN 1 9035 70 04 2
£6.00
TAN 23 Non-destructive
Investigation of Standing
Structures
Advice and information on the range of non-destructive
investigative and recording techniques available for
examining historic fabric.
72pp, A4, 2001, (PB),
ISBN 1 900168 987
£6.00
TAN 24
The Environmental Control
of Dry Rot
A study of environment friendly methods for treatment
of dry rot.
76pp, A4, 2002 (PB),
ISBN 1 903570 6 11
£6.00
TAN 25 Maintenance and
Repair of Cleaned Stone
Buildings
A review of soiling and decay mechanisms that can result
from previous stonecleaning and the suitability of a range of
repair methods.
96pp, A4, 2003 (PB),
ISBN 1 903570 80 8
£6.00
TAN 26 Care and
Conservation of 17th
Century Plasterwork
in Scotland
TAN 27 Development and
Archaeology in Historic
Towns and Cities
Deals with a wide range of techniques and considerations
for the care and repair of plasterwork from the first threequarters
of the 17th Century. Advice is offered on materials
and construction details, the taking of “squeezes” and the
running of cornices.
This guide provides clear and practical advice to prospective
developers on how to manage the archaeological issues
arising from developing a site in one of Scotland’s many
historic towns or cities.
68pp, A4 2004 (PB),
ISBN 1 904966 01 2
£6.00
68pp, A4 2004 (PB),
ISBN 1 904966 02 0
£6.00
TAN 29 Corrugated Iron
and Other Ferrous Metal
Cladding
An outline of the history of ferrous metal cladding in
Scotland. The Note seeks to reinstate the material’s
reputation as a significant vernacular building component.
Technical guidance, documentation and conservation
techniques are discussed.
54pp, A4, 2004 (PB),
ISBN 1 900 168 83 9
£6.00
52 FOCUS | Historic Scotland 2011

TECHNICAL ADVICE NOTES (TANS)
To order copies of these publications contact us by email on hs.cgpublications@scotland.gsi.gov.uk or by phone on 0131 668 8638
Title Description Information
TAN 30 Scottish Turf
Construction
This gives details of all aspects of turf construction in
Scotland from the material itself, methods of building and
tools used as well as a number of case studies. Maintenance
and conservation of such buildings are also considered.
92pp, A4, 2006 (PB),
ISBN 1 900 168 85 5
£6.00
Tan 31 Stone Masonry
Material and Skills
This Technical Advice Note describes the methodology used
during the Glasgow project undertaken by the Scottish Stone
Liaison Group. This project aimed to determine the repair
needs of the stonework in Glasgow, the quantity and the
type of stone required and the skills that will be necessary to
carry out the repairs. The TAN is split into 2 main parts, the
first giving guidance on mechanisms and types of decay and
the second gives a detailed description of the approaches
and methods adopted when carrying out the survey and
recording the results.
28pp, A4, 2007 (PB),
ISBN 978 1 904 966 58 6
£6.00
Historic Scotland 2011 | FOCUS
53

RESEARCH/STUDY REPORTS
To order copies of these publications contact us by email on hs.cgpublications@scotland.gsi.gov.uk or by phone on 0131 668 8638
Title Description Information
Research Report: Macduff
Slate - Extraction and
testing of Slate from Hill of
Foudland, Aberdeenshire
Research Report:
Ballachulish Slate -
Extraction and testing
of Slate from Khartoum
Quarry, Argyll
NHTG Traditional Building
Craft Skills (National
Heritage Training Group)
These two volumes have been published following research
work by the Scottish Stone Liaison Group in considering
the viability of re-instating a supply of indigenous Scottish
slate. Two sites were selected for investigation work and
these reports record the work undertaken and the resulting
outcomes of the research. (Research Report - Ballachulish
Slate also available)
These two volumes have been published following research
work by the Scottish Stone Liaison Group in considering the
viability of re-instating a supply of indigenous Scottish slate.
Two sites were selected for investigation work and these reports
record the work undertaken and the resulting outcomes of
the research. (Research Report – Macduff Slate also available)
This report, produced by the National Heritage Training Group
(NHTG), provides a detailed labour and skills needs analysis
of the heritage sector within the construction industry in
Scotland.
70pp, A4, 2008 (PB)
ISBN 978 1 904 966 64 7
£6.00
66pp, A4, 2008 (PB)
ISBN 978 1 904 966 63 0
£6.00
125pp, A4
FREE
The Consequences of Past
Stonecleaning Intervention
on Future Policy and
Resources
This research report assesses the effects different cleaning
regimes have had on natural stone.
240pp, A4 2003 (PB),
ISBN 1 903570 89 1
£6.00
Scottish Roofing Slate:
characteristics and tests
This research report ties the geological properties of slate to
its usability as a roofing material.
218pp, A4 2002 (PB),
ISBN 1 903570 60 3
£6.00
Chemical Consolidants
and Water Repellents for
Sandstones in Scotland
This report presents the findings of a 2 year project
researching the use and effectiveness of consolidants
and water repellents on Scottish sandstones including
comprehensive conclusions.
276pp, A4, 2003 (PB),
ISBN 1 903570 20 4
£6.00
The Management of
Cropmark Archaeology
in Lowland Scotland
Evaluation of Limestone
and Building Limes in
Scotland
This research report focuses on the processes of destruction
which can affect ancient sites in a modern agricultural
landscape and the ways in which these can be managed.
It is hoped this report will help to find generally acceptable
methods for assessing the severity and urgency of threats
based on information available without costly excavation.
This report evaluated the qualities and performance of lime
mortars from selected limestone quarries.
87pp, A4, (PB),
ISBN 978 904 966 6 54
£6.00
152pp, A4, 2003 (PB),
ISBN 1 903570 81 6
£6.00
54 FOCUS | Historic Scotland 2011

RESEARCH/STUDY REPORTS
To order copies of these publications contact us by email on hs.cgpublications@scotland.gsi.gov.uk or by phone on 0131 668 8638
Title Description Information
A Future for Stone in
Scotland
This study makes positive recommendations for the future of
Scottish building stone.
144pp, A4, 1997 (PB),
ISBN 1 900 168 46 4
£6.00
Historic Landuse
Assessment: Development
and Potential of a Technique
for Assessing Landuse
Patterns
Joint publication by Ancient
Monuments Division and RCAHMS
This report provides the results of a two-year pilot project
involving the development of GIS-based Historic Landuse
Assement for a number of areas in Scotland.
OUT OF PRINT
PDF available on request
32pp, A4, 1999 (PB),
ISBN 1 900 168 62 6
£6.00
Impact of the Braer Oil
Spill on Historic Scotland
Monuments in Shetland
A case study of the effects of the Braer Oil spill on stone
structures in Shetland, to determine the overall impact of
oil on building stone.
64pp, A4, 2001 (PB),
ISBN 1 903 570 10 7
£6.00
The Historical and Technical
Development of Sash and
Case Windows in Scotland
An account of the historical evolution of the sash and
case window, detailing gradual technical and aesthetic
refinements.
160pp, A4, 2001 (PB)
ISBN 1 900 168 86 3
£6.00
The Pattern of Scottish
Roofing
A detailed visual overview of the range of roofing materials
and techniques that are to be found in Scotland.
184pp, A4, 2000 (PB),
ISBN 1 903 570 09 3
£6.00
Studies of the Domestic
Dry Rot Fungus Serpula
Lacrymans with Relevance
to the Management of
Decay in Buildings
Scientific research underpinning TAN 24 studying how
changes in conditions can prevent further fungal growth.
OUT OF PRINT
PDF available on request
220pp, A4, 2002 (PB),
ISBN 1 903 570 83 2
£6.00
The Performance of
Replacement Sandstone in
the New Town of Edinburgh
This research report is based on an analysis of the records
of the grant-aided restoration schemes supported by the
former Edinburgh New Town Conservation Committee.
120pp, A4, 2004(PB),
ISBN 1 903 570 98 0
£6.00
Laser Stonecleaning
in Scotland – Research
Report
This report results from work carried out by Robert Gordon
University and the Building Research Establishment
to investigate the response of sandstones and granites
to laser exposure.
144pp, A4, 2005 (PB),
ISBN 1 903 570 79 4
£6.00
Historic Scotland 2011 | FOCUS
55

RESEARCH/STUDY REPORTS
To order copies of these publications contact us by email on hs.cgpublications@scotland.gsi.gov.uk or by phone on 0131 668 8638
Title Description Information
Charlestown Limeworks,
Research and Conservation
This research constitutes the findings of extensive archival
research and offers an introduction to the development of
lime production at Charlestown as well as the efforts made
to conserve part of the Limeworks complex.
64pp, A4, 2006 (PB),
ISBN 1 904 966 21 7
£6.00
Investigations into the
control of biofilm damage
with relevance to built
heritage (BIODAM)
OUT OF PRINT
PDF available on request
This publication describes the results of a 3 year EC-funded
R&D project (BIODAM) which investigated the effects of
biological colonisation on heritage surfaces. It evaluated
novel, low toxicity treatments and their ability to control
the development of biofilms.
104pp, A4, 2006 (PB),
ISBN 1 904 966 20 9
£6.00
NEW IMAGE
(replace existing wth
this one)
Research Report: Cost
Action C17: Built Heritage
Fire Loss to Historic
Buildings – Final Report
Research Report: Cost Action C17:
Built Heritage
Fire Loss to Historic Buildings – Final
Report
Consisting of 3 ISBN parts, 978 1 904 the 966 5 Final 31 Report of the recently
£6.00
completed European Science Foundation Research Project
COST Action C17 “Fire Loss to Historic Buildings” has just
|been published. Presented as 2 volumes, with a shorter
Executive Summary of the Actions findings and
recommendations, all are combined and contained
Consisting of 3 parts, the Final Report of the
recently completed European Science Foundation
Research Project COST Action C17 “Fire Loss to
Historic Buildings” has just been published.
Presented as 2 volumes, with a shorter Executive
Summary of the Actions findings and
recommendations, all are combined and contained in
a slip case.
Executive Summary of
recommendations A4, 32 pages A4, 32 pages
Research Report: Part 1 A4,300 pages
Research Report: Part 2 A4, 164 pages
in a slip case.
ISBN 978 1 904 966 5 31
£6.00
Executive Summary
of recommendations
Research Report: Part 1
Research Report: Part 2
A4, 32 pages
A4, 300 pages
A4, 164 pages
Minimum Invasive Fire
Detection for Protection of
Heritage – Research Report
Manual Fire Extinguishing
Equipment for Protection of
Heritage – Research Report
Produced for Riksantikvaren (The Norwegian Directorate for
Cultural Heritage) with Historic Scotland’s sponsorship.
Volume 1 reviews the available range of fire detection
equipment for historic buildings application, including line
heat detection and area fire detection for wider townscape
protection.
Volume 2 evaluates manual fire fighting techniques,
equipment and extinguishing media, taking particular
account of impact on historic contents and building fabric.
40pp, A4, 2006 (PB),
ISBN 82-7574-040-1
62pp, A4, 2006 (PB),
ISBN 82-7574-039-8
Hypoxic Air Venting for
Protection of Heritage –
Research Report
Volume 3 examines innovative systems for modifying air
oxygen concentration in enclosed spaces, setting out the
scientific background and considering heritage building fire
protection application potential.
80pp, A4, 2006 (PB),
ISBN 82-7574-037-1
£6.00 per set
Scotland’s Shops
This publication explains the chronological history of the
design of shops in Scotland, gives a technical background to
the elements and materials used in their construction
as well as advice on their conservation, and also includes
a gazetteer of retail buildings around Scotland.
200pp, A4, 2011 (PB),
ISBN 978 1 84917 037 6
£15.00
56 FOCUS | Historic Scotland 2011

TECHNICAL PAPERS
To order copies of these publications contact us by email on hs.cgpublications@scotland.gsi.gov.uk or by phone on 0131 668 8638
These Technical Papers present recent results of academic research in which Historic Scotland has been involved, either as
a research partner or as a commissioning body.
The papers not only focus on issues of building conservation but are also concerned with broader issues, such as
sustainability or indoor air climate, and the impact of such topics on the historic environment.
Title Description Information
Technical Paper 1
Thermal performance of
traditional windows
Glasgow Caledonian
University (2008)
Technical Paper 2
In situ U-value
measurements in traditional
buildings – Preliminary
results
Glasgow Caledonian
University (2008)
Technical Paper 3
Energy modelling analysis
of a traditionally built
Scottish tenement flat
Changeworks (2008)
This paper presents research results from testing the thermal performance
of traditional timber sash and case windows, comparing the original single
glazed windows against various upgrading options such as blinds, curtains,
shutters, secondary glazing and double glazing.
Available to download only
http://www.historic-scotland.gov.uk/technicalpapers
This report summarises results of in situ U-value measurements of various
solid stonewalls in five traditional Scottish buildings. It assesses the actual
thermal performance of the traditional building envelope in order to
provide guidance for energy performance assessment. The report also
includes results from the testing of a solid ground floor concrete slab with
and without retrofitted insulation.
Available to download only
http://www.historic-scotland.gov.uk/technicalpapers
Four different energy modelling methodologies were tested in relation to
a traditionally built tenement flat.
Available to download only
http://www.historic-scotland.gov.uk/technicalpapers
FREE
FREE
FREE
Technical Paper 4
Energy modelling in
traditional Scottish houses
(EMTISH)
Heriot-Watt University
(2008)
Technical Paper 5
Energy modelling of a
mid 19th century villa –
Baseline performance and
improvement options
Integrated Environmental
Solutions Ltd (2009)
Technical Paper 6
Indoor air quality and
energy efficiency in
traditional buildings
Gaia Research (2009)
This paper presents the results of the energy modelling of three houses
which were considered typical for the traditionally built housing stock
in Scotland. The report lists and prioritises some of the improvement
measures available to achieve energy and carbon savings in such buildings.
Available to download only
http://www.historic-scotland.gov.uk/technicalpapers
This paper summarises the assessment of a traditional, two-storey
sandstone villa in rural Scotland in terms of its energy performance and
internal comfort conditions. Dynamic thermal modelling was used rather
than steady state calculation methods in an attempt to record results
from an alternative software testing technique. The dynamic thermal
modelling enables factors such as thermal mass and retrofitted draught
proofing to be taken into account which are generally neglected in steady
state simulations.
Available to download only
http://www.historic-scotland.gov.uk/technicalpapers
This paper is a scoping study comprising a brief overview of indoor
air quality and energy efficiency issues in traditional buildings. It has
involved a desk study of existing publications, web based information
and ongoing research. This paper also presents case study examples of
buildings – traditional and new build - demonstrating some of the issues
discussed in this study.
Available to download only
http://www.historic-scotland.gov.uk/technicalpapers
FREE
FREE
FREE
Historic Scotland 2011 | FOCUS
57

TECHNICAL PAPERS
To order copies of these publications contact us by email on hs.cgpublications@scotland.gsi.gov.uk or by phone on 0131 668 8638
Title Description Information
Technical Paper 7
NEW
Technical Paper 8
NEW
Technical Paper 9
NEW
Technical Paper 10
NEW
This paper looks at the embodied energy aspects associated with the
procurement of building stone – how much carbon is used in extracting,
processing and delivering stone from various sources. The benefits of a local
sourcing of stone are discussed and options for further study.
Available to download only
http://www.historic-scotland.gov.uk/technicalpapers
This paper models the thermal upgrades at one of Conservation Groups
pilot sites – looking at present modelled energy performance against
post intervention performance. It considers the differences between
the various evaluations systems and why these might occur as well as
comment on the suitability of the Energy Performance Certificate when
used in traditionally constructed buildings.
Available to download only
http://www.historic-scotland.gov.uk/technicalpapers
Ten slim-profile double glazing systems were measured on-site, and the
results compared with secondary glazing fitted to single glazed windows.
The paper also presents findings on the embodied energy associated with
such double glazing.
Available to download only
http://www.historic-scotland.gov.uk/technicalpapers
This paper presents the results of in-situ U-value measurements of mostly
walls, some roofs and one floor. The building elements measured varied
with regard to the building materials and techniques used to construct
them, finishes, insulation retrofits etc. The measurement results were also
compared to the modelling results of software programs.
Available to download only
http://www.historic-scotland.gov.uk/technicalpapers
FREE
FREE
FREE
FREE
58 FOCUS | Historic Scotland 2011

GUIDE FOR PRACTITIONERS
To order copies of these publications contact us by email on hs.cgpublications@scotland.gsi.gov.uk or by phone on 0131 668 8638
Title Description Information
Stonecleaning - A Guide for
Practitioners
The original practitioners guide based on stonecleaning
research, includes background on sandstone characteristics,
the effects of soiling agents and a comparison of the various
physical and chemical cleaning methods available.
122pp, A4, 1994 (PB),
ISBN 0 7480 087 4 8
£6.00
Rural Buildings of the
Lothians – Conservation
and Conversion
Practitioners Guide 1
Illustrated guide providing relevant information on the
design, construction and repair of traditional rural buildings.
256pp, A4, 1999 (PB),
ISBN 1 900 168 89 8
£6.00
Conservation of Historic
Graveyards Practitioners
Guide 2
Covers technical conservation issues relating to various
elements of the graveyard with advice on specialised
repair and conservation techniques and an inventory
of Scottish sites.
204pp, 2001, (PB),
ISBN 1 900 168 74 X
£6.00
The Conservation of Timber
Sash and Case Windows –
Practitioners Guide 3
Provides advice on inspecting windows to assess repair
requirements accurately and describes appropriate repair
techniques.
88pp, A4, 2002 (PB),
ISBN 1 900 168 87 1
£6.00
Measured Survey and
Building Recording for
Historic Buildings and
Structure - Practitioners
Guide 4
This Guide for Practitioners outlines the principles and
practice of building recording, to inform all those
commissioning or undertaking work on traditional
or historic buildings.
196pp, A4, 2004 (PB),
ISBN 1 903 570 92 1
£6.00
Scottish Iron Structures -
Practitioners Guide 5
This publication provides an historical overview of the
production and use of wrought and cast iron in Scotland as
well as guidance on structural appraisal, and appropriate
conservation techniques.
220pp. A4, 2006, (PB),
ISBN 1 904 966 12 8
£6.00
Guide for Practitioners 6:
Conversion of Traditional
Buildings Parts 1 & 2 – also
available in DVD format
Guide for Practitioners 7:
Fire Safety Management in
Traditional Buildings Parts
1 & 2
This Guide aims to provide advice to practitioners,
developers, building owners and local authorities regarding
the application of the Building (Scotland) Regulations 2004
to the conversion of traditional buildings. Its function is to
support existing technical handbooks by identifying and
resolving typical areas of difficulty that may be encountered
during the conversion of such buildings.
PUBLICATION OUT OF PRINT BUT STILL AVAILABLE IN DVD FORMAT
The identification and assessment of fire risk with advice on
its management and appropriate technolocy consistent with
accepted conservation principles, as well as an overview of
legislation.
68pp, ISBN 1 904 966 46 3
160PP, ISBN 1 904 966 47 0
£6.00
Part 1, 79pp, A4, 2011 (PB)
Part 2, 211pp, A4, 2011 (PB)
ISBN 978 1 84917 035 2
£6.00
This publication replaces TANs 11, 14, 22 and 28.
Historic Scotland 2011 | FOCUS
59

GUIDE FOR PRACTITIONERS
To order copies of these publications contact us by email on hs.cgpublications@scotland.gsi.gov.uk or by phone on 0131 668 8638
Title Description Information
Timber Decay in Buildings –
The Conservation Approach
to Treatment
Tackling the issues relating to timber decay, this joint
publication from Historic Scotland and English Heritage
forms the basis of conservation methods advocated by both
organisations.
252pp+8pp colour plate
section, 1999, (PB),
ISBN 0 419 188 20 7
£37.00 (£34.00+£3.00 P&P)
Stone in Scotland
LITERATURE REVIEW
Mortars in Historic
Buildings
OUT OF PRINT
Stone in Scotland is the latest in an international series of
publications by UNESCO/IAEG describing stone resources
in different parts of the world. This volume catalogues the
Scottish stone resources and has been written by staff in the
British Geological Survey and Historic Scotland. Scotland is
often referred to as a nation of stone and was once a major
producer and exporter sending granite, sandstone and
flagstone around the world.
A review of the conservation, technical and scientific
literature relating to mortar in historic buildings. The
publication considers compatibility and analysis of
historic mortars along with the design and development
of new mortars.
72pp, A4, 2006 (PB ),
ISBN 1 92 104 031 6
£14.00* (£11.00+£3.00 P&P)
*Please note: no discounts
can be offered with this
publication.
84pp, A4, 2003 (PB),
ISBN 1 903570 82 4
£6.00
OUT OF PRINT
PDF available on request
60 FOCUS | Historic Scotland 2011

CASE STUDIES
To order copies of these publications contact us by email on hs.cgpublications@scotland.gsi.gov.uk or by phone on 0131 668 8638
Title Description Information
Architectural Ironwork
in Stornoway – (available in
English and Gaelic)
Case Study 1: Conservation
of Phoebe Anna Traquair
Murals at Mansfield Traquair
Centre Edinburgh
The stunning cast ironwork in Stornoway is one of the largest
and best maintained examples of Victorian and Edwardian
architectural ironwork in the country. It is the focus of this
new publication which tells the story of the ironwork, its
enormous popularity in the 19th century, and how it survived
in Stornoway despite vanishing from much of Britain during
World War II, when large amounts were removed for the
war effort. The book has been produced in both English
and Gaelic and has been put together following the work
of Ali Davey, an Historic Scotland Research Fellow, who
photographed and recorded much
of Stornoway’s ironwork in 2006.
This Case Study gives an account of the conservation of
the mural paintings by Phoebe Anna Traquair in the former
Catholic Apostolic Church in Mansfield Place, Edinburgh.
It examines the history of the church and the murals.
142pp, A4, 2008 (PB),
ISBN 978 1904 966 31 9
ISBN 978 1 904 966 9 44
£6.00
Book 1 ENGLISH
Book 2 GAELIC
164pp, A4, 2007, (PB)
ISBN 1 904 966 50 0
£6.00
Conservation of Phoebe
Anna Traquair Murals – DVD
This DVD shows the techniques of conservation used for the
restoration of the mural paintings by Phoebe Anna Traquair
in the Former Catholic Apostolic Church in Mansfield Place,
Edinburgh.
£6.00
Story of Phoebe Anna
Traquair Murals – DVD
This Case Study gives an account of the conservation of the
mural paintings by Phoebe Anna Traquair in the Former
Catholic Apostolic Church in Mansfield Place, Edinburgh.
£6.00
Case Study 2: The
Investigation, Repair and
Conservation of the Doulton
Fountain, Glasgow Green
Case Study 3: Cottier’s in
Context - Daniel Cottier,
William Leiper and
Dowanhill Church, Glasgow
This Case Study follows the processes involved in the repair
and conservation of the Doulton Fountain, commissioned
for the Glasgow Exhibition of 1888, which stands on Glasgow
Green. The structure of this imposing terracotta fountain
had suffered badly from decay and vandilism and a major
conservation project was taken to repair this damage
culminating in the fountain being switched back on in 2005.
This report details all stages of this process from the initial
detailed research, planning the project, taking the fountain
down, manufacturing replacement elements and the final
re-erection of the structure.
This publication is the first of two volumes exploring the
life, work and influence of the Scottish-born designer Daniel
Cottier, his contemporary William Leiper, and the only church
decorated by Cottier to survive from this period at Dowanhill in
Glasgow. Available from March 2011
100pp, A4, 2009 (PB)
ISBN 978 1 904 966 62 3
£6.00
179pp, A4, 2011 (PB)
ISBN 978-1-84917-0529
£6.00
Historic Scotland 2011 | FOCUS
61

TECHNICAL REFERENCE & GUIDANCE MANUALS
To order copies of these publications contact us by email on hs.cgpublications@scotland.gsi.gov.uk or by phone on 0131 668 8638
Title Description Information
Technical Reference Series:
Saracen Foundry Vol. 1 &
Vol. 2 (04/09)
This volume is the first of a number of Technical Reference
books to be produced by the Technical Conservation
Group and celebrates the legacy of one of Scotland’s most
successful and internationally renowned 19th Century
industrial firms, Walter MacFarlane & Co’s Saracen Foundry.
There are very few original catalogues of Walter MacFarlane
and Co left in general circulation, yet their ironwork is
common. This publication is intended to act as a technical
reference for those involved in the conservation of existing
ironwork, or assisting in the design of replacement items.
Vol 1, 396pp, A4, 2009 (PB),
Vol 2, 697pp A4, 2009 (PB),
978 1 849 17 006 2
£6.00
62 FOCUS | Historic Scotland 2011

CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS/ABSTRACTS
To order copies of these publications contact us by email on hs.cgpublications@scotland.gsi.gov.uk or by phone on 0131 668 8638
Title Description Information
Stone in Context
Conference Proceedings
COST Action C17
Conference Proceedings:
Built Heritage Fire Loss to
Historic Buildings
Cost Action C17,
Associated Publications
CD
Conservation of Historic
Graveyards Conference
2001
This comprises the proceedings from the conference Stone
in Context Conference held in November 2007. Papers are
included in the volume on a wide range of subjects relating
to building stone in Scotland covering subjects such as
masonry training, stone matching, sourcing local stone
and operating a building stone quarry in Scotland.
Consisting of 4 volumes these conference proceedings
are the final output of the European Science Foundation
Research Project COST Action C17 “Fire Loss to Historic
Buildings”. The action involved participants from over 20
countries with the objective of quantifying the scale of
fire loss in historic buildings throughout Europe and the
exploration and promotion of methods of fire prevention.
During the course of this action a number of conferences
were held throughout Europe where fire loss and fire
prevention methodologies both in terms of management
strategies and new technology were discussed. These 4
volumes comprise the proceedings from those conferences
with and contain a great deal of information vital to anyone
with an interest in or responsibility for fire protection in
the historic environment.
This is a CD which has PDF’s of all the 17 volumes of
publications that were produced as a result of COST
Action C-17. These include the final report and conference
proceedings published by Historic Scotland in the last year
as well as various other conference proceedings, 3 volumes
of Norwegian research and the findings of an international
research project comparing British and Swedish methods of
fire protection.
Proceedings taken from the seminar in November 2001 run
jointly with Historic Scotland and the Society of Antiquaries
of Scotland.
160pp A4, 2008 (PB)
ISBN 1 904 966 84 5
£6.00
ISBN 1 904 966 61 6
Conference Proceedings Part 1
A4 240 pages
Conference Proceedings Part 2
A4 250 pages
Conference Proceedings Part 3
A4 292 pages
Conference Proceedings Part 4
A4 280 pages
£6.00
£6.00
78pp, A4, 2002 (PB)
ISBN 1 903 570 75 1
£6.00
Cost Action C5 – Lime
Technology Workshop
Proceedings taken from the official titled ‘Workshop
on Lime Rendered Facades’ and presented as part of
a pan-European meeting held in Sweden in 1998.
44pp, A4, 2000 (PB),
ISBN 1 903 570 02 6
£6.00
Historic Scotland Traditional
Building Materials
Conference 1997
Papers raising awareness of the value of traditional
building materials and techniques and promoting the
use of Scottish resources including earth, clay, brick,
slate and stone.
136pp, A4, 1997 (PB),
ISBN 1 900 168 48 0
£6.00
Historic Scotland 2011 | FOCUS
63

CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS/ABSTRACTS
To order copies of these publications contact us by email on hs.cgpublications@scotland.gsi.gov.uk or by phone on 0131 668 8638
Title Description Information
Timber and the Built
Environment Conference
2002
Coastal Archaeology and
Erosion in Scotland –
Conference Proceedings
The aim of this Conference was to broaden the
understanding of timber as a building material and
to offer inspiration and awareness to designers and those
in a position to stimulate future demand for this material
in Scotland.
Results of a conference held to address the effects of coastal
erosion on sites and monuments in Scotland and the best
ways of mitigating this recently recognised threat.
112pp, A4 2004 (PB),
ISBN 1 904 966 00 4
£6.00
210pp, A4 2005 (PB),
ISBN 1 903 570 62 X
£6.00
Fire Protection and the Built
Heritage Conference 1998
Proceedings covering fire legislation, insurance, salvage, risk
assessment, implementation of fire protection measures,
sprinkler installation and fire management
sin historic buildings in the UK and Europe.
210pp, A4 2005 (PB),
ISBN 1 903 570 62 X
£6.00
The Historic Scotland
International Lime
Conference 1995
OUT OF PRINT
PDF available on request
Conference proceedings drawing together papers from those
involved in the field on the theoretical, technical
and practical issues in the understanding of lime.
89pp, A4, 1996 (PB),
ISBN 0 969 92 01
£6.00
64 FOCUS | Historic Scotland 2011

REFERENCE REPORTS
To order copies of these publications contact us by email on hs.cgpublications@scotland.gsi.gov.uk or by phone on 0131 668 8638
Title Description Information
Easel Painting Conservation
– Technical Conservation
Group
This booklet is an introduction in words and pictures, to the
technology of the conservation of easel paintings.
32pp, A4, 2003 (PB),
ISBN 0 903 570 88 3
FREE
Parchment/Vellum
Conservation Survey
& Bibliography
Unique reference resource for paper and parchment
conservators including detailed bibliography of related
publications.
48pp, A4, 2000 (PB),
ISBN 1 900 168 90 1
£6.00
Sources of Financial
Assistance for the
Conservation of Scotland’s
Historic Graveyards
Reference Report
This Reference Report provides information about
the sources of funding for projects seeking to conserve
the fabric or natural environment of historic graveyards
in Scotland.
28pp, A4, 2004 (PB)
ISBN 1 903 570 07 7
FREE
A Pilot Study into the
Potential for a Building
Stones of Scotland
publication
This reference report explores the existing records and
references for Scottish stone from national collections held in
museums, private collections, geology societies and heritage
trusts.
36pp, A4, 2003 (PB),
ISBN 1 903 570 87 5
£6.00
Researching your Graveyard
– Reference Report
A guide to the major sources of information for those
researching the history of an individual burial ground.
OUT OF PRINT
PDF available on request
32pp, A4, 2005 (PB),
ISBN 1 904 966 07 1
FREE
Historic Scotland 2011 | FOCUS
65

OTHER PUBLICATIONS
To order copies of these publications contact us by email on hs.cgpublications@scotland.gsi.gov.uk or by phone on 0131 668 8638
Title Description Information
Building Scotland –
Celebrating Scotland’s
Traditional Building
Materials
Building Stone Resources of
the United Kingdom Map
Building Scotland examines 14 traditional building materials in
total, including stone, timber, iron, clay and slate. Each chapter
covers aspects of the material such as how it has been utilised
over time, geographical variations throughout the country, the
properties of the material and examples of its use.
This map is published by the British Geological Survey, and
is a joint venture with Historic Scotland, and other principal
heritage and industry bodies.
196pp, A4, 2011 (PB)
ISBN 9 780859 767101
£25.00
32pp, A4, 2003 (PB),
ISBN 0 903 570 88 3
£8.00* (£6.25+£1.75 P&P)
Dictionary of Scottish
Building
*Please note: no discounts can be offered with this publication.
A handy record of the vocabulary of Scottish building terms
both in and out of use.
OUT OF PRINT
PDF available on request
108pp, 1996 (PB),
ISBN 1 873 190 45 X
£6.00
The Repair of Historic
Buildings in Scotland
Advice on the principles and methods of repair for those
concerned with the authentic repair of historic buildings
in Scotland.
84pp, A4, 1995 (PB),
ISBN 0 951 7989 2 8
£6.00
Sash And Case Windows
A Short Guide for
Homeowners
(revised 2009)
Booklet describing the common maintenance and repair
tasks.
12pp, A4, 2009 (PB),
ISBN 978 1 904 966 57 9
FREE
Maintaining Your Home:
OTHER PUBLICATIONS A Short Guide for
Homeowners
www.historic-scotland.gov.uk/conservation
(Revised 2007)
(from Summer 2011)
Booklet describing maintenance required to avoid costly
repairs to a home.
To order copies of these publications contact us by email on hs.cgpublications@scotland.gsi.gov.uk, by phone on 0131 668 8638 or buy online at
12pp, A4, 2007 (PB),
ISBN 978 1 904 966 57 9
FREE
Title Description Information
Traditional Shopfronts: A Short Guide for This Shop guide Owners gives advice on the conservation and
This A Short guide gives Guide advice for on Shop the conservation and enhancement of traditional shopfronts and includes a brief
enhancement of traditional shopfronts and includes a brief
architectural history of shopfront design.
16pp, Owners A4, 2010 (PB), ISBN 978 1 84917 032 architectural 1
history of shopfront design.
NEW
FREE
NEW
16pp, A4, 2010 (PB),
ISBN 978 1 84917 032 1
FREE
Conservation Case Study –
Hanoverian Coat of Arms
Building Scotland – Celebrating
Scotland’s Traditional Building
Materials
NEW
CD–Rom INFORM House
Building Stone Resources of the
Revised 2011
United Kingdom Map
This booklet describes in colour photographs the
conservation and restoration treatment of the Hanoverian
Coat of Arms above the Ravelin Gate at Fort George,
Building Scotland examines 14 traditional 196pp, A4, 2010 (PB),
building materials in total, including stone, ISBN 9 780859 767101
timber, iron, clay and slate. Each chapter £25.00
covers aspects of the material such as how it
has been
Invernesshire.
utilised over time, geographical
variations throughout the country, the
properties of the material and examples of its
use.
The INFORM House CD-Rom contains concise information on
the care and maintenance of a broad variety of materials and
building features, ranging from roofs, windows and doors to
ceramic tiles, interior paints and timber floors.
This map is published by the British Geological
Survey, and is a joint venture with Historic
Scotland, and other principal heritage and industry
bodies.
32pp, A4, 2003 (PB),
ISBN 0 903 570 88 3
£8.00 (£6.25=£1.75 P&P
*Please note: no discounts can
be offered with this publication
48pp, A4, 2003 (PB),
FREE
FREE
66 FOCUS | Historic Scotland 2011
Dictionary of Scottish Building
A handy record of the vocabulary of Scottish
building terms both in and out of use.
108pp, 1996 (PB),
ISBN 1 873 190 45 X
£6.00
OUT OF PRINT
Available to download FREE
from www.tcg.gov.uk from
Spring 2010

Historic Scotland
Longmore House, Salisbury Place, Edinburgh EH9 1SH
T: +44 (0)131 668 8638 F: +44 (0)131 668 8620
www.historic-scotland.gov.uk