HP Bitumen Handbook - Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Limited

Appendix-I : road metals and
materials
FAT - Containing an excess of bituminous material. A fat asphalt mixture is one
in which the asphalt cement is in excess and the excess is clearly apparent.
FLASH POINT: Flash point is the minimum temperature at which bitumen gives
an instantaneous flash in the presence of an external open flame.
FOAM - The condition of hot asphalt cement caused by rain or water getting into
the hot bitumen and causing excessive building up of small steam bubbles.
FORMATION LEVEL - The surface of the excavated or made up ground on
which a road is constructed.
FOUNDATION - Denotes that portion of a road structure lying on the formation
level.
FRIABLE - Easily broken up.
GRADED STONE OR METAL - It is a stone metal that has been segregated into
sizes suitable for use under various construction specifications. The maximum
size rock in any one gradation is usually 6 to 8 cm max. & 2 to 4 cm min.
GRANITE - Granites are crystalline even graded rocks consisting essentially of
feldspar and quartz with smaller amounts of mica and other ferro- magnesian
minerals.
GRAVEL - Gravel consists of bulky mineral grains larger than about 5 mm
diameter. Pieces larger than 5mm are called stones and pieces larger than 25
cms are called boulders.
GREEDY - Applied to an aggregate or surface which will absorb a large quantity
of bituminous binding material.
GRIT - Applied to small sized stone used for binding road surfaces which have
received a bituminous dressing.
GROUTING - To fill the joints and voids in smaller masonry or in courses of road
metal with grout, such as asphalt.
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