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Site Site type Metalworking Residue/Artefacts Reference features charcoal pits, circular workshop Clay shrouds for bells, hammerstones Gortybrigane, Rath 1 Smithing hearth? Iron slag (11 kg), Clark & Long 2010 Co. Tipperary hammerscale, tuyéres Gragan West, Mound Iron slag – Cotter 1988:0004. Co. Clare date uncertain Grange West, Co. Sligo Isolated houses Iron slag Burenhult 1987 Grange, Co. Limerick Univallate Rath Iron slag, Ó Ríordain 1949b, 133. hammerstones Griffinstown, Co. Meath Industrial site 1 smithing hearth, 3.74kg smithing slag, Charcoal pit furnace bottom Haggardstown, Co. Louth Industrial site Iron slag Campbell 1994:180; McConway 1995:220; McLoughlin 1999:610; Moore 2001:858; O'Carroll 1999:544; Hardwood II, Co. Meath Industrial site Charcoal production pits Bowl furnace (C033) (possible) Walsh 2002:1348 Murphy 2002:1465; Murphy 2008, 7; Carlin 2008, 88. Hardwood III Industrial Site 3 bloom smithing Iron slag, unworked Murphy 2004 hearths bloom Harristown, Univallate Rath? Iron slag Murphy 1994:0181. Co. Louth Iniscealtra, Ecclesiastical Iron reduction pits de Paor 1970:0006 Co. Clare Iniskea North, Ecclesiastical? Iron slag Scott 1991, 167. Co. Mayo Island McHugh, Crannog Iron slag Davies 1950, 44. Co. Tyrone Johnstown I, Co. Meath Settlement/ cemetery 13 smelting furnaces, 5 smithing hearths Keeloguesbeg, Co. Galway Kells, Townpark, Co. Meath Kilgobbin, Stepaside, Co. Dublin Kilkieran, Co. Kilkenny Kill St Lawrence, Co. Waterford Killanully, Co. Cork Killederdadrum, Co. Tipperary Killickaweeney (I), Co. Meath 2200kg Iron slag; artefacts made on site, tuyéres, Iron chisel and punch Clarke & Carlin 2008, 73-75; Photos-Jones 2008a Ecclesiastical? Bowl furnace Iron slag Tierney 2001:0519. Ecclesiastical Ecclesiastical Slag; furnace bottom? Iron slag, smelting and smithing Byrne 1987:0041; 1988:0057. Larsson 2004:0645. Bolger, 2008, 85-112 Ecclesiastical Iron slag Hurley 1988b, 131. Ecclesiastical Slag O’Connell 2004, 49. Rath Iron slag (large quantity), tuyère, iron ore Mount 1995, 138-40, 146. Univallate Rath Iron slag Manning 1984 Enclosure 5 smithing hearths, 5 smelting furnaces in 86kg Smelting/smithing two separate areas slags, hammerscale, tuyères, unfinished iron object, iron chisel Ecclesiastical Iron-working area Furnace bottoms; slag Ecclesiastical Forging area, furnaces Tuyères, slag, Iron chisel and punch Killoran, Co. Tipperary Kilpatrick, Corbetstown, Co. Meath Kilree, Co. Kilkenny Multivallate 3 smithing hearths 29.5kg Iron slag, smithing and smelting. Iron anvil in souterrain Walsh 2008, 40-44; Photos-Jones 2008b. Stevens 1998:0615. Swan 1994-95, 8-11; Scott 1991, 158-63. Coughlan 2009, 2011 Kiltenan South, Isolated metal- Bowl furnace Slag Dennehy 2007, 291. Co. Limerick working site Kiltera, Ecclesiastical? Possible furnace Slag, iron anvil, Macalister 1935, 5. Co. Kilkenny Kiltiernan, Co. Galway Ecclesiastical Slag (unstratified) Waddell & Clyne 1995, 180. Kiltrough, Co. Meath Rath complex 1.2kg Iron slag Gallagher 2011 Knockadrina, Univallate Rath Iron slag Coughlan 2009, 2011; 76
Site Site type Metalworking Residue/Artefacts Reference features Co. Kilkenny Eogan 2011 Knockea, Co. Limerick Cemetery? Iron slag O’Kelly 1967, 93. Knowth, Co. Meath Enclosed settlement Furnaces 341kg Iron Slag Eogan 1977, 73-74; Scott 1991, 161. Knowth ‘M’, Co. Meath Settlement/ Iron slag Stout & Stout 2008 cemetery Knoxspark, Co. Sligo Promontory fort Iron slag (40 kg), Mount 2002, 2010 Eight complete furnace bottoms Labbamolaga Middle, Ecclesiastical Iron slag Cleary 1995:0035; Co. Cork Cleary 2000, 37-41. Lagore, Co. Meath Crannog Smithing hearths Iron slag & tuyère Hencken 1950; fragments. Iron Lynn 1985-6 Hammer head, Iron chisel Lahard, Co. Kerry Univallate Rath Iron slag Connolly 1994:0127. Larrybane, Promontory fort Iron slag Childe 1936, 192 Co Antrim Leacanabuaile, Cashel Iron slag, Ó Ríordáin & Foy Co. Kerry hammerstones 1941, 93 Leggetsrath, Co. Kilkenny Multivallate Rath Iron slag Lennon 2005, 2006a-b, 2011 Liathmore, Ecclesiastical Iron slag Leask & Macalister Co. Tipperary 1946, 1-14. Lisanisk, Co. Monaghan Multivallate Rath 2 smelting furnaces, 1 826.6kg Iron slag, 3 Coughlan 2011 smithing hearth. Two furnace bottoms separate sunken areas tuyère fragments, hammerscale Lislackagh, Rath Iron-smelting pit Furnace bottoms; Walsh 1992:0146; Co. Mayo furnace smelted, but unforged, Walsh 1995, 8. iron. Lisleagh I, Multivallate Furnace bottoms Iron slag (1,000 kg) Monk 1993 Co. Cork Lisleagh II, Co. Cork Univallate Rath Iron-working area, bowl furnace Iron slag (800kg) Monk 1991:0026: Scott 1991, 160-63. Lisnagade (2), Mutivallate Rath Slag Proudfoot 1961, 106. Co. Down Lisnagun, Co. Cork Univallate Rath Iron slag, O’Sullivan et al. 1998, hammerstones 54. Lissue, Co. Antrim Univallate Rath Iron slag Bersu 1947, 50. Lough Faughan, Crannog Metallurgical Bog ore, iron slag and Collins 1955, 75. Co Down hearth/furnace iron blooms Lough Island Reevy, Crannog Iron slag Gaffikin & Davies Co. Down 1938, 202. Loughbown 1, Multivallate 3 Smithing hearths Iron slag (130 kg) Bower 2009 Co. Galway Loughboy, Settlement/ Iron-working hearth Iron slag Cotter 1999 Co. Kilkenny Cemetery Loughlackagh, Souterrain Iron slag Lavelle 1994:202 Co. Roscommon Lowpark, Co. Mayo Univallate Rath 11 smithing hearths in Iron slag (1360 kg), Gillespie 2011 and Palisaded four iron-processing smithing, tuyéres, enclosure workshops anvil stone, Hammerscale Mackney, Co. Galway Univallate Rath 1 furnace and Iron slag (42 kg), Delaney 2009 2 smithing hearths anvil stone Maghera, Co. Down Ecclesiastical Iron-working debris, slag, tuyeres (context Hamlin 2008, 308; Lynn 1984-6:0086. not stated) Magheramenagh, Co. Souterrain Iron slag Reilly 1999:130 Londonderry Marlinstown, Settlement and Furnace Iron slag Keeley 1991:0126. Co. Westmeath Marshes Upper, Co. Louth Meadowbank Rath, Jordanstown, Co. Antrim Moathill 1, Co. Meath cemetery Enclosure complex (iron-working?) Furnace bottoms Iron slag (14.5 kg), bloom smelting waste, hammerstones Raised rath 1 metallurgical hearth Iron slag (large quantity); tuyère Enclosure complex 1 metallurgical hearth Iron slag (15 kg), smithing waste, tuyére Gower 1992 Halpin & Crothers 1995:0007. Giacometti 2007 77
Page 2 and 3:
The Early Medieval Archaeology Proj
Page 4 and 5:
Table of Contents Section 1: An Ove
Page 6 and 7:
value to excavation reports far bey
Page 8 and 9:
Fig. 1.2: Percentages of site types
Page 10 and 11:
Map 1.1: Map of site that produced
Page 12 and 13:
Map 1.3a: Map of site that produced
Page 14 and 15:
Page 16 and 17:
Page 18 and 19:
Page 20 and 21:
Page 22 and 23:
Page 24 and 25:
Map 1.11: Geological evidence for s
Page 26 and 27:
data from over 300 sites, and has p
Page 28 and 29:
2.2: Iron artefacts on Irish early
Page 30 and 31: 2012 gazetteer as well as at Randal
Page 32 and 33: also been found within or close to
Page 34 and 35: superstructure (ibid. 117). A few a
Page 36 and 37: 2.4.1: Smithing Secondary smithing
Page 38 and 39: working furnace at Rathgurreen and
Page 40 and 41: smithing and bloom smithing (827 kg
Page 42 and 43: number of hearths as indicative of
Page 44 and 45: univallate enclosures at Lisleagh 1
Page 46 and 47: Chapter 3: Early Medieval Non-Ferro
Page 48 and 49: Map 3.1: Map showing distribution o
Page 50 and 51: little Irish work has been undertak
Page 52 and 53: 3.2.4: Motif-pieces Stone, antler,
Page 54 and 55: supported by the evidence on most l
Page 56 and 57: needle (ibid. 144-49). However, McE
Page 58 and 59: ferrous metal-working relative to s
Page 60 and 61: glass-working which might suggest t
Page 62 and 63: 93). One decorated millefiori rod a
Page 64 and 65: Map 5.1: Map of Ireland showing evi
Page 66 and 67: handles, some smoothed and undecora
Page 68 and 69: comb of Scottish origin at Castlefa
Page 70 and 71: Chapter 6: Early medieval stone-wor
Page 72 and 73: Grindstones are circular stones wit
Page 74 and 75: North and appear to have been disca
Page 76 and 77: APPENDIX 1 Site Site type Metalwork
Page 78 and 79: Site Site type Metalworking Residue
Page 82 and 83: Site Site type Metalworking Residue
Page 84 and 85: Site Site type Metal-working Artefa
Page 86 and 87: Site Site type Metal-working featur
Page 88 and 89: Site Site type Evidence Reference A
Page 90 and 91: Site name Evidence Reference Athlum
Page 92 and 93: Armagh: Cathedral Hill, Co. Armagh
Page 94 and 95: Site name Evidence Reference Ballin
Page 96 and 97: Site name Evidence Reference Aghade
Page 98 and 99: Site name Evidence Reference Legget
Page 100 and 101: Co. Antrim Ballyhenry II, Co. Antri
Page 102 and 103: Co. Louth Donegore, Co. Antrim Doon
Page 104 and 105: Co. Monaghan Lisleitrim, Co. Armagh
Page 106 and 107: Townland/Site Name Site Type Commen
Page 108 and 109: young lords of territories; six in
Page 110 and 111: The only ornaments which appear in
Page 112 and 113: perhaps adopted only by a minority
Page 114 and 115: Clogher, Co. Tyrone Multivallate pl
Page 116 and 117: Fig 3.2: brooches by site types (40
Page 118 and 119: Cloghermore, Dalkey Island, Dooey,
Page 120 and 121: Of the 216 sites with personal orna
Page 122 and 123: Glass is the most common material f
Page 124 and 125: Chapter 8: Manufacturing on Rural S
Page 126 and 127: weft-beaters or other weaving-relat
Page 128 and 129: the preparatory stage occurred in t
Page 130 and 131:
Carraig Aille II 33 18 stone, 15 bo
Page 132 and 133:
possible Roestown, Co Meath Non-cir
Page 134 and 135:
Fig. 8.3: Location of sites with ev
Page 136 and 137:
matting. Rush seeds were found in t
Page 138 and 139:
(Lennon 1994, 59), Rathgurreen (Com
Page 140 and 141:
Cherrywood Other Pin slag Collierst
Page 142 and 143:
Significant evidence for metal-work
Page 144 and 145:
Kilkenny 1 1 Longford 1 1 Ulster 13
Page 146 and 147:
Dooey Other Pins bone working evide
Page 148 and 149:
APPENDIX 2 Site Site type Preparati
Page 150 and 151:
Marshes Upper Non-circular Y Y Y Mi
Page 152 and 153:
Bayley, D. 2003:1286. Newtownbalreg
Page 154 and 155:
Brady, N. & Gibson, P. 2005. The Ea
Page 156 and 157:
Chart, D.A. 1940. A Preliminary Sur
Page 158 and 159:
- 1994. Atlantic fortifications: Th
Page 160 and 161:
Delaney, S. 2003:1272. Carn More, F
Page 162 and 163:
Doyle, T. 2008. Hair of the dog. Se
Page 164 and 165:
- 2006b. Archaeological discoveries
Page 166 and 167:
social transformation c. A.D. 500-1
Page 168 and 169:
Papers from the Proceedings of the
Page 170 and 171:
- 2010. Viking elements in Irish to
Page 172 and 173:
- 1999. The Vikings in the Kingdom
Page 174 and 175:
Lennon, A. M. & Henry, M. 2000. Pre
Page 176 and 177:
McCarthy, A. 1986:29. Ballybunion,
Page 178 and 179:
Since the Roman Period. London & Sy
Page 180 and 181:
- 1988. Excavations at Lisleagh Rin
Page 182 and 183:
NAC leaflet. 2011. Steeple Road, An
Page 184 and 185:
Meath. Unpublished report prepared
Page 186 and 187:
- 1951-2a. St. Gobnet’s House, Ba
Page 188 and 189:
- 2005b. Medieval fish traps on the
Page 190 and 191:
- 1953. Preliminary report on Excav
Page 192 and 193:
- 1958. Two souterrains at Bawntaaf
Page 194 and 195:
- 2007. Clonfad 3: A unique glimpse
Page 196 and 197:
Historical Journal, 3, 165-86. Wadd
Page 198 and 199:
- 1971. A Marshland Habitation Site
Page 200 and 201:
Zajac, S. 2002:1382. Carrowkeel, Co
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