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APPENDIX 1 Site Site type Metalworking features Aghadegnan, Univallate Rath Co. Longford Aghaloo, Rousky, Co. Tyrone Aghavea, Co. Fermanagh Ahanaglogh, Co. Waterford Altanagh, Co. Tyrone ‘Two phases of ironworking’ 1 metalworking hearth Residue/Artefacts Reference Iron Slag Carroll 1991:0091. Ecclesiastical Slag, smithing hearth Carver 2007, 85-86. cakes and Young 2007, 94-96. hammerscale and a hearth ceramic (lining or tuyère) Ecclesiastical Bowl Furnaces Slag Ó Baoill 2000:0352; Anon. 2000, 4. Other; Hearths 3 Furnaces, 3 smithing 45kg, Slag, anvil Tierney & Elliot 2008, hearths stone; smithing waste; 101-106. A.D. 660-990 (2 Σ) furnace bottoms, tuyére frags Univallate Rath 10 Furnaces Iron slag, Williams 1986, 51-58. hammerscale 6 furnace bottoms Ardcloon, Univallate Rath None excavated Iron Slag Rynne 1956, 208. Co. Mayo Armagh: English Street, Ecclesiastical Slag; tuyères Crothers 1999, 64, 69, 77. Co. Armagh Armoy, Ecclesiastical Slag Nelis 2005:0007 Co. Antrim Augherskea, Settlement/ hearth-bottoms Iron slag, charcoal Baker 2010, 6-7 Co. Meath cemetery fuel Balgatheran, Univallate Iron slag Chapple 2000:0638. Co. Louth Enclosure Ballinderry (I), Crannog Iron slag, Iron anvil Hencken 1936, 161. Co. Offaly found at Ballinderry 2 Ballyaghagan 1, Univallate Rath 1 hearth with ‘smelting Iron slag Scott 1991, 221 Co. Antrim debris’ Ballyarra, Co. Cork Souterrain Iron slag Fahy 1953, 58. Ballybrit, Co. Galway Univallate Rath Iron slag Waddell 1971, 79. Ballycasey, Co. Clare Univallate Iron slag, Tuyére frags O’Neill 2002:0079. Enclosure Ballycatteen, Co. Cork Multivallate Rath None 13.64kg Iron slag, furnace bottoms Ó Ríordáin & Hartnett 1943, 30. Ballyduff, Co. Antrim Multivallate Rath Iron cinders Avery 1970:01 (bivallate) Ballyfounder, Raised Rath Iron slag, Iron chisel Waterman 1958b, 49. Co. Down Ballyhamage, Univallate Iron slag Crothers 2003:0004 Co. Antrim enclosure and Souterrain Ballyhenry, Co. Antrim Univallate Rath Ore – haematite Scott 1991, 154. Ballyhill Lower, Univallate Rath Iron ore Williams 1985:02 Co. Antrim Ballymacash, Univallate Rath Slag Jope & Ivens 1998 Co. Antrim Ballymacrea Other; unenclosed Iron slag Ballynagallagh, Univallate Rath Iron smelting slag (65 Cleary 2006 Co. Limerick kg), furnace bottom Ballynakelly, Non-circular Iron slag McCarthy 2011 Co. Dublin enclosure Ballyrea, Co. Armagh Souterain Iron slag Crothers 1992:004 Ballyrenan, Co. Down Rath Iron slag McManus 1997:074 Ballyvollen, Co. Antrim Rath Iron slag (170kg), 3 tuyères, Iron punch Williams 1985b, 96-99; Scott 1991, 221. Ballyvourney, (St Gobnet’s) Co. Cork House site/ Ecclesiastical Pits Furnace bottoms (57); tuyères, bog ore O’Kelly 1952, 32-35. Scott 1991, 154 Ballywee, Co. Antrim Settlement Iron slag, Scott 1991, 221. Balriggan, Settlement/ Industrial area, iron 113.5kg Slag, Delaney & Roycroft Co. Louth Cemetery ore roasting oven fragments of a furnace 2003, 19. Delaney wall “probable 2010, 97-8. remains of shaft” Iron punch Baronstown, Co. Meath Non-circular Furnace lining Iron slag (3.36kg), Linnane 2009 72
Site Site type Metalworking Residue/Artefacts Reference features enclosure Smithing Beal Boru Univallate Rath Iron slag O’Kelly 1962 Beginish, House site Slag, tuyère O’Kelly 1956, 182. Co. Kerry Big Glebe, Raised rath Iron slag Scott 1991, 222. Co. Londonderry Bighouse Souterrain Iron slag Evans 1945 Bofeenaun, Co. Sligo Crannog Possible furnace Iron slag (74kg), O’Sullivan A 1998a, hammerstones, Iron 122 chisel Boho, Co. Fermanagh Univallate Rath 2 hearths one with iron Iron slag Proudfoot 1953, 55. slag Borris, Co. Tipperary Univallate Rath 6 smithing hearths; 2 Iron slag (143 kg), Ó Droma 2006:1933; with earlier smelting furnaces, tuyéres, hammerscale Wallace 2010 enclosures sunken smithing areas Boyerstown, Co. Meath Non-circular Iron slag (2.43 kg), Clarke 2009 enclosure Smithing Brigown, Co. Cork Multivallate Rath Possible furnace/ Iron slag O’Callaghan 2003 metallurgical hearth Brokerstown, Univallate Rath Iron slag Dunlop 2009 Co. Antrim Bushmills Distillery, Souterrain Iron slag Keery <strong>2012</strong> Co. Antrim Butterfield, Co. Dublin Ecclesiastical Iron slag Carroll 1997:0184 Cabinteely, Mount Offaly, Co. Dublin Settlement/ cemetery Furnace Iron slag Conway 1999, 39. Cahircalla, Co. Clare Enclosure 16.6kg, Iron slag Taylor 2004:0141 Hull & Taylor 2005, 38-9. Cahercommaun, Cashel Iron slag Hencken 1938, 54-5. Co. Clare Cahergal, Co. Kerry Cashel Iron slag and tuyère Manning 1990:0067 Caherlehillan, Ecclesiastical Iron slag Sheehan 1996:0165 Co. Kerry Cahircalla More, Co. Clare Taylor 2004, 2006 Univallate Rath Four smithing hearths Iron slag (16.6 kg), stone anvil, lump iron ore haematite, Iron chisel Calliaghstown, Non circular Furnace lining Iron slag (0.168 kg) Reilly et al. 2008 Co. Meath Furnace lining Camus, Ecclesiastical? Furnace May 1958 Co. Londonderry Caraun More, Univallate Rath Bowl furnaces Iron slag Seaver & Conran 2009 Co. Galway Carn, Co. Fermanagh Cashel Iron slag Brannon 1981-82b, 64 Carnmore West, Co. Cashel Furnace lining 0.14kg Iron dense slag Sutton 2008, 2011 Galway from smelting Carraig Aille I, Cashel Iron slag, Iron punch Ó Ríordáin 1948–50 Co. Limerick Carraig Aille II, Cashel Iron slag, Iron chisel Ó Ríordáin 1948–50 Co. Limerick Carrigatogher Harding, Multivallate 2 metallurgical 750kg Iron slag; Taylor 2010 Co. Tipperary hearths/furnaces tuyère Carrigoran, Co. Clare Cashel 2 smithing hearths, 30.4kg Iron slag, Reilly 2000 1 furnace Carrowkeel Univallate Rath Iron slag Walsh & Zajac 2004 Co. Mayo Castlefarm, Co. Meath Settlement/ Three smithing hearths 75.6kg smithing slag, O’Connell 2006, 2009; cemetery tuyére O’Connell & Clark Cavanapole, Co. Armagh Chapelizod, Co. Dublin Cherrywood, Co. Dublin 2009 Univallate Rath Iron slag, Crothers 1996:0015. Ecclesiastical Settlement/ cemetery? Ecclesiastical Furnace and smithing hearth Church Island, Co. Kerry Pit furnace/ smithing furnace Clogher, Co.Tyrone Multivallate Two smelting furnaces, 1 stone and Slag Walsh 2002:0492. Iron slag (small frags) Ó Néill 1999, 2006 Iron slag, O’Kelly 1958, 69; hammerstones Scott 1991, 167. Iron slag Warner 1971:032, 1972:031, 1973:033, 73
Page 2 and 3:
The Early Medieval Archaeology Proj
Page 4 and 5:
Table of Contents Section 1: An Ove
Page 6 and 7:
value to excavation reports far bey
Page 8 and 9:
Fig. 1.2: Percentages of site types
Page 10 and 11:
Map 1.1: Map of site that produced
Page 12 and 13:
Map 1.3a: Map of site that produced
Page 14 and 15:
Page 16 and 17:
Page 18 and 19:
Page 20 and 21:
Page 22 and 23:
Page 24 and 25:
Map 1.11: Geological evidence for s
Page 26 and 27: data from over 300 sites, and has p
Page 28 and 29: 2.2: Iron artefacts on Irish early
Page 30 and 31: 2012 gazetteer as well as at Randal
Page 32 and 33: also been found within or close to
Page 34 and 35: superstructure (ibid. 117). A few a
Page 36 and 37: 2.4.1: Smithing Secondary smithing
Page 38 and 39: working furnace at Rathgurreen and
Page 40 and 41: smithing and bloom smithing (827 kg
Page 42 and 43: number of hearths as indicative of
Page 44 and 45: univallate enclosures at Lisleagh 1
Page 46 and 47: Chapter 3: Early Medieval Non-Ferro
Page 48 and 49: Map 3.1: Map showing distribution o
Page 50 and 51: little Irish work has been undertak
Page 52 and 53: 3.2.4: Motif-pieces Stone, antler,
Page 54 and 55: supported by the evidence on most l
Page 56 and 57: needle (ibid. 144-49). However, McE
Page 58 and 59: ferrous metal-working relative to s
Page 60 and 61: glass-working which might suggest t
Page 62 and 63: 93). One decorated millefiori rod a
Page 64 and 65: Map 5.1: Map of Ireland showing evi
Page 66 and 67: handles, some smoothed and undecora
Page 68 and 69: comb of Scottish origin at Castlefa
Page 70 and 71: Chapter 6: Early medieval stone-wor
Page 72 and 73: Grindstones are circular stones wit
Page 74 and 75: North and appear to have been disca
Page 78 and 79: Site Site type Metalworking Residue
Page 84 and 85: Site Site type Metal-working Artefa
Page 86 and 87: Site Site type Metal-working featur
Page 88 and 89: Site Site type Evidence Reference A
Page 90 and 91: Site name Evidence Reference Athlum
Page 92 and 93: Armagh: Cathedral Hill, Co. Armagh
Page 94 and 95: Site name Evidence Reference Ballin
Page 96 and 97: Site name Evidence Reference Aghade
Page 98 and 99: Site name Evidence Reference Legget
Page 100 and 101: Co. Antrim Ballyhenry II, Co. Antri
Page 102 and 103: Co. Louth Donegore, Co. Antrim Doon
Page 104 and 105: Co. Monaghan Lisleitrim, Co. Armagh
Page 106 and 107: Townland/Site Name Site Type Commen
Page 108 and 109: young lords of territories; six in
Page 110 and 111: The only ornaments which appear in
Page 112 and 113: perhaps adopted only by a minority
Page 114 and 115: Clogher, Co. Tyrone Multivallate pl
Page 116 and 117: Fig 3.2: brooches by site types (40
Page 118 and 119: Cloghermore, Dalkey Island, Dooey,
Page 120 and 121: Of the 216 sites with personal orna
Page 122 and 123: Glass is the most common material f
Page 124 and 125: Chapter 8: Manufacturing on Rural S
Page 126 and 127:
weft-beaters or other weaving-relat
Page 128 and 129:
the preparatory stage occurred in t
Page 130 and 131:
Carraig Aille II 33 18 stone, 15 bo
Page 132 and 133:
possible Roestown, Co Meath Non-cir
Page 134 and 135:
Fig. 8.3: Location of sites with ev
Page 136 and 137:
matting. Rush seeds were found in t
Page 138 and 139:
(Lennon 1994, 59), Rathgurreen (Com
Page 140 and 141:
Cherrywood Other Pin slag Collierst
Page 142 and 143:
Significant evidence for metal-work
Page 144 and 145:
Kilkenny 1 1 Longford 1 1 Ulster 13
Page 146 and 147:
Dooey Other Pins bone working evide
Page 148 and 149:
APPENDIX 2 Site Site type Preparati
Page 150 and 151:
Marshes Upper Non-circular Y Y Y Mi
Page 152 and 153:
Bayley, D. 2003:1286. Newtownbalreg
Page 154 and 155:
Brady, N. & Gibson, P. 2005. The Ea
Page 156 and 157:
Chart, D.A. 1940. A Preliminary Sur
Page 158 and 159:
- 1994. Atlantic fortifications: Th
Page 160 and 161:
Delaney, S. 2003:1272. Carn More, F
Page 162 and 163:
Doyle, T. 2008. Hair of the dog. Se
Page 164 and 165:
- 2006b. Archaeological discoveries
Page 166 and 167:
social transformation c. A.D. 500-1
Page 168 and 169:
Papers from the Proceedings of the
Page 170 and 171:
- 2010. Viking elements in Irish to
Page 172 and 173:
- 1999. The Vikings in the Kingdom
Page 174 and 175:
Lennon, A. M. & Henry, M. 2000. Pre
Page 176 and 177:
McCarthy, A. 1986:29. Ballybunion,
Page 178 and 179:
Since the Roman Period. London & Sy
Page 180 and 181:
- 1988. Excavations at Lisleagh Rin
Page 182 and 183:
NAC leaflet. 2011. Steeple Road, An
Page 184 and 185:
Meath. Unpublished report prepared
Page 186 and 187:
- 1951-2a. St. Gobnet’s House, Ba
Page 188 and 189:
- 2005b. Medieval fish traps on the
Page 190 and 191:
- 1953. Preliminary report on Excav
Page 192 and 193:
- 1958. Two souterrains at Bawntaaf
Page 194 and 195:
- 2007. Clonfad 3: A unique glimpse
Page 196 and 197:
Historical Journal, 3, 165-86. Wadd
Page 198 and 199:
- 1971. A Marshland Habitation Site
Page 200 and 201:
Zajac, S. 2002:1382. Carrowkeel, Co
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