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Significant evidence for metal-working was found at Moynagh Lough, including fragments of clay moulds, with at least three made for casting brooches (Bradley 1991, 20). One of these showed a bird’s head terminal (Bradley 1994-5, 166); while the bird-headed penannular brooch found on the site was made of sheet metal, rather than cast (Ó Floinn 2009, 243-5), the mould might indicate the manufacture of such brooches here. While just seven examples of this brooch type are known (see Ó Floinn 2009, which does not include Baronstown), the small cluster in Meath (Lagore and Baronstown as well as Moynagh Lough), together with the evidence of the mould, might suggest a centralised location for the manufacture and dissemination of these brooches. Site Site type Ornaments Manufacturing evidence Ballinderry II Crannog 3 zoomorphic & 1 penannular brooch, 10 pins (1 enamelled), 1 43 fragments of crucibles, 8 clay moulds, shale trial piece bracelet, 2 rings Ballycasey More Univallate Ring pin Clay mould Ballycatteen Multivallate penannular brooch, handpin, 2 Clay crucible fragments ringed pins, other pins Ballywee Non-circular ringed pins & silvered bronze Crucibles buckle Balriggan Non-circular 2 pin shafts Crucible fragment Baronstown Non-circular 2 brooches, 1 pin, 1 bracelet Copper alloy waste Carraig Aille II Cashel gilt bronze & bronze brooches, 19 pins, 1 ring Castlefarm Cemetery/ settlement 2 brooches, 22 pins (with iron), 26 pins, 1 silvered bronze pin, 4 rings 3 crucibles & many fragments of same, some with green indicating copper working Copper globules & ingot Castleskreen Univallate Possible brooch Crucibles Cavanapole Univallate 1 ring pin Crucible fragments Clea Lakes Crannog 2 pins 2 crucibles with bronze stains Clogher multivallate brooch, fragments of penannular brooches, handpin, bracelet “brooch factory” - quantities of brooch fragments – bronze bracelet as possible scrap? Cloghermore Other 6 pins, buckle fragments crucible Coonagh West Univallate Pair of brooches and some pins Crucible fragment Dalkey Island Other penannular brooch, pins Crucible fragments, lump of copper slag, copper ingot Deer Park Farms Raised 1 brooch, 5 pins, 4 rings Crucible sherds, possible copper ingot Dooey Other Brooches, pins, buckles Crucibles; complete & fragmentary clay moulds, including 1 for penannular brooch Dunmisk Univallate Ringpin Hundreds of clay mould fragments, crucible sherds Dunnyneill Island Other penannular brooch, 1 pin Crucible fragment; copper fragments Faughart Lower Cemetery/ Pins crucible settlement Feerwore Univallate pin & rings Crucible fragment Garranes Multivallate penannular brooch, 3 pins, possible ring bronze casting fragment; clay & stone moulds for pins & rings; bronze pin (in frags) fresh from casting; 39 crucibles & 2500 fragments Garryduff Univallate 15 pins, rings Complete & fragmentary crucibles Gransha Raised penannular brooch, spiral ring Motif pieces pin Kilgobbin Multivallate 3 pins 4 crucibles, 2 clay moulds, copper slag Knowth Raised 3 brooches, 145 pins, 3 buckles, One 2-piece clay mould 2 bracelets Knoxspark Other 2 pin stems, 1 pendant Clipped fragments of silvered bronze Lagore Crannog 8 brooches, 31 pins, 3 buckles, 2 Moulds; molten bronze; 263 bracelets, 5 rings crucibles/fragments Letterkeen Univallate Pin crucibles 138
Lisduggan North Univallate Buckle Crucible fragment Lisleagh I Multivallate pin (with iron), buckle & bead Bronze-working debris Lissue Univallate Pin (with iron) Slate motif piece Lough Faughan Crannog penannular brooch, 1 pin Crucibles, copper slag, clay mould Marlinstown multivallate bracelet & ring Crucible fragments Moynagh Lough Crannog 2 brooches, 7 pins, 2 rings Crucible fragments; 600+ mould fragments, including 3 brooch moulds Newtownlow Crannog 20 pins Crucible fragments Parknahown Cemetery/ 2 brooches, 13 pins, 1 Crucible fragment settlement bead/necklace fragment Platin Multivallate 1 ringed pin Crucible fragments Raheennamadra Univallate Pin crucible Rathgurreen Multivallate Pin (with iron) Crucibles Rathtinaun Crannog 1 brooch, at least 9 pins, crucibles bracelets, rings Ratoath Non-circular brooch & neck-ring Crucible sherd Roestown 2 Non-circular 32 pin fragments, 1 buckle crucible fragments, copper alloy residue, bone motif pieces Woodstown Other Pin Crucible fragments Table 8.8: Sites with copper-alloy ornaments and evidence of non-ferrous manufacturing In three of the sites above – Cloghermore, Ratoath and Woodstown – the copper alloy ornaments were found in burial contexts; at Cloghermore, the crucible also was found with human remains. At that site at least, the evidence might suggest that one of the deceased interred in the cave was a metal-worker, rather than that metal-working was being carried out on site. In the case of Ratoath, the copper-alloy neck-ring has been identified as an Anglo-Saxon type which may have been imported to the site (O’Brien 2009). While the focus here is primarily on copper alloy, other sites produced evidence of gold and silver working; few of these sites produced ornaments made of these metals, but the possibility of their use in embellishing copper-alloy ornaments should be borne in mind. Knowth had crucible evidence for both gold and silverworking, while a gold ingot at Moynagh Lough suggests this metal was being used there. Glass-working <strong>The</strong> centralised manufacture of various glass ornaments has been suggested, particularly in relation to the glass bangles, which may originally have been developed and produced in the kingdom of Brega, under royal patronage operating from the sites of Lagore, Knowth and Moynagh Lough (Carroll 2001, 107). One study showed that over half of all glass bangles were found in county Meath (Carroll 2001, 103; see Table 8.9 for update), with significant quantities from these high-status sites in particular. Two of these sites – Lagore and Moynagh Lough – are among the four sites with glass bracelets which also have evidence for glass working; the others are Garryduff and Island MacHugh. <strong>The</strong> evidence from the first two sites, both crannogs, is primarily in the form of glass stud moulds and glass rods, with an unfinished glass bead at Moynagh Lough; Garryduff produced a blob of molten glass, and Island MacHugh enamel residues in crucibles. While there was no direct evidence for the manufacture of glass bracelets there, the excavator of Lagore suggested it was probable (Hencken 1950, 12); such manufacture need not leave specific traces (see Carroll 2001, 103 for the process). Modern Province Modern county Sites Total bracelets Leinster 15 46 Louth 1 1 Meath 6 29 Westmeath 1 1 Offaly 1 7 Dublin 2 3 Kildare 1 1 Wicklow 1 2 139
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The Early Medieval Archaeology Proj
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Table of Contents Section 1: An Ove
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value to excavation reports far bey
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Fig. 1.2: Percentages of site types
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Map 1.1: Map of site that produced
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Map 1.3a: Map of site that produced
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Map 1.11: Geological evidence for s
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data from over 300 sites, and has p
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2.2: Iron artefacts on Irish early
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2012 gazetteer as well as at Randal
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also been found within or close to
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superstructure (ibid. 117). A few a
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2.4.1: Smithing Secondary smithing
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working furnace at Rathgurreen and
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smithing and bloom smithing (827 kg
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number of hearths as indicative of
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univallate enclosures at Lisleagh 1
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Chapter 3: Early Medieval Non-Ferro
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Map 3.1: Map showing distribution o
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little Irish work has been undertak
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3.2.4: Motif-pieces Stone, antler,
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supported by the evidence on most l
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needle (ibid. 144-49). However, McE
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ferrous metal-working relative to s
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glass-working which might suggest t
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93). One decorated millefiori rod a
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Map 5.1: Map of Ireland showing evi
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handles, some smoothed and undecora
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comb of Scottish origin at Castlefa
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Chapter 6: Early medieval stone-wor
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Grindstones are circular stones wit
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North and appear to have been disca
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APPENDIX 1 Site Site type Metalwork
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Site Site type Metalworking Residue
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Site Site type Metal-working Artefa
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Site Site type Metal-working featur
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Site Site type Evidence Reference A
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Site name Evidence Reference Athlum
Page 92 and 93: Armagh: Cathedral Hill, Co. Armagh
Page 94 and 95: Site name Evidence Reference Ballin
Page 96 and 97: Site name Evidence Reference Aghade
Page 98 and 99: Site name Evidence Reference Legget
Page 100 and 101: Co. Antrim Ballyhenry II, Co. Antri
Page 102 and 103: Co. Louth Donegore, Co. Antrim Doon
Page 104 and 105: Co. Monaghan Lisleitrim, Co. Armagh
Page 106 and 107: Townland/Site Name Site Type Commen
Page 108 and 109: young lords of territories; six in
Page 110 and 111: The only ornaments which appear in
Page 112 and 113: perhaps adopted only by a minority
Page 114 and 115: Clogher, Co. Tyrone Multivallate pl
Page 116 and 117: Fig 3.2: brooches by site types (40
Page 118 and 119: Cloghermore, Dalkey Island, Dooey,
Page 120 and 121: Of the 216 sites with personal orna
Page 122 and 123: Glass is the most common material f
Page 124 and 125: Chapter 8: Manufacturing on Rural S
Page 126 and 127: weft-beaters or other weaving-relat
Page 128 and 129: the preparatory stage occurred in t
Page 130 and 131: Carraig Aille II 33 18 stone, 15 bo
Page 132 and 133: possible Roestown, Co Meath Non-cir
Page 134 and 135: Fig. 8.3: Location of sites with ev
Page 136 and 137: matting. Rush seeds were found in t
Page 138 and 139: (Lennon 1994, 59), Rathgurreen (Com
Page 140 and 141: Cherrywood Other Pin slag Collierst
Page 144 and 145: Kilkenny 1 1 Longford 1 1 Ulster 13
Page 146 and 147: Dooey Other Pins bone working evide
Page 148 and 149: APPENDIX 2 Site Site type Preparati
Page 150 and 151: Marshes Upper Non-circular Y Y Y Mi
Page 152 and 153: Bayley, D. 2003:1286. Newtownbalreg
Page 154 and 155: Brady, N. & Gibson, P. 2005. The Ea
Page 156 and 157: Chart, D.A. 1940. A Preliminary Sur
Page 158 and 159: - 1994. Atlantic fortifications: Th
Page 160 and 161: Delaney, S. 2003:1272. Carn More, F
Page 162 and 163: Doyle, T. 2008. Hair of the dog. Se
Page 164 and 165: - 2006b. Archaeological discoveries
Page 166 and 167: social transformation c. A.D. 500-1
Page 168 and 169: Papers from the Proceedings of the
Page 170 and 171: - 2010. Viking elements in Irish to
Page 172 and 173: - 1999. The Vikings in the Kingdom
Page 174 and 175: Lennon, A. M. & Henry, M. 2000. Pre
Page 176 and 177: McCarthy, A. 1986:29. Ballybunion,
Page 178 and 179: Since the Roman Period. London & Sy
Page 180 and 181: - 1988. Excavations at Lisleagh Rin
Page 182 and 183: NAC leaflet. 2011. Steeple Road, An
Page 184 and 185: Meath. Unpublished report prepared
Page 186 and 187: - 1951-2a. St. Gobnet’s House, Ba
Page 188 and 189: - 2005b. Medieval fish traps on the
Page 190 and 191: - 1953. Preliminary report on Excav
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- 1958. Two souterrains at Bawntaaf
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- 2007. Clonfad 3: A unique glimpse
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Historical Journal, 3, 165-86. Wadd
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- 1971. A Marshland Habitation Site
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Zajac, S. 2002:1382. Carrowkeel, Co
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