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Westmeath possible entrance to the north, represented by a gap in the post ring. There were two superimposed hearths (layers of grey clay and charcoal). It is possible that this was actually a rectangular house, as the timbers were quite complex and skilfully worked, perhaps similar to timber houses in Hiberno-Scandinavian Dublin. There were enormous quantities of animal bone on the site. Finds from this phase included two socketed spearheads, a decorated iron bill-hook, an iron tub hoop, an iron staple, nails, knife-blade fragment, metalworking detritus, two stone hones, a decorated comb, wooden vessels, wooden carding comb, two wooden paddles. There was an assemblage of artefacts that were of a distinctively Viking character; including a Viking long bow, two iron Viking spearheads, an iron Viking sword, an iron Viking battle axe, two glass linen smoothers and an iron strike-a-light. There was also a collection of objects that could be described as Hiberno-Scandinavian (with good parallels from tenthcentury Dublin), including a decorated yew-wood gaming board, motif pieces, a kite brooch, ringed pins, a hanging lamp, a wooden zoomorphic terminal and a copper-alloy strap end. Interestingly, the artefacts could be both interpreted as male (i.e. weaponry) and female (i.e. carding comb, linen smoothers) in character. Phase 2 – Primary crannog (early to mid eleventh-century AD) Phase 2 sees the building and occupation of a ‘classic’, but modestly sized crannog, with a circular palisade (15m diameter), a house and a surrounding timber decking. A deposit of sterile, black peat was laid over the previous occupation. At the centre of the crannog was a medium-sized, circular house (House 1), measuring 5m in diameter, constructed of vertical posts with a possible entrance facing towards the south. The house’s floor was a brushwood layer, with a wattle screen and a thin layer of clay suggesting that it was renewed. The house was surrounded (and eccentrically placed within) by a pennanular area of timbers laid concentrically to it. This appears to have been a timber walkway or decking around the house (15m in diameter). Human bones were found in the substructure of Phase 2. Finds from the substructure of Phase 2 included copper-alloy pin fragments, a plain-ringed, loop-headed pin, two tanged knives, a stone hone, a leather shoe and a pig-fibula pin, a decorated wooden motif piece, stave-built vessels, a wooden ladle, a boat fragment (probably a knee from a dugout boat) and paddle. Finds from the occupation layer of Phase 2 included a copper-alloy strip, a wooden tub, an iron plough coulter, a socketed pronged tool (probably used for leather working), two iron rings, a lignite bracelet fragment, a double-sided bone comb and a leather off-cut. Finds from the earliest phase of the house included a plain, copper-alloy, pennanular brooch (tenth century type), a bronze pin, hones, an antler tip and a blue glass bracelet. Finds from the intermediate phase of the house included a silver kiteshaped brooch, three ringed pins, two bone combs, a millstone, hones, wooden containers. Finds from the final phase of the house included an iron spearhead and a single-sided comb. Phase 3 – Primary crannog (mid eleventh-century AD) Phase 3 sees the construction of an enlarged crannog, with a massive pile palisade (26m by 32m), a defined entrance to the southeast, a quay and a brushwood floor. The internal area of the crannog saw the deposition of a sterile peat layer over the whole area, burying the previous, abandoned house. A wattle screen was laid down and the site was enlarged to the east with layers of peat and brushwood. Indeed, the crannog was prone to slumping towards the east and many more layers were added there. The entrance was quite elaborate, with a passageway of posts lining the entrance area on either side. There was also a gatepost with a bar-hole to the southwest, indicating the use of a gate. Phase 4 – Reconditioning of site (mid to late eleventh-century AD) Phase 4 saw the reconditioning of the crannog, with the use of two houses, the repair of the palisade, the blocking of the entrance and the growing importance of the quay (suggesting that the crannog was now surrounded by water). The interior of the site was levelled off with peat and branches. There were various hearths within the site which have been interpreted as the floor of houses. There was a large, centrally placed ‘hearth’ of ashes that developed in two stages. This could have been a rectangular house floor. There was also two hearths at the northeast edge of the site (Hencken’s House II and House III), with rectilinear plank floors and fireplaces. An oak plank palisade was inserted in those places where the pile palisade was in need of repair, particularly on the eastern side of the site (where the piles 706
Westmeath were tilting dramatically). Finds from this phase included (Hencken’s group 2, 3, 4) an iron knife, a crutch-head ringed pin, a boat fragment, a bone pin and a wooden tub. It is also possible that a bronze hanging lamp was lost outside the palisade at this stage. Phase5 – Site abandonment (late eleventh-century AD) Phase 5 sees the abandonment of the crannog, with a dark humus developing over the late hearths. There was a layer of gravel over this, which was succeeded by a thick superficial layer. There was some transitory activity on the site in the late middle ages, with a thirteenth-century axe-head deposited outside the crannog near the quay. References: Hencken, H. O’N. 1933. A gaming board of the Viking Age. Acta Archaeologica, 4, 85–104. Hencken, H. O’N. 1936. Ballinderry crannóg no. 1. Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy Section C, 43C, 103–239. Johnson, R. 1999. Ballinderry crannóg No. 1: a reinterpretation. Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy Section C, 99C, 23–71. Lynn, C. J. 1985-6. Lagore, County Meath and Ballinderry No. I, County Westmeath crannógs: some possible structural reinterpretations. Journal of Irish Archaeology, 3, 69–73. Newman, C. 1986. The archaeology of Ballinderry Lough. Unpublished MA thesis, NUI. O’Sullivan, A. 2003. The Harvard Archaeological Mission and the politics of the Irish Free State. Archaeology Ireland, 63, 20–3. 707
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EARLY MEDIEVAL ARCHAEOLOGY PROJECT
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Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS
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Table of Contents Flemington, Co. D
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Table of Contents Castlefarm, Co. M
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List of Figures LIST OF FIGURES Fig
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List of Figures Fig. 91: Plan of en
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List of Figures Fig. 179: Plan of t
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List of Figures Fig. 269: Map of Cl
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Introduction 1. Introduction EMAP i
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Introduction commonly known by a pa
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Introduction Acknowledgments We wou
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County Antrim Fig. 1: Significant e
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Antrim Fig. 3: Plan of Antiville, C
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Antrim Armoy (Glebe td.), Co. Antri
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Antrim southward (e.g. 2004-2005 se
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Antrim represent a pendant or perso
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Antrim Fig. 4: Plan of Armoy showin
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Antrim Ballyaghagan, Co. Antrim Ear
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Antrim Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reime
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Antrim Fig. 9: Plan of Phase 2 hous
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Antrim Fig. 10: Plan of Ballymacash
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Antrim Fig. 13: Plan of interior of
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Antrim Fig. 14: Plan of enclosures
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Antrim Radiocarbon Dates (PJ Reimer
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Antrim Fig. 16: Plan of Ballyvollen
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Antrim Ballywee, Co. Antrim Early M
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Page 57 and 58:
Antrim Fig. 18: Site plan of excava
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Antrim ‘Craig Hill’ (Craig td.)
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Antrim Fig. 21: Plan of Craigywarre
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Antrim The mound was subsequently r
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Antrim ‘Doonmore’ (Cross td.),
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Antrim Fig. 25: Plan of House III a
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Antrim Fig. 26: Phase I occupation
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Antrim Dunsilly, Co. Antrim Early M
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Antrim 53
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Antrim References: Harper, A. E. T.
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Antrim ‘Larrybane’ (Knocksoghey
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Antrim Fig. 33: Plan of excavated a
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Antrim Fig. 35: Phase 1 roundhouse
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Antrim Fig. 36: Plan of interior of
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Antrim Fig. 37: Plan of Seacash, Co
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Antrim Shane’s Castle Park, Co. A
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Armagh County Armagh Fig. 39: Signi
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Armagh Fig. 40: Early Medieval exca
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Armagh Fig. 42: Excavations at Abbe
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Armagh Derry More, Co. Armagh Early
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Armagh Fig. 45: ‘Figure-of-eight
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Armagh Terryhoogan, Co. Armagh Earl
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Clare ‘Beal Boru’ (Ballyvally t
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Clare Fig. 48: Plan of excavated ar
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Clare The Harvard excavators identi
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Clare Cahircalla More, Co. Clare Ea
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Clare Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer
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Clare Clonmoney West, Co. Clare Ear
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Clare were associated with glass fr
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Clare The main and only major occup
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Clare Gragan West, Co. Clare Early
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Clare Inishcealtra, Co. Clare Eccle
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Clare Medieval Activity Significant
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Clare Fig. 54: Excavated areas of I
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Clare Fig. 55: Plan showing enclosu
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Clare Fig. 56: Plan of Thady’s Fo
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Cork Ballyarra, Co. Cork Unenclosed
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Cork Ballycatteen Fort, Co. Cork Ea
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Cork Fig. 59: Plan of Ballycatteen,
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Cork Structure III was a small buil
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Cork to the southern flat area of t
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Cork L-shaped enclosure Beta-165323
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Cork Fig. 61: Plan of St. Gobnet’
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Cork Fig. 62: Plan of enclosure and
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Cork layer of charcoal. The layer o
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Cork diagnostic furnace bottoms, or
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Cork Fig. 64: Plan of primary phase
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Cork Fig. 65: Plan of excavations a
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Cork The following is based on gene
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Cork Fig. 67: Plan of Scandinavian
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Cork low-lying marshy location of S
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Cork replaced part of the waterfron
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Cork property boundaries were align
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Cork and smaller plots. Type 4 buil
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Cork The remains of a Type 6 sill-b
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Cork References: Bradley, J., & Hal
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Cork Lennon, A. M. 2003. Grattan St
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Cork the point of a copper-alloy st
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Cork Garryduff I & II, Garryduff, C
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Cork Fig. 73: Plan of excavation at
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Cork charred oat grains and one cha
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Cork Lisduggan North 1, 2 & 3, Co.
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Cork Lisleagh II, Co. Cork Early Me
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Cork ‘Lisnacaheragh Fort’ (Garr
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Cork Fig. 77: Plan of Garranes, Co.
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Cork It appears that the three sout
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Cork Oldcourt, Co. Cork Early Medie
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Cork Park North, Midleton, Co. Cork
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Cork Raheens I, Co. Cork Early Medi
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Cork Raheens II, Co. Cork Early Med
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Cork Skahanagh North, Co. Cork Earl
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Donegal County Donegal Fig. 83: Sig
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Donegal Rinnaraw, Co. Donegal Early
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Donegal Fig. 86: Plan of ‘byre-ho
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Down County Down Fig. 88: Significa
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Down Fig. 89: Excavated areas at Ba
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Down Castleskreen Co. Down Early Me
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Down Fig. 93: Aerial photograph of
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Down Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer,
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Down Fig. 97: Structures in South P
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Down Fig. 98: Plan of Dunnyneill Is
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Down Gransha, Co. Down Early Mediev
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Down Lough Faughan Crannog (Ballyro
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Down Movilla Abbey, Co. Down Early
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Down Two medieval wells were excava
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Down Rathmullan Lower, Co. Down Ear
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Down Fig. 104: Plan of Phase 1 at R
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Down Tullylish, Co. Down Early Medi
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Down ‘White Fort’ (Drumaroad td
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Dublin Ballycullen, Old Court, Co.
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Dublin Ballynakelly, Co. Dublin Ear
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Dublin Areas’ D and E were simila
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Dublin Barnageeragh, Co. Dublin Ear
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Dublin Fig. 110: Settlement Enclosu
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Dublin Cherrywood (Site 18), Co. Du
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Dublin Fig. 113: Plan of Scandinavi
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Dublin Also, 55 E ware sherds, from
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Dublin ‘Dun Emer’, Lusk, Co. Du
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Dublin Fig. 117: Dun Emer Reconstru
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Dublin Flemington, Co. Dublin Early
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Dublin Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reime
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Dublin Fig. 120: Plan of Lusk (Afte
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Dublin Temple Bar West Grid referen
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Dublin Fig. 122: Plan of ninth-cent
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Dublin Fig. 124: Plan of eleventh-c
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Dublin century, was 2.5m wide and 0
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Dublin Fig. 126: Plan of ‘road’
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Dublin Murray’s (1983, 43-57) stu
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Dublin Fig. 131: Plan of Type 5 Hou
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Dublin Two structures (‘E’ and
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Dublin Simpson, L. 1999. Director's
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Dublin Fig. 132: Aerial photograph
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Dublin The final phase was associat
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Dublin Rosepark, Co. Dublin 1. Earl
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Dublin Fig. 135: Phase II at Rosepa
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Dublin ‘St Gobban’, Kilgobbin,
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Dublin St Michael le Pole Ecclesias
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Dublin and significantly, the archa
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Dublin accurate, it further points
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Dublin Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reime
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Fermanagh County Fermanagh Fig. 141
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Fermanagh and measured approximatel
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Fermanagh Fig. 142: Schematic Plan
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Fermanagh Fig. 143: Enclosure at Bo
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Fermanagh Fig. 144: Excavated area
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Fermanagh Fig. 146: Plan of Lisdoo,
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Galway County Galway Fig. 148: Sign
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Galway Fig. 150: Plan of corner of
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Galway Fig. 151: Plan of enclosure
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Galway UB-7433 Adult female 954±31
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Galway Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reime
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Galway Fig. 153: Plan of early medi
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Galway Fig. 154: Cells and church a
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Galway isolated trench immediately
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Galway from the early medieval peri
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Galway Loughbown (1), Co. Galway Ea
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Galway Loughbown (2), Co. Galway Ea
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Galway Mackney, Co. Galway Early Me
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Galway Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reime
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Galway Fig. 159: Excavated area at
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Kerry County Kerry Fig. 160: Signif
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Kerry Radiocarbon dates support thi
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Kerry screen) that demarcated the c
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Kerry Ballyegan, Co. Kerry Early Me
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Kerry Beginish, Co. Kerry Early Med
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Kerry Fig. 163: Plan of House 1 at
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Kerry width) appears to have origin
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Kerry The fifteenth- to seventeenth
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Kerry Caherlehillan, Co. Kerry Earl
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Kerry 1996a, 1999b, 2000). This lat
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Kerry References Doyle, I. 2009. Me
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Kerry Church Island (Ballycarbery W
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Kerry included two hammer-stones, p
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Kerry Fig. 169: Plan of House 2, Ch
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Kerry Fig. 170: Plan of Clogher, Co
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Kerry A number of finds possibly as
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Kerry Fig. 171: Plan of cave at Clo
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Kerry Coarhabeg, Valentia Island Ea
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Kerry Dromthacker, Co. Kerry Early
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Kerry Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer
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Kerry nineteenth century and it is
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Kerry Fig. 177: Plan of rampart and
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Kerry Illaunloughan, Co. Kerry Earl
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Kerry Fig. 179: Plan of the Phase 1
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Kerry ‘Leacanabuaile’ (Kimego W
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Kerry Fig. 181: Plan of Leacanabuil
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Kerry Fig. 182: Aerial photograph o
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Kerry stones in the southeast and s
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Kerry surviving to a height of 0.90
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Kerry Fig. 185: Plan of Structures
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Kildare Killickaweeny, Co. Kildare
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Kildare close to Structure 1. It co
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Kildare ‘Maynooth Castle’ (Mayn
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Kildare Narraghmore, Co. Kildare Ea
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Kildare Pollardstown, Co. Kildare E
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Kilkenny Dunbell Big (5), Co. Kilke
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Kilkenny Dunbell Big (6), Co. Kilke
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Kilkenny Reference: Murthagh, B. 19
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Kilkenny A series of linear feature
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Kilkenny Loughboy, Co. Kilkenny Ear
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Laois County Laois Fig. 195: Signif
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Laois Fig. 196: Features at Parknah
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Limerick County Limerick Fig. 197:
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Limerick Fig. 198: Plan of house fo
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Limerick backfilled deposit. The me
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Limerick ‘Carraig Aille I’ (Lou
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Limerick ‘Carraig Aille II’ (Lo
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Limerick Fig. 202: Plan of Carraig
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Limerick Finds from these houses an
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Limerick Fig. 204: Excavated featur
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Limerick corner of the excavated ar
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Limerick the ‘enclosure’ is the
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Limerick was faced with stone. Ther
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Limerick Grange, Co. Limerick Early
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Limerick Fig. 207: Excavated areas
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Limerick no wattle- or postholes an
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Limerick Newtown, Co. Limerick Earl
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Limerick Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Rei
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Limerick Two burials were uncovered
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Limerick Sluggary, Co. Limerick Ear
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Londonderry County Londonderry Fig.
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Londonderry Fig. 214: Plan of house
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Londonderry Fig. 215: Early medieva
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Londonderry Magheramenagh, Co. Lond
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Londonderry Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ
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Longford Aghadegnan, Co. Longford E
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Longford References: Carroll, J. 19
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Louth Balgatheran 1, Co. Louth Earl
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Louth Balriggan, Co. Louth Early Me
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Louth Balriggan was a large multi-p
Page 485 and 486:
Louth Carn More, Co. Louth Early Me
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Louth Faughart Lower, Co. Louth Ear
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Louth 65-82. Dublin. National Roads
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Louth through the ditch showed that
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Louth ‘Lissachiggel’, Doolargy,
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Louth Fig. 224: Detailed plan of ho
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Louth Archaeological investigations
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Louth central, L-shaped island of n
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Louth Fig. 227: Plan of Marshes Upp
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Louth Millockstown, Co. Louth Early
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Louth Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer
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Louth Fig. 229: Photograph of soute
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Mayo County Mayo Fig. 230: Signific
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Mayo Bofeenaun, Co. Mayo Early Medi
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Mayo Carrowkeel, Co. Mayo Early Med
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Mayo Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer,
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Mayo Fig. 234: Plan of ecclesiastic
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Mayo Letterkeen, Co. Mayo Early Med
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Mayo Fig. 237: Features near entran
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Mayo Fig. 238: Plan of excavated ar
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Mayo Moyne, Co. Mayo Early Medieval
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Meath County Meath Fig. 241: Signif
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Meath Fig. 242: Plan of excavations
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Meath Fig. 243: Plan of Augherskea,
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Meath was the burial of a horse’s
Page 535 and 536:
Meath Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer
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Meath Betaghstown (Bettystown), Co.
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Meath Boolies Little, Co. Meath Ear
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Meath Castlefarm, Co. Meath Early M
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Meath Fig. 246: Enclosures at Castl
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Meath Cloncowan, Co. Meath Early Me
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Meath Collierstown 1, Co. Meath Ear
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Meath The Phase III enclosure consi
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Meath Fig. 249: Excavations at Colp
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Meath Fig. 250: Enclosures at Colp
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Meath Cormeen, Co. Meath Early Medi
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Meath fragment and frequent flint i
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Meath Fig. 252: Phases of enclosure
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Meath Johnstown 1, Co. Meath Early
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Meath Kells, Co. Meath Early Mediev
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Meath Fifty two burials were reveal
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Meath Knowth, Co. Meath 1. Early Me
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Meath Period II occupation probably
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Meath References: Comber, M. 1997.
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Meath Fig. 258: Plan of enclosure a
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Meath Phase W was occupied c. A.D.
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Meath populated with good grazing l
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Meath Nevinstown, Co. Meath Early M
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Meath graves and were oriented slig
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Meath Immediately to the west was a
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Meath Kelly, E. P. 1976:020. Randal
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Meath miscellaneous scraps of metal
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Meath Beta-196366 Bone from linear
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Meath Raystown, Co. Meath Early Med
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Meath Raystown included evidence of
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Meath Roestown 2, Co. Meath Early M
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Meath Fig. 263: Phases from Roestow
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Meath St. Anne’s Chapel (Randalst
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Meath Simonstown, Co. Meath Early M
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Monaghan County Monaghan Fig. 264:
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Monaghan north-east of the inner en
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Offaly ‘Ballinderry II’ (Ballyn
Page 619 and 620:
Offaly The early medieval crannog a
Page 621 and 622:
Offaly Ballintemple, Co. Offaly Ear
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Offaly Clonmacnoise, Co. Offaly Ear
Page 625 and 626:
Offaly A later roundhouse (7m diame
Page 627 and 628:
Offaly Fig. 269: Map of Clonmacnois
Page 629 and 630:
Offaly Manning, C. 1995. Clonmacnoi
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Roscommon Cloongownagh, Co. Roscomm
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Roscommon Lennon, A-M. & Henry, M.
Page 635 and 636:
Roscommon Grid Ref: M78818268 (1788
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Roscommon Fig. 272: Summary of 2004
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Sligo ‘Grange West’ (inc. Bally
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Sligo Sample No. Context 14 C Date
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Sligo Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer
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Sligo Fig. 277: Plan of Promontory
Page 647 and 648:
Sligo Magheraboy, Co. Sligo Early M
Page 649 and 650:
Sligo Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer
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Sligo Period III, a large mound of
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Sligo (No plans were available for
Page 655 and 656:
Sligo Phase 4 was an open stony pla
Page 657 and 658:
Tipperary Bowling Green, Co. Tipper
Page 659 and 660:
Tipperary Cormac’s Chapel, St. Pa
Page 661 and 662:
Tipperary ‘Killederdadrum’ (Lac
Page 663 and 664:
Tipperary cemetery appears to have
Page 665 and 666:
Tipperary Fig. 284: Features excava
Page 667 and 668:
Tipperary Fig. 285: Plan of hut at
Page 669 and 670:
Tyrone Altanagh, Co. Tyrone Early M
Page 671 and 672:
Tyrone Clogher (Clogher Demesne td.
Page 673 and 674:
Tyrone UB-844 Charcoal with iron sm
Page 675 and 676:
Tyrone Fig. 290: Excavated area at
Page 677 and 678: Tyrone Killyliss, Co. Tyrone Early
Page 679 and 680: Tyrone Fig. 294: Section through di
Page 681 and 682: Tyrone Fig. 295: Excavated features
Page 683 and 684: Waterford Ballykilmurry, Co. Waterf
Page 685 and 686: Waterford The cave was inhabited so
Page 687 and 688: Waterford Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Re
Page 691 and 692: Waterford The final phase of activi
Page 693 and 694: Waterford Hiberno-Scandinavian Wate
Page 695 and 696: Waterford There are a growing numbe
Page 697 and 698: Waterford reinforced by the additio
Page 699 and 700: Waterford 1989; Scully 1990). If th
Page 701 and 702: Waterford Layers of dumped organic
Page 703 and 704: Waterford At least fourteen plots w
Page 705 and 706: Waterford Street and High Street is
Page 707 and 708: Waterford excavated evidence was co
Page 709 and 710: Waterford Structures were uncovered
Page 711 and 712: Waterford An excavation at the corn
Page 713 and 714: Waterford considerable assemblage o
Page 715 and 716: Waterford al.]; editors: Terry Barr
Page 717 and 718: Waterford Scully, O. 1992:175. Pete
Page 719 and 720: Waterford Woodstown 6, Co. Waterfor
Page 721 and 722: Waterford Stratified rotary sharpen
Page 725 and 726: Westmeath County Westmeath Fig. 312
Page 727: Westmeath leather, lignite, bone an
Page 731 and 732: Westmeath Fig. 313: Aerial photogra
Page 733 and 734: Westmeath structure. Further eviden
Page 735 and 736: Westmeath Towards the end of the si
Page 737 and 738: Westmeath Fig. 314: Plan of enclosu
Page 739 and 740: Westmeath ‘Uisneach’ (Rathnew t
Page 741 and 742: Wexford County Wexford Fig. 317: Si
Page 743 and 744: Wicklow County Wicklow Fig. 319: Si
Page 745 and 746: Wicklow Fig. 320: Plan of sub-recta
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