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Tipperary stones, apparently the bottom course of a rough wall, survived on its west side and one shallow posthole was found against its east side near the northern end. This feature is later than House 1 and may represent the remains of a robbed out souterrain. A pit-like feature, identified as a possible corn-drying kiln, cut into the inner slope of the southern enclosure ditch (Cutting 1) and contained a black layer of carbonized grain similar to that recovered inside the fill of the enclosing ditch. A double row of stones running west along the ditch may represent the demolished remains of the kiln’s flue. A calibrated 2Σ radiocarbon date from the grain dated the kiln to A.D. 937-1172 (see below). A number of other early pits and a hearth were uncovered within the various cuttings (2, 4 and 6) within the enclosure interior. One shallow irregular depression in cutting 4 contained a quantity of charcoal and iron slag and indicates ironworking on site. An undated standing stone situated in the centre of the site (Cutting 2) was held in place by packing stones inside a large shallow oblong pit (0.75m maximum depth). Two parallel low banks (20m apart) with external ditches ran westwards from the oval enclosure and may have formed part of some type of enclosure annex. The ditches were comparable both in size and fill to the main enclosure ditch and maybe roughly contemporary. Finds from the ditch included a small E ware pottery vessel recovered in a redeposited context in an upper fill and a small fragment of iron. The southern bank of the annex cut across a long straight re-cut narrow trench (0.8-1m wide and 0.6m deep) which continued in both directions for 20m beyond the excavation area. A small piece of iron slag was the only find recovered from this feature. Four cultivation furrows inside the annex appear to be later than the annex banks. The post-medieval cemetery consisted of roughly 80 excavated burials; all from within the eastern two thirds of the enclosure interior and none related to the standing stone. Burials rarely disturbed each other suggesting that they were marked by upright stones or slabs. The burials cut across earlier pits, postholes and other features and shroud pins and a clay pipe from a number of graves confirm a post-medieval date. Evidence for spinning and weaving on the site was suggested by the perforated stone disc (thread separator) inside House 1 as well as two spindle-whorls from the site. Iron smelting is also indicated by the recovery of slag though no furnace was uncovered. The small fragmentary faunal assemblage comprised cattle, pig, sheep or goat, wild game and a red deer antler fragment. Wheat and oats were grown and were ground with querns recovered from the site. The two main chronological divisions consisted of an early medieval occupational phase and a mainly post-medieval burial phase. The piece of E ware indicates that the site was occupied from at least the sixth/mid seventh century A.D. Continued early medieval occupation is indicated by the circular houses, the later possible souterrain and the tenth-twelfth century kiln. The enclosure is about twice the size as the typical ‘ringfort’ and is more comparable to the dimensions of ecclesiastical enclosures. The lack of any church, definite early burials or crossslabs might suggest that it was not ecclesiastical though the limited nature of excavation cannot preclude their existence. The parish of ‘Kildadrum’ (1302-06) and Kyllydiradruim (1450) was recorded in two medieval sources though its absence from the Civil Survey (1659) might imply that ‘this was a parish in name only with no actual church structure’. The re-use of long abandoned sites for worship and burial by the Catholic community after the Reformation is not uncommon and could explain the post-medieval cemetery. Though marked as a graveyard called ‘Killederdadrum’ in the first edition (1841) O.S. map, the 640
Tipperary cemetery appears to have gone out of use about the same time following the relaxation of the penal codes. Fig. 283: Plan of excavated areas at Killederdadrum, Co. Tipperary (after Manning 1984, 241). Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer, MGL Baillie, E Bard, A Bayliss, JW Beck, C Bertrand, PG Blackwell, CE Buck, G Burr, KB Cutler, PE Damon, RL Edwards, RG Fairbanks, M Friedrich, TP Guilderson, KA Hughen, B Kromer, FG McCormac, S Manning, C Bronk Ramsey, RW Reimer, S Remmele, JR Southon, M Stuiver, S Talamo, FW Taylor, J van der Plicht, and CE Weyhenmeyer (2004), Radiocarbon 46:1029-1058). Sample No. GU-1511 GU-1512 GU-1513 Reference: Context Carbonised grain from fill of corndrying kiln in Cutting 1. Charcoal from a pit cutting into a central hearth inside House 1 Charcoal from wall trench of House 2 14 C Date Cal. 2 Σ 1000±60 BP A.D. 895-925 A.D. 937-1172 85±55 BP A.D. 1677-1767 A.D. 1771-1777 A.D. 1799-1940 A.D. 1951-1955 745±65 BP A.D. 1157-1325 A.D. 1344-1394 Manning, C. 1984. The excavation of the Early Christian enclosure of Killederdadrum in Lackenavorna,. Co. Tipperary. Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy Section C, 84C, 237– 68. 641
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EARLY MEDIEVAL ARCHAEOLOGY PROJECT
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Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS
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Table of Contents Flemington, Co. D
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Table of Contents Castlefarm, Co. M
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List of Figures LIST OF FIGURES Fig
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List of Figures Fig. 91: Plan of en
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List of Figures Fig. 179: Plan of t
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List of Figures Fig. 269: Map of Cl
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Introduction 1. Introduction EMAP i
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Introduction commonly known by a pa
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Introduction Acknowledgments We wou
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County Antrim Fig. 1: Significant e
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Antrim Fig. 3: Plan of Antiville, C
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Antrim Armoy (Glebe td.), Co. Antri
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Antrim southward (e.g. 2004-2005 se
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Antrim represent a pendant or perso
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Antrim Fig. 4: Plan of Armoy showin
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Antrim Ballyaghagan, Co. Antrim Ear
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Antrim Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reime
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Antrim Fig. 9: Plan of Phase 2 hous
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Antrim Fig. 10: Plan of Ballymacash
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Page 45 and 46:
Antrim Fig. 13: Plan of interior of
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Antrim Fig. 14: Plan of enclosures
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Antrim Radiocarbon Dates (PJ Reimer
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Antrim Fig. 16: Plan of Ballyvollen
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Antrim Ballywee, Co. Antrim Early M
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Page 57 and 58:
Antrim Fig. 18: Site plan of excava
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Antrim ‘Craig Hill’ (Craig td.)
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Antrim Fig. 21: Plan of Craigywarre
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Antrim The mound was subsequently r
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Page 67 and 68:
Antrim ‘Doonmore’ (Cross td.),
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Antrim Fig. 25: Plan of House III a
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Antrim Fig. 26: Phase I occupation
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Antrim Dunsilly, Co. Antrim Early M
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Antrim 53
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Antrim References: Harper, A. E. T.
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Antrim ‘Larrybane’ (Knocksoghey
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Antrim Fig. 33: Plan of excavated a
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Antrim Fig. 35: Phase 1 roundhouse
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Antrim Fig. 36: Plan of interior of
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Antrim Fig. 37: Plan of Seacash, Co
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Antrim Shane’s Castle Park, Co. A
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Armagh County Armagh Fig. 39: Signi
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Armagh Fig. 40: Early Medieval exca
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Armagh Fig. 42: Excavations at Abbe
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Armagh Derry More, Co. Armagh Early
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Armagh Fig. 45: ‘Figure-of-eight
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Armagh Terryhoogan, Co. Armagh Earl
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Clare ‘Beal Boru’ (Ballyvally t
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Clare Fig. 48: Plan of excavated ar
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Clare The Harvard excavators identi
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Clare Cahircalla More, Co. Clare Ea
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Clare Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer
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Clare Clonmoney West, Co. Clare Ear
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Clare were associated with glass fr
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Clare The main and only major occup
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Clare Gragan West, Co. Clare Early
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Clare Inishcealtra, Co. Clare Eccle
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Clare Medieval Activity Significant
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Clare Fig. 54: Excavated areas of I
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Clare Fig. 55: Plan showing enclosu
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Clare Fig. 56: Plan of Thady’s Fo
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Cork Ballyarra, Co. Cork Unenclosed
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Cork Ballycatteen Fort, Co. Cork Ea
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Cork Fig. 59: Plan of Ballycatteen,
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Cork Structure III was a small buil
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Cork to the southern flat area of t
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Cork L-shaped enclosure Beta-165323
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Cork Fig. 61: Plan of St. Gobnet’
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Cork Fig. 62: Plan of enclosure and
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Cork layer of charcoal. The layer o
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Cork diagnostic furnace bottoms, or
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Cork Fig. 64: Plan of primary phase
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Cork Fig. 65: Plan of excavations a
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Cork The following is based on gene
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Cork Fig. 67: Plan of Scandinavian
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Cork low-lying marshy location of S
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Cork replaced part of the waterfron
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Cork property boundaries were align
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Cork and smaller plots. Type 4 buil
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Cork The remains of a Type 6 sill-b
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Cork References: Bradley, J., & Hal
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Cork Lennon, A. M. 2003. Grattan St
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Cork the point of a copper-alloy st
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Cork Garryduff I & II, Garryduff, C
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Cork Fig. 73: Plan of excavation at
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Cork charred oat grains and one cha
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Cork Lisduggan North 1, 2 & 3, Co.
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Cork Lisleagh II, Co. Cork Early Me
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Cork ‘Lisnacaheragh Fort’ (Garr
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Cork Fig. 77: Plan of Garranes, Co.
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Cork It appears that the three sout
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Cork Oldcourt, Co. Cork Early Medie
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Cork Park North, Midleton, Co. Cork
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Cork Raheens I, Co. Cork Early Medi
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Cork Raheens II, Co. Cork Early Med
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Cork Skahanagh North, Co. Cork Earl
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Donegal County Donegal Fig. 83: Sig
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Donegal Rinnaraw, Co. Donegal Early
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Donegal Fig. 86: Plan of ‘byre-ho
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Down County Down Fig. 88: Significa
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Down Fig. 89: Excavated areas at Ba
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Down Castleskreen Co. Down Early Me
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Down Fig. 93: Aerial photograph of
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Down Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer,
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Down Fig. 97: Structures in South P
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Down Fig. 98: Plan of Dunnyneill Is
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Down Gransha, Co. Down Early Mediev
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Down Lough Faughan Crannog (Ballyro
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Down Movilla Abbey, Co. Down Early
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Down Two medieval wells were excava
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Down Rathmullan Lower, Co. Down Ear
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Down Fig. 104: Plan of Phase 1 at R
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Down Tullylish, Co. Down Early Medi
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Down ‘White Fort’ (Drumaroad td
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Dublin Ballycullen, Old Court, Co.
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Dublin Ballynakelly, Co. Dublin Ear
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Dublin Areas’ D and E were simila
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Dublin Barnageeragh, Co. Dublin Ear
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Dublin Fig. 110: Settlement Enclosu
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Dublin Cherrywood (Site 18), Co. Du
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Dublin Fig. 113: Plan of Scandinavi
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Dublin Also, 55 E ware sherds, from
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Dublin ‘Dun Emer’, Lusk, Co. Du
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Dublin Fig. 117: Dun Emer Reconstru
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Dublin Flemington, Co. Dublin Early
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Dublin Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reime
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Dublin Fig. 120: Plan of Lusk (Afte
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Dublin Temple Bar West Grid referen
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Dublin Fig. 122: Plan of ninth-cent
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Dublin Fig. 124: Plan of eleventh-c
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Dublin century, was 2.5m wide and 0
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Dublin Fig. 126: Plan of ‘road’
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Dublin Murray’s (1983, 43-57) stu
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Dublin Fig. 131: Plan of Type 5 Hou
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Dublin Two structures (‘E’ and
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Dublin Simpson, L. 1999. Director's
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Dublin Fig. 132: Aerial photograph
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Dublin The final phase was associat
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Dublin Rosepark, Co. Dublin 1. Earl
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Dublin Fig. 135: Phase II at Rosepa
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Dublin ‘St Gobban’, Kilgobbin,
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Dublin St Michael le Pole Ecclesias
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Dublin and significantly, the archa
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Dublin accurate, it further points
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Dublin Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reime
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Fermanagh County Fermanagh Fig. 141
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Fermanagh and measured approximatel
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Fermanagh Fig. 142: Schematic Plan
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Fermanagh Fig. 143: Enclosure at Bo
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Fermanagh Fig. 144: Excavated area
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Fermanagh Fig. 146: Plan of Lisdoo,
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Galway County Galway Fig. 148: Sign
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Galway Fig. 150: Plan of corner of
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Galway Fig. 151: Plan of enclosure
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Galway UB-7433 Adult female 954±31
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Galway Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reime
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Galway Fig. 153: Plan of early medi
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Galway Fig. 154: Cells and church a
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Galway isolated trench immediately
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Galway from the early medieval peri
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Galway Loughbown (1), Co. Galway Ea
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Galway Loughbown (2), Co. Galway Ea
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Galway Mackney, Co. Galway Early Me
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Galway Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reime
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Galway Fig. 159: Excavated area at
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Kerry County Kerry Fig. 160: Signif
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Kerry Radiocarbon dates support thi
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Kerry screen) that demarcated the c
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Kerry Ballyegan, Co. Kerry Early Me
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Kerry Beginish, Co. Kerry Early Med
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Kerry Fig. 163: Plan of House 1 at
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Kerry width) appears to have origin
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Kerry The fifteenth- to seventeenth
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Kerry Caherlehillan, Co. Kerry Earl
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Kerry 1996a, 1999b, 2000). This lat
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Kerry References Doyle, I. 2009. Me
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Kerry Church Island (Ballycarbery W
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Kerry included two hammer-stones, p
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Kerry Fig. 169: Plan of House 2, Ch
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Kerry Fig. 170: Plan of Clogher, Co
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Kerry A number of finds possibly as
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Kerry Fig. 171: Plan of cave at Clo
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Kerry Coarhabeg, Valentia Island Ea
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Kerry Dromthacker, Co. Kerry Early
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Kerry Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer
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Kerry nineteenth century and it is
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Kerry Fig. 177: Plan of rampart and
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Kerry Illaunloughan, Co. Kerry Earl
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Kerry Fig. 179: Plan of the Phase 1
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Kerry ‘Leacanabuaile’ (Kimego W
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Kerry Fig. 181: Plan of Leacanabuil
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Kerry Fig. 182: Aerial photograph o
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Kerry stones in the southeast and s
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Kerry surviving to a height of 0.90
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Kerry Fig. 185: Plan of Structures
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Kildare Killickaweeny, Co. Kildare
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Kildare close to Structure 1. It co
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Kildare ‘Maynooth Castle’ (Mayn
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Kildare Narraghmore, Co. Kildare Ea
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Kildare Pollardstown, Co. Kildare E
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Kilkenny Dunbell Big (5), Co. Kilke
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Kilkenny Dunbell Big (6), Co. Kilke
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Kilkenny Reference: Murthagh, B. 19
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Kilkenny A series of linear feature
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Kilkenny Loughboy, Co. Kilkenny Ear
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Laois County Laois Fig. 195: Signif
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Laois Fig. 196: Features at Parknah
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Limerick County Limerick Fig. 197:
Page 431 and 432:
Limerick Fig. 198: Plan of house fo
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Limerick backfilled deposit. The me
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Limerick ‘Carraig Aille I’ (Lou
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Limerick ‘Carraig Aille II’ (Lo
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Limerick Fig. 202: Plan of Carraig
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Limerick Finds from these houses an
Page 443 and 444:
Limerick Fig. 204: Excavated featur
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Limerick corner of the excavated ar
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Limerick the ‘enclosure’ is the
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Limerick was faced with stone. Ther
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Limerick Grange, Co. Limerick Early
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Limerick Fig. 207: Excavated areas
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Limerick no wattle- or postholes an
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Limerick Newtown, Co. Limerick Earl
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Limerick Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Rei
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Limerick Two burials were uncovered
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Limerick Sluggary, Co. Limerick Ear
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Londonderry County Londonderry Fig.
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Londonderry Fig. 214: Plan of house
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Londonderry Fig. 215: Early medieva
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Londonderry Magheramenagh, Co. Lond
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Londonderry Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ
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Longford Aghadegnan, Co. Longford E
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Longford References: Carroll, J. 19
Page 479 and 480:
Louth Balgatheran 1, Co. Louth Earl
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Louth Balriggan, Co. Louth Early Me
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Louth Balriggan was a large multi-p
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Louth Carn More, Co. Louth Early Me
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Louth Faughart Lower, Co. Louth Ear
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Louth 65-82. Dublin. National Roads
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Louth through the ditch showed that
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Louth ‘Lissachiggel’, Doolargy,
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Louth Fig. 224: Detailed plan of ho
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Louth Archaeological investigations
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Louth central, L-shaped island of n
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Louth Fig. 227: Plan of Marshes Upp
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Louth Millockstown, Co. Louth Early
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Louth Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer
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Louth Fig. 229: Photograph of soute
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Mayo County Mayo Fig. 230: Signific
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Mayo Bofeenaun, Co. Mayo Early Medi
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Mayo Carrowkeel, Co. Mayo Early Med
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Mayo Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer,
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Mayo Fig. 234: Plan of ecclesiastic
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Mayo Letterkeen, Co. Mayo Early Med
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Mayo Fig. 237: Features near entran
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Mayo Fig. 238: Plan of excavated ar
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Mayo Moyne, Co. Mayo Early Medieval
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Meath County Meath Fig. 241: Signif
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Meath Fig. 242: Plan of excavations
Page 531 and 532:
Meath Fig. 243: Plan of Augherskea,
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Meath was the burial of a horse’s
Page 535 and 536:
Meath Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer
Page 537 and 538:
Meath Betaghstown (Bettystown), Co.
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Meath Boolies Little, Co. Meath Ear
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Meath Castlefarm, Co. Meath Early M
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Meath Fig. 246: Enclosures at Castl
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Meath Cloncowan, Co. Meath Early Me
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Meath Collierstown 1, Co. Meath Ear
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Meath The Phase III enclosure consi
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Page 553 and 554:
Meath Fig. 249: Excavations at Colp
Page 555 and 556:
Meath Fig. 250: Enclosures at Colp
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Meath Cormeen, Co. Meath Early Medi
Page 559 and 560:
Meath fragment and frequent flint i
Page 561 and 562:
Meath Fig. 252: Phases of enclosure
Page 563 and 564:
Page 565 and 566:
Meath Johnstown 1, Co. Meath Early
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Page 569 and 570:
Meath Kells, Co. Meath Early Mediev
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Meath Fifty two burials were reveal
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Meath Knowth, Co. Meath 1. Early Me
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Page 577 and 578:
Meath Period II occupation probably
Page 579 and 580:
Meath References: Comber, M. 1997.
Page 581 and 582:
Meath Fig. 258: Plan of enclosure a
Page 583 and 584:
Meath Phase W was occupied c. A.D.
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Meath populated with good grazing l
Page 587 and 588:
Meath Nevinstown, Co. Meath Early M
Page 589 and 590:
Meath graves and were oriented slig
Page 591 and 592:
Meath Immediately to the west was a
Page 593 and 594:
Meath Kelly, E. P. 1976:020. Randal
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Meath miscellaneous scraps of metal
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Meath Beta-196366 Bone from linear
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Meath Raystown, Co. Meath Early Med
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Meath Raystown included evidence of
Page 603 and 604:
Page 605 and 606:
Meath Roestown 2, Co. Meath Early M
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Meath Fig. 263: Phases from Roestow
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Meath St. Anne’s Chapel (Randalst
Page 611 and 612: Meath Simonstown, Co. Meath Early M
Page 613 and 614: Monaghan County Monaghan Fig. 264:
Page 615 and 616: Monaghan north-east of the inner en
Page 617 and 618: Offaly ‘Ballinderry II’ (Ballyn
Page 619 and 620: Offaly The early medieval crannog a
Page 621 and 622: Offaly Ballintemple, Co. Offaly Ear
Page 623 and 624: Offaly Clonmacnoise, Co. Offaly Ear
Page 625 and 626: Offaly A later roundhouse (7m diame
Page 627 and 628: Offaly Fig. 269: Map of Clonmacnois
Page 629 and 630: Offaly Manning, C. 1995. Clonmacnoi
Page 631 and 632: Roscommon Cloongownagh, Co. Roscomm
Page 633 and 634: Roscommon Lennon, A-M. & Henry, M.
Page 635 and 636: Roscommon Grid Ref: M78818268 (1788
Page 637 and 638: Roscommon Fig. 272: Summary of 2004
Page 639 and 640: Sligo ‘Grange West’ (inc. Bally
Page 641 and 642: Sligo Sample No. Context 14 C Date
Page 643 and 644: Sligo Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer
Page 645 and 646: Sligo Fig. 277: Plan of Promontory
Page 647 and 648: Sligo Magheraboy, Co. Sligo Early M
Page 649 and 650: Sligo Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer
Page 651 and 652: Sligo Period III, a large mound of
Page 653 and 654: Sligo (No plans were available for
Page 655 and 656: Sligo Phase 4 was an open stony pla
Page 657 and 658: Tipperary Bowling Green, Co. Tipper
Page 659 and 660: Tipperary Cormac’s Chapel, St. Pa
Page 661: Tipperary ‘Killederdadrum’ (Lac
Page 665 and 666: Tipperary Fig. 284: Features excava
Page 667 and 668: Tipperary Fig. 285: Plan of hut at
Page 669 and 670: Tyrone Altanagh, Co. Tyrone Early M
Page 671 and 672: Tyrone Clogher (Clogher Demesne td.
Page 673 and 674: Tyrone UB-844 Charcoal with iron sm
Page 675 and 676: Tyrone Fig. 290: Excavated area at
Page 677 and 678: Tyrone Killyliss, Co. Tyrone Early
Page 679 and 680: Tyrone Fig. 294: Section through di
Page 681 and 682: Tyrone Fig. 295: Excavated features
Page 683 and 684: Waterford Ballykilmurry, Co. Waterf
Page 685 and 686: Waterford The cave was inhabited so
Page 687 and 688: Waterford Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Re
Page 689 and 690: Waterford Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Re
Page 691 and 692: Waterford The final phase of activi
Page 693 and 694: Waterford Hiberno-Scandinavian Wate
Page 695 and 696: Waterford There are a growing numbe
Page 697 and 698: Waterford reinforced by the additio
Page 699 and 700: Waterford 1989; Scully 1990). If th
Page 701 and 702: Waterford Layers of dumped organic
Page 703 and 704: Waterford At least fourteen plots w
Page 705 and 706: Waterford Street and High Street is
Page 707 and 708: Waterford excavated evidence was co
Page 709 and 710: Waterford Structures were uncovered
Page 711 and 712: Waterford An excavation at the corn
Page 713 and 714:
Waterford considerable assemblage o
Page 715 and 716:
Waterford al.]; editors: Terry Barr
Page 717 and 718:
Waterford Scully, O. 1992:175. Pete
Page 719 and 720:
Waterford Woodstown 6, Co. Waterfor
Page 721 and 722:
Waterford Stratified rotary sharpen
Page 723 and 724:
Waterford Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Re
Page 725 and 726:
Westmeath County Westmeath Fig. 312
Page 727 and 728:
Westmeath leather, lignite, bone an
Page 729 and 730:
Westmeath were tilting dramatically
Page 731 and 732:
Westmeath Fig. 313: Aerial photogra
Page 733 and 734:
Westmeath structure. Further eviden
Page 735 and 736:
Westmeath Towards the end of the si
Page 737 and 738:
Westmeath Fig. 314: Plan of enclosu
Page 739 and 740:
Westmeath ‘Uisneach’ (Rathnew t
Page 741 and 742:
Wexford County Wexford Fig. 317: Si
Page 743 and 744:
Wicklow County Wicklow Fig. 319: Si
Page 745 and 746:
Wicklow Fig. 320: Plan of sub-recta
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