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Offaly settlement. Excavations uncovered an early occupation deposit containing hearths, stakeholes, iron objects, slag, worked antler and animal bone in this area pre-dating seventh century burials (King 2009, 345). By the late seventh and early eighth century, this area had been designated a burial ground and continued in this role until it was closed in the 1950s (King 2009, 345). Backfilled pits were uncovered beneath the ‘South Cross’ and ‘Cross of the Scriptures’ and may have supported wooden crosses before their stone equivalents were erected in their place in the ninth/tenth century. Finds consisted primarily of a large number of early Christian, medieval and post-medieval grave-slabs, burials and a bronze ringed pin (King 1994:196). The excavations to the west (The Visitor Centre in the ‘Steeple Gardens’), northwest (sloping ground from the visitor centre to the River Shannon) and particularly to the northeast (‘New Graveyard’) of the ecclesiastical core demonstrate that there was a major expansion of settlement in the seventh and eighth centuries with a further reorganisation and new features suggestive of ‘urbanisation’ appearing in the 9 th century (King 2009, 336). Three main phases of occupation were identified in these three areas but were especially evident to the northeast of the ecclesiastical core. The designation of the area of the ecclesiastical core as a burial-ground in the later seventh century and eighth century appears to have coincided with a major expansion to the east at the New Graveyard in the form of stakeholes, spreads of burnt soil and other features. Above these was the main ninth and tenth century occupation phase which was characterized by a number of houses and other structures. The uppermost late eleventh and twelfth century layer was disturbed by post-medieval agriculture and consisted of flagged and cobbled area, pits, well-shafts and post-holes (King 2009, 335-36). The rescue excavations in the garden of the round tower (Steeple Gardens) were undertaken in 1989 and 1990 in advance of the construction of a visitor centre (Manning 1989:078, 1990:096). The earliest phase was represented by stakeholes, furnace waste and industrial fragments. A habitation surface, with stakeholes and an occupation surface, was situated above this layer. A path was also discovered composed of gravel. Another habitation layer with stakeholes was confined to the eastern half of the area. Preliminary analysis suggests that these stakeholes may represent the remains of circular huts. Part of a two-sided comb and a bone trial piece with interlace and fretwork patterns were found in a dark humic layer; and a large quantity of animal bone was also recovered. The ‘New Graveyard’ at Clonmacnoise had been opened in the mid-twentieth century, without prior archaeological investigation. An ogham stone was discovered during grave-digging in 1990, which persuaded the Office of Public Works to authorise a limited excavation. Excavation carried on in this area for the next eight years by Heather King and revealed much about the domestic and industrial aspects to the monastery (See King 2009). The excavations demonstrated that house types between the eighth to twelfth centuries evolved from postand-wattle to larger circular houses built on stone-revetted platforms above the River Shannon floodplain which were in turn replaced by rectangular equivalents. There was evidence for the construction, maintenance and remetalling of streets and pathways throughout this period and continuity of house plots were also demonstrated where a rectangular house was built above the foundations of a circular structure (King 2009, 345). The earliest evidence of occupation at the ‘New Graveyard’ was a series of postholes in the natural sandy soil of the esker ridge, interpreted as the remains of a wicker-walled house. Above this, approximately one-third of a round house was discovered in the form of a wall, a hearth and a clay floor. Most of the structures on the site appear to be contemporary with, and adjacent to, a metalled roadway which ran from the Eiscir Riada (the gravel ridge located behind the monastery), to the monastic enclosure. Radiocarbon dates from the post-road phase gave a twelfth/thirteenth century date (see below), with other radiocarbon dates confirming that the settlement developed in the seventh century and carried on for subsequent centuries (see below). A round house (6m in diameter) was discovered beneath a rectangular building. This structure (10.5m x 3.5m) had two identifiable phases of occupation, and had a probable internal division, creating a two-celled building. 602
Offaly A later roundhouse (7m diameter) appears to have been contemporary with a rectangular or ‘D’-shaped platform (6m x 3m (destroyed)), and both are associated with the road-way. Both of these buildings had contemporary enclosed yards with evidence for a wooden gate and a hearth. A possible structure for storing grain was also uncovered in the metalled yard of a round house and consisted of four large oak posts which may have supported an overhanging platform on which the grain was stored (King 2009, 336-37). Excavations in 1991 and 1992 uncovered a rectangular ‘sod house’ and an external occupation area containing a central stone-lined hearth (a possible second structure), as well as many pits, postholes, drains and trenches. A cobbled surface in the northwest corner of the ‘New Graveyard’ was interpreted as a quay or slipway for the River Shannon and a number of oak posts found along the edge of the cobbled surface may have provided moorings for small fishing boats (King 2009, 338). Two contemporary corn-drying kilns were also excavated in the ‘New Graveyard’ with the hearths and flues of both later removed by the insertion of a wooden-framed storage pit. An abandoned well filled with antler waste, including shavings, partly sawn fragments and cut antler points dating from the later phases of the ‘New Graveyard’ was also uncovered and might indicate the approximate location of a craft worker operating nearby (King 2009, 339). Further evidence elsewhere for the expansion and reorganisation of settlement at Clonmacnoise in the eighth and ninth century are demonstrated by the construction of a massive enclosing ditch and a timber bridge across the River Shannon. Excavations near St. Ciaran’s National School and the medieval castle to the southwest of the monastic site in 1999 and 2000 revealed (Murphy 1999:745; 2000:0810, 2003) a large roughly V-shaped infilled ditch with a flat bottom and a possible bank along its north side. The ditch measured 6.2m wide at the top, 1m wide at the bottom and 3.7m deep at the west end, and 5m wide at the top, 1.7m wide at the bottom and 3.8m deep at the east end. The ditch appeared to have been deliberately infilled in one episode rather than silting up over a long period of time. Animal bone recovered from the main fill provided a date of 1228±43 years BP indicating that it was infilled in the eighth or ninth century. Two late twelfth/thirteenth century burials were uncovered to the south of the infilled ditch while other related features included pits, iron slag, a possible bowl-shaped furnace and post-medieval cultivation furrows. The infilling of the large enclosing ditch may have roughly coincided with the construction of a massive oak bridge crossing the River Shannon (Murphy 2003). It was identified in an underwater survey to the northwest of the site and may represent the bridge mentioned in the Annals of Clonmacnoise in A.D. 1158. Seven pairs of posts were found along the northern bank, and longitudinal timbers, possibly representing the side supports of the bridge, were also discovered. These timbers were dendrochronologically dated to A.D. 804. Further excavation of the bridge in 1997 revealed that the bridge originally measured 120m long and 5m wide, and was likely to be about 10-13m in height. The bridge was built of 25 pairs of vertical oak posts. It appears to have been a single-phase structure (no evidence for repairs was discovered) and would not have lasted much longer than 40-50 years. The discovery of Hiberno-Scandinavian coins in a field to the south of St. Ciaran’s National School instigated further excavations in 1979 (Ó Floinn 1977-79:0063; Ó Floinn and King 1998). The site was to the southwest of the monastery and outside the line of the monastic enclosure excavated by Donald Murphy. The hoard consisted of three pennies (including one silver penny) of Hiberno-Scandinavian date, a bronze ingot and a fragment of a gold earring deposited c. AD. 1065-1095. A stone-lined drain and a hearth were also excavated, and these revealed a jet bracelet fragment and a bone pin, as well as several industrial remains (crucible fragments, a fragment of tuyère, fragments of a clay mould, industrial slag (4kg), and a furnace bottom). Further excavations at St. Ciaran’s National School in 1992 produced evidence for a quantity of animal bone and slag in almost every cutting together with a cut antler tip and a bronze scrap (King 1992:158). In general, these excavations uncovered limited evidence for occupation in comparison to the extensive stratified archaeological deposits to the immediate west and east of the monastic site (King 2009, 335). 603
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EARLY MEDIEVAL ARCHAEOLOGY PROJECT
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Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS
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Table of Contents Flemington, Co. D
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Table of Contents Castlefarm, Co. M
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List of Figures LIST OF FIGURES Fig
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List of Figures Fig. 91: Plan of en
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List of Figures Fig. 179: Plan of t
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List of Figures Fig. 269: Map of Cl
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Introduction 1. Introduction EMAP i
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Introduction commonly known by a pa
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Introduction Acknowledgments We wou
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County Antrim Fig. 1: Significant e
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Antrim Fig. 3: Plan of Antiville, C
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Antrim Armoy (Glebe td.), Co. Antri
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Antrim southward (e.g. 2004-2005 se
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Antrim represent a pendant or perso
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Antrim Fig. 4: Plan of Armoy showin
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Antrim Ballyaghagan, Co. Antrim Ear
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Antrim Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reime
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Antrim Fig. 9: Plan of Phase 2 hous
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Antrim Fig. 10: Plan of Ballymacash
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Page 45 and 46:
Antrim Fig. 13: Plan of interior of
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Antrim Fig. 14: Plan of enclosures
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Antrim Radiocarbon Dates (PJ Reimer
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Antrim Fig. 16: Plan of Ballyvollen
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Antrim Ballywee, Co. Antrim Early M
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Page 57 and 58:
Antrim Fig. 18: Site plan of excava
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Antrim ‘Craig Hill’ (Craig td.)
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Antrim Fig. 21: Plan of Craigywarre
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Antrim The mound was subsequently r
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Page 67 and 68:
Antrim ‘Doonmore’ (Cross td.),
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Antrim Fig. 25: Plan of House III a
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Antrim Fig. 26: Phase I occupation
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Antrim Dunsilly, Co. Antrim Early M
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Antrim 53
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Antrim References: Harper, A. E. T.
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Antrim ‘Larrybane’ (Knocksoghey
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Antrim Fig. 33: Plan of excavated a
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Antrim Fig. 35: Phase 1 roundhouse
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Antrim Fig. 36: Plan of interior of
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Antrim Fig. 37: Plan of Seacash, Co
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Antrim Shane’s Castle Park, Co. A
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Armagh County Armagh Fig. 39: Signi
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Armagh Fig. 40: Early Medieval exca
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Armagh Fig. 42: Excavations at Abbe
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Armagh Derry More, Co. Armagh Early
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Armagh Fig. 45: ‘Figure-of-eight
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Armagh Terryhoogan, Co. Armagh Earl
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Clare ‘Beal Boru’ (Ballyvally t
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Clare Fig. 48: Plan of excavated ar
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Clare The Harvard excavators identi
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Clare Cahircalla More, Co. Clare Ea
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Clare Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer
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Clare Clonmoney West, Co. Clare Ear
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Clare were associated with glass fr
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Clare The main and only major occup
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Clare Gragan West, Co. Clare Early
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Clare Inishcealtra, Co. Clare Eccle
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Clare Medieval Activity Significant
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Clare Fig. 54: Excavated areas of I
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Clare Fig. 55: Plan showing enclosu
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Clare Fig. 56: Plan of Thady’s Fo
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Cork Ballyarra, Co. Cork Unenclosed
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Cork Ballycatteen Fort, Co. Cork Ea
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Cork Fig. 59: Plan of Ballycatteen,
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Cork Structure III was a small buil
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Cork to the southern flat area of t
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Cork L-shaped enclosure Beta-165323
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Cork Fig. 61: Plan of St. Gobnet’
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Cork Fig. 62: Plan of enclosure and
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Cork layer of charcoal. The layer o
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Cork diagnostic furnace bottoms, or
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Cork Fig. 64: Plan of primary phase
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Cork Fig. 65: Plan of excavations a
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Cork The following is based on gene
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Cork Fig. 67: Plan of Scandinavian
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Cork low-lying marshy location of S
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Cork replaced part of the waterfron
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Cork property boundaries were align
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Cork and smaller plots. Type 4 buil
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Cork The remains of a Type 6 sill-b
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Cork References: Bradley, J., & Hal
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Cork Lennon, A. M. 2003. Grattan St
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Cork the point of a copper-alloy st
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Cork Garryduff I & II, Garryduff, C
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Cork Fig. 73: Plan of excavation at
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Cork charred oat grains and one cha
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Cork Lisduggan North 1, 2 & 3, Co.
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Cork Lisleagh II, Co. Cork Early Me
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Cork ‘Lisnacaheragh Fort’ (Garr
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Cork Fig. 77: Plan of Garranes, Co.
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Cork It appears that the three sout
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Cork Oldcourt, Co. Cork Early Medie
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Cork Park North, Midleton, Co. Cork
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Cork Raheens I, Co. Cork Early Medi
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Cork Raheens II, Co. Cork Early Med
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Cork Skahanagh North, Co. Cork Earl
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Donegal County Donegal Fig. 83: Sig
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Donegal Rinnaraw, Co. Donegal Early
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Donegal Fig. 86: Plan of ‘byre-ho
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Down County Down Fig. 88: Significa
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Down Fig. 89: Excavated areas at Ba
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Down Castleskreen Co. Down Early Me
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Down Fig. 93: Aerial photograph of
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Down Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer,
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Page 220 and 221:
Down Fig. 97: Structures in South P
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Down Fig. 98: Plan of Dunnyneill Is
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Down Gransha, Co. Down Early Mediev
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Down Lough Faughan Crannog (Ballyro
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Down Movilla Abbey, Co. Down Early
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Down Two medieval wells were excava
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Down Rathmullan Lower, Co. Down Ear
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Down Fig. 104: Plan of Phase 1 at R
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Down Tullylish, Co. Down Early Medi
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Down ‘White Fort’ (Drumaroad td
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Dublin Ballycullen, Old Court, Co.
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Dublin Ballynakelly, Co. Dublin Ear
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Dublin Areas’ D and E were simila
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Dublin Barnageeragh, Co. Dublin Ear
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Dublin Fig. 110: Settlement Enclosu
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Dublin Cherrywood (Site 18), Co. Du
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Dublin Fig. 113: Plan of Scandinavi
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Dublin Also, 55 E ware sherds, from
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Dublin ‘Dun Emer’, Lusk, Co. Du
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Dublin Fig. 117: Dun Emer Reconstru
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Dublin Flemington, Co. Dublin Early
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Dublin Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reime
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Dublin Fig. 120: Plan of Lusk (Afte
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Dublin Temple Bar West Grid referen
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Dublin Fig. 122: Plan of ninth-cent
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Dublin Fig. 124: Plan of eleventh-c
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Dublin century, was 2.5m wide and 0
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Dublin Fig. 126: Plan of ‘road’
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Dublin Murray’s (1983, 43-57) stu
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Dublin Fig. 131: Plan of Type 5 Hou
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Dublin Two structures (‘E’ and
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Dublin Simpson, L. 1999. Director's
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Dublin Fig. 132: Aerial photograph
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Dublin The final phase was associat
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Dublin Rosepark, Co. Dublin 1. Earl
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Dublin Fig. 135: Phase II at Rosepa
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Dublin ‘St Gobban’, Kilgobbin,
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Dublin St Michael le Pole Ecclesias
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Dublin and significantly, the archa
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Dublin accurate, it further points
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Dublin Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reime
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Fermanagh County Fermanagh Fig. 141
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Fermanagh and measured approximatel
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Fermanagh Fig. 142: Schematic Plan
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Fermanagh Fig. 143: Enclosure at Bo
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Fermanagh Fig. 144: Excavated area
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Fermanagh Fig. 146: Plan of Lisdoo,
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Galway County Galway Fig. 148: Sign
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Galway Fig. 150: Plan of corner of
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Galway Fig. 151: Plan of enclosure
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Galway UB-7433 Adult female 954±31
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Galway Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reime
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Galway Fig. 153: Plan of early medi
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Galway Fig. 154: Cells and church a
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Galway isolated trench immediately
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Galway from the early medieval peri
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Galway Loughbown (1), Co. Galway Ea
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Galway Loughbown (2), Co. Galway Ea
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Galway Mackney, Co. Galway Early Me
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Galway Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reime
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Galway Fig. 159: Excavated area at
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Kerry County Kerry Fig. 160: Signif
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Kerry Radiocarbon dates support thi
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Kerry screen) that demarcated the c
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Kerry Ballyegan, Co. Kerry Early Me
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Kerry Beginish, Co. Kerry Early Med
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Kerry Fig. 163: Plan of House 1 at
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Kerry width) appears to have origin
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Kerry The fifteenth- to seventeenth
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Kerry Caherlehillan, Co. Kerry Earl
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Kerry 1996a, 1999b, 2000). This lat
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Kerry References Doyle, I. 2009. Me
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Kerry Church Island (Ballycarbery W
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Kerry included two hammer-stones, p
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Kerry Fig. 169: Plan of House 2, Ch
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Kerry Fig. 170: Plan of Clogher, Co
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Kerry A number of finds possibly as
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Kerry Fig. 171: Plan of cave at Clo
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Kerry Coarhabeg, Valentia Island Ea
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Kerry Dromthacker, Co. Kerry Early
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Kerry Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer
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Kerry nineteenth century and it is
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Kerry Fig. 177: Plan of rampart and
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Kerry Illaunloughan, Co. Kerry Earl
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Kerry Fig. 179: Plan of the Phase 1
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Kerry ‘Leacanabuaile’ (Kimego W
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Kerry Fig. 181: Plan of Leacanabuil
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Kerry Fig. 182: Aerial photograph o
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Kerry stones in the southeast and s
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Kerry surviving to a height of 0.90
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Kerry Fig. 185: Plan of Structures
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Kildare Killickaweeny, Co. Kildare
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Kildare close to Structure 1. It co
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Kildare ‘Maynooth Castle’ (Mayn
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Kildare Narraghmore, Co. Kildare Ea
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Kildare Pollardstown, Co. Kildare E
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Kilkenny Dunbell Big (5), Co. Kilke
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Kilkenny Dunbell Big (6), Co. Kilke
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Kilkenny Reference: Murthagh, B. 19
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Kilkenny A series of linear feature
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Kilkenny Loughboy, Co. Kilkenny Ear
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Laois County Laois Fig. 195: Signif
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Laois Fig. 196: Features at Parknah
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Limerick County Limerick Fig. 197:
Page 431 and 432:
Limerick Fig. 198: Plan of house fo
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Limerick backfilled deposit. The me
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Limerick ‘Carraig Aille I’ (Lou
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Limerick ‘Carraig Aille II’ (Lo
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Limerick Fig. 202: Plan of Carraig
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Limerick Finds from these houses an
Page 443 and 444:
Limerick Fig. 204: Excavated featur
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Limerick corner of the excavated ar
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Limerick the ‘enclosure’ is the
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Limerick was faced with stone. Ther
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Limerick Grange, Co. Limerick Early
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Limerick Fig. 207: Excavated areas
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Limerick no wattle- or postholes an
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Limerick Newtown, Co. Limerick Earl
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Limerick Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Rei
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Limerick Two burials were uncovered
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Limerick Sluggary, Co. Limerick Ear
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Londonderry County Londonderry Fig.
Page 467 and 468:
Londonderry Fig. 214: Plan of house
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Londonderry Fig. 215: Early medieva
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Londonderry Magheramenagh, Co. Lond
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Londonderry Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ
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Longford Aghadegnan, Co. Longford E
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Longford References: Carroll, J. 19
Page 479 and 480:
Louth Balgatheran 1, Co. Louth Earl
Page 481 and 482:
Louth Balriggan, Co. Louth Early Me
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Louth Balriggan was a large multi-p
Page 485 and 486:
Louth Carn More, Co. Louth Early Me
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Louth Faughart Lower, Co. Louth Ear
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Louth 65-82. Dublin. National Roads
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Louth through the ditch showed that
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Louth ‘Lissachiggel’, Doolargy,
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Louth Fig. 224: Detailed plan of ho
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Louth Archaeological investigations
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Louth central, L-shaped island of n
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Louth Fig. 227: Plan of Marshes Upp
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Louth Millockstown, Co. Louth Early
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Louth Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer
Page 507 and 508:
Louth Fig. 229: Photograph of soute
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Mayo County Mayo Fig. 230: Signific
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Mayo Bofeenaun, Co. Mayo Early Medi
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Mayo Carrowkeel, Co. Mayo Early Med
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Mayo Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer,
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Mayo Fig. 234: Plan of ecclesiastic
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Mayo Letterkeen, Co. Mayo Early Med
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Mayo Fig. 237: Features near entran
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Mayo Fig. 238: Plan of excavated ar
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Mayo Moyne, Co. Mayo Early Medieval
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Meath County Meath Fig. 241: Signif
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Meath Fig. 242: Plan of excavations
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Meath Fig. 243: Plan of Augherskea,
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Meath was the burial of a horse’s
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Meath Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer
Page 537 and 538:
Meath Betaghstown (Bettystown), Co.
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Meath Boolies Little, Co. Meath Ear
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Meath Castlefarm, Co. Meath Early M
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Meath Fig. 246: Enclosures at Castl
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Meath Cloncowan, Co. Meath Early Me
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Meath Collierstown 1, Co. Meath Ear
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Meath The Phase III enclosure consi
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Meath Fig. 249: Excavations at Colp
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Meath Fig. 250: Enclosures at Colp
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Meath Cormeen, Co. Meath Early Medi
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Meath fragment and frequent flint i
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Meath Fig. 252: Phases of enclosure
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Meath Johnstown 1, Co. Meath Early
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Page 569 and 570:
Meath Kells, Co. Meath Early Mediev
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Meath Fifty two burials were reveal
Page 573 and 574: Meath Knowth, Co. Meath 1. Early Me
Page 575 and 576: Meath Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer
Page 577 and 578: Meath Period II occupation probably
Page 579 and 580: Meath References: Comber, M. 1997.
Page 581 and 582: Meath Fig. 258: Plan of enclosure a
Page 583 and 584: Meath Phase W was occupied c. A.D.
Page 585 and 586: Meath populated with good grazing l
Page 587 and 588: Meath Nevinstown, Co. Meath Early M
Page 589 and 590: Meath graves and were oriented slig
Page 591 and 592: Meath Immediately to the west was a
Page 593 and 594: Meath Kelly, E. P. 1976:020. Randal
Page 595 and 596: Meath miscellaneous scraps of metal
Page 597 and 598: Meath Beta-196366 Bone from linear
Page 599 and 600: Meath Raystown, Co. Meath Early Med
Page 601 and 602: Meath Raystown included evidence of
Page 603 and 604: Meath Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer
Page 605 and 606: Meath Roestown 2, Co. Meath Early M
Page 607 and 608: Meath Fig. 263: Phases from Roestow
Page 609 and 610: Meath St. Anne’s Chapel (Randalst
Page 611 and 612: Meath Simonstown, Co. Meath Early M
Page 613 and 614: Monaghan County Monaghan Fig. 264:
Page 615 and 616: Monaghan north-east of the inner en
Page 617 and 618: Offaly ‘Ballinderry II’ (Ballyn
Page 619 and 620: Offaly The early medieval crannog a
Page 621 and 622: Offaly Ballintemple, Co. Offaly Ear
Page 623: Offaly Clonmacnoise, Co. Offaly Ear
Page 627 and 628: Offaly Fig. 269: Map of Clonmacnois
Page 629 and 630: Offaly Manning, C. 1995. Clonmacnoi
Page 631 and 632: Roscommon Cloongownagh, Co. Roscomm
Page 633 and 634: Roscommon Lennon, A-M. & Henry, M.
Page 635 and 636: Roscommon Grid Ref: M78818268 (1788
Page 637 and 638: Roscommon Fig. 272: Summary of 2004
Page 639 and 640: Sligo ‘Grange West’ (inc. Bally
Page 641 and 642: Sligo Sample No. Context 14 C Date
Page 643 and 644: Sligo Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer
Page 645 and 646: Sligo Fig. 277: Plan of Promontory
Page 647 and 648: Sligo Magheraboy, Co. Sligo Early M
Page 649 and 650: Sligo Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer
Page 651 and 652: Sligo Period III, a large mound of
Page 653 and 654: Sligo (No plans were available for
Page 655 and 656: Sligo Phase 4 was an open stony pla
Page 657 and 658: Tipperary Bowling Green, Co. Tipper
Page 659 and 660: Tipperary Cormac’s Chapel, St. Pa
Page 661 and 662: Tipperary ‘Killederdadrum’ (Lac
Page 663 and 664: Tipperary cemetery appears to have
Page 665 and 666: Tipperary Fig. 284: Features excava
Page 667 and 668: Tipperary Fig. 285: Plan of hut at
Page 669 and 670: Tyrone Altanagh, Co. Tyrone Early M
Page 671 and 672: Tyrone Clogher (Clogher Demesne td.
Page 673 and 674: Tyrone UB-844 Charcoal with iron sm
Page 675 and 676:
Tyrone Fig. 290: Excavated area at
Page 677 and 678:
Tyrone Killyliss, Co. Tyrone Early
Page 679 and 680:
Tyrone Fig. 294: Section through di
Page 681 and 682:
Tyrone Fig. 295: Excavated features
Page 683 and 684:
Waterford Ballykilmurry, Co. Waterf
Page 685 and 686:
Waterford The cave was inhabited so
Page 687 and 688:
Waterford Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Re
Page 689 and 690:
Page 691 and 692:
Waterford The final phase of activi
Page 693 and 694:
Waterford Hiberno-Scandinavian Wate
Page 695 and 696:
Waterford There are a growing numbe
Page 697 and 698:
Waterford reinforced by the additio
Page 699 and 700:
Waterford 1989; Scully 1990). If th
Page 701 and 702:
Waterford Layers of dumped organic
Page 703 and 704:
Waterford At least fourteen plots w
Page 705 and 706:
Waterford Street and High Street is
Page 707 and 708:
Waterford excavated evidence was co
Page 709 and 710:
Waterford Structures were uncovered
Page 711 and 712:
Waterford An excavation at the corn
Page 713 and 714:
Waterford considerable assemblage o
Page 715 and 716:
Waterford al.]; editors: Terry Barr
Page 717 and 718:
Waterford Scully, O. 1992:175. Pete
Page 719 and 720:
Waterford Woodstown 6, Co. Waterfor
Page 721 and 722:
Waterford Stratified rotary sharpen
Page 723 and 724:
Page 725 and 726:
Westmeath County Westmeath Fig. 312
Page 727 and 728:
Westmeath leather, lignite, bone an
Page 729 and 730:
Westmeath were tilting dramatically
Page 731 and 732:
Westmeath Fig. 313: Aerial photogra
Page 733 and 734:
Westmeath structure. Further eviden
Page 735 and 736:
Westmeath Towards the end of the si
Page 737 and 738:
Westmeath Fig. 314: Plan of enclosu
Page 739 and 740:
Westmeath ‘Uisneach’ (Rathnew t
Page 741 and 742:
Wexford County Wexford Fig. 317: Si
Page 743 and 744:
Wicklow County Wicklow Fig. 319: Si
Page 745 and 746:
Wicklow Fig. 320: Plan of sub-recta
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