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Offaly Fig. 268: Plan of palisaded enclosure and roundhouse at Ballintemple, Co. Offaly (after IAWU 2004). Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer, MGL Baillie, E Bard, A Bayliss, JW Beck, C Bertrand, PG Blackwell, CE Buck, G Burr, KB Cutler, PE Damon, RL Edwards, RG Fairbanks, M Friedrich, TP Guilderson, KA Hughen, B Kromer, FG McCormac, S Manning, C Bronk Ramsey, RW Reimer, S Remmele, JR Southon, M Stuiver, S Talamo, FW Taylor, J van der Plicht, and CE Weyhenmeyer (2004), Radiocarbon 46:1029-1058). Sample No. Context 14 C Date Cal. 2 Σ Wk-13754 Charcoal from hearth 1456±39 BP A.D. 544-653. References: IAWU. 2004. Peatland Survey 2003: Supplementary Archaeological Survey Report – Ballykean Bog. Stanley, M. & Moore, C. 2004. Medieval peatland dwellings. Archaeology Ireland 18(4), 12–4. 600
Offaly Clonmacnoise, Co. Offaly Early Medieval Ecclesiastical Enclosure. Grid Ref: N011308 (20110/23080) SMR No: OF005-004; OF005-058. Excavation Licence: E000181; E000558; 93E0086; 93E0123; 95E0231; 97E0243; 99E0715; 02E1407 Excavation Duration/Year: July – August 1979; 1989-1990; 1990 – 1998; 1995; 1997 – 1998; 1999-2000; 2002. Site Director: R. Ó Floinn (National Museum of Ireland); C. Manning (OPW); H. King (National Monuments and Historic Properties Service, Dúchas); A. O’Sullivan (Management for Archaeology Underwater Ltd.) & D. Boland (Management for Archaeology Underwater Ltd.); D. Murphy (Archaeological Consultant Services Ltd.) The monastery is situated on the east side of the Shannon at a crossing point of the major east-west route-way, the Slighe Mhor, itself located on the Eiscir Riadda (Central Ridge) of Ireland. The site is linked with St. Ciaran, who may have founded the earliest church there c. A.D. 545. The site borders the three over-kingdoms of Connaught, Munster and the Southern Uí Néill. Although kings of Connaught took an interest in Clonmacnoise from an early date, the site had fallen within the control of the Chlann Cholmain dynasty of the Southern Uí Neill by the ninth century. This period saw a concentrated phase of patronage at the site including the construction of the cathedral and the erection of the ‘Cross of Scriptures’ in the earlytenth century. The ruins of the ecclesiastical site include the cathedral, seven churches, two round towers, six high crosses, a holy well and the largest collection of early medieval crossslabs in Ireland. Although an Anglo-Norman castle was built to the west of the ecclesiastical site, the main crossing point of the River Shannon moved upstream to Athlone in the medieval period and Clonmacnoise became a relatively quiet and unspoilt archaeological landscape for the next eight centuries. Recent field- and under-water survey, geophysics and above all excavation have uncovered extensive evidence for enclosing boundaries, structures, paved roads, surfaces, industrial and agricultural features and an underwater bridge, all dating from the seventh to twelfth century (Fig. 269). Excavations on the sites of three high crosses within the innermost ecclesiastical precincts have uncovered settlement evidence dating from the seventh century prior to the use of the area as a burial-ground (King 1993:186; 1994:196). Further excavations to the west at the Steeple Gardens (Visitor Centre), northeast (New Graveyard) and northwest (on the sloping ground from the Visitor Centre to the River Shannon banks) of the medieval ecclesiastical core produced significant evidence for three phases of early medieval habitation and industry (Manning 1989:078, 1990:096; King 2009, 335-36, 1992b). Underwater excavations to the northwest of the site has revealed a bridge dated to A.D. 804 (O’Sullivan & Boland 1998, 2000) and further investigations to the southwest near St. Ciaran’s National School has uncovered an enclosing monastic ditch (Murphy 2003) and a Hiberno- Scandinavian coin hoard along with industrial features (Ó Floinn and King 1998). Geophysical investigations in the fields surrounding the site in the mid 1990s suggest that an extensive area was settled – in some places intensively – in the early medieval period (Mytum 2003, 56). An area to the southeast of the ‘New Graveyard’ has produced almost no stratified archaeology. It has been described as the ‘Fair Green’ on the earliest OS maps and may have been the possible location of the great fairs of Clonmacnoise (King 2009, 345). Local tradition and aerial photography indicate the possible presence of a mill-race to the east and southeast of the site (King 2009, 336). The earliest settlement evidence at Clonmacnoise has been uncovered within the main original cathedral burial ground. Here, the removal of three crosses – the ‘Cross of the Scriptures’ (West Cross) and the ‘South Cross’ in 1991 and 1992 (King 1992c, 1994:196) and the ‘North Cross’ in the summer of 1993 (Manning 1990:096, 1992; King 1993:186) – revealed that the area to the west of the cathedral may have been initially used for 601
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EARLY MEDIEVAL ARCHAEOLOGY PROJECT
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Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS
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Table of Contents Flemington, Co. D
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Table of Contents Castlefarm, Co. M
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List of Figures LIST OF FIGURES Fig
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List of Figures Fig. 91: Plan of en
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List of Figures Fig. 179: Plan of t
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List of Figures Fig. 269: Map of Cl
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Introduction 1. Introduction EMAP i
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Introduction commonly known by a pa
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Introduction Acknowledgments We wou
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County Antrim Fig. 1: Significant e
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Antrim Fig. 3: Plan of Antiville, C
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Antrim Armoy (Glebe td.), Co. Antri
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Antrim southward (e.g. 2004-2005 se
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Antrim represent a pendant or perso
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Antrim Fig. 4: Plan of Armoy showin
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Antrim Ballyaghagan, Co. Antrim Ear
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Antrim Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reime
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Antrim Fig. 9: Plan of Phase 2 hous
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Antrim Fig. 10: Plan of Ballymacash
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Page 45 and 46:
Antrim Fig. 13: Plan of interior of
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Antrim Fig. 14: Plan of enclosures
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Antrim Radiocarbon Dates (PJ Reimer
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Antrim Fig. 16: Plan of Ballyvollen
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Antrim Ballywee, Co. Antrim Early M
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Page 57 and 58:
Antrim Fig. 18: Site plan of excava
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Antrim ‘Craig Hill’ (Craig td.)
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Antrim Fig. 21: Plan of Craigywarre
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Antrim The mound was subsequently r
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Page 67 and 68:
Antrim ‘Doonmore’ (Cross td.),
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Antrim Fig. 25: Plan of House III a
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Antrim Fig. 26: Phase I occupation
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Antrim Dunsilly, Co. Antrim Early M
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Antrim 53
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Antrim References: Harper, A. E. T.
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Antrim ‘Larrybane’ (Knocksoghey
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Antrim Fig. 33: Plan of excavated a
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Antrim Fig. 35: Phase 1 roundhouse
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Antrim Fig. 36: Plan of interior of
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Antrim Fig. 37: Plan of Seacash, Co
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Antrim Shane’s Castle Park, Co. A
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Armagh County Armagh Fig. 39: Signi
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Armagh Fig. 40: Early Medieval exca
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Armagh Fig. 42: Excavations at Abbe
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Armagh Derry More, Co. Armagh Early
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Armagh Fig. 45: ‘Figure-of-eight
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Armagh Terryhoogan, Co. Armagh Earl
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Clare ‘Beal Boru’ (Ballyvally t
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Clare Fig. 48: Plan of excavated ar
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Clare The Harvard excavators identi
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Clare Cahircalla More, Co. Clare Ea
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Clare Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer
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Clare Clonmoney West, Co. Clare Ear
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Clare were associated with glass fr
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Clare The main and only major occup
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Clare Gragan West, Co. Clare Early
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Clare Inishcealtra, Co. Clare Eccle
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Clare Medieval Activity Significant
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Clare Fig. 54: Excavated areas of I
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Clare Fig. 55: Plan showing enclosu
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Clare Fig. 56: Plan of Thady’s Fo
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Cork Ballyarra, Co. Cork Unenclosed
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Cork Ballycatteen Fort, Co. Cork Ea
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Cork Fig. 59: Plan of Ballycatteen,
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Cork Structure III was a small buil
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Cork to the southern flat area of t
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Cork L-shaped enclosure Beta-165323
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Cork Fig. 61: Plan of St. Gobnet’
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Cork Fig. 62: Plan of enclosure and
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Cork layer of charcoal. The layer o
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Cork diagnostic furnace bottoms, or
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Cork Fig. 64: Plan of primary phase
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Cork Fig. 65: Plan of excavations a
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Cork The following is based on gene
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Cork Fig. 67: Plan of Scandinavian
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Cork low-lying marshy location of S
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Cork replaced part of the waterfron
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Cork property boundaries were align
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Cork and smaller plots. Type 4 buil
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Cork The remains of a Type 6 sill-b
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Cork References: Bradley, J., & Hal
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Cork Lennon, A. M. 2003. Grattan St
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Cork the point of a copper-alloy st
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Cork Garryduff I & II, Garryduff, C
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Cork Fig. 73: Plan of excavation at
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Cork charred oat grains and one cha
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Cork Lisduggan North 1, 2 & 3, Co.
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Cork Lisleagh II, Co. Cork Early Me
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Cork ‘Lisnacaheragh Fort’ (Garr
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Cork Fig. 77: Plan of Garranes, Co.
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Cork It appears that the three sout
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Cork Oldcourt, Co. Cork Early Medie
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Cork Park North, Midleton, Co. Cork
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Cork Raheens I, Co. Cork Early Medi
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Cork Raheens II, Co. Cork Early Med
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Cork Skahanagh North, Co. Cork Earl
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Donegal County Donegal Fig. 83: Sig
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Donegal Rinnaraw, Co. Donegal Early
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Donegal Fig. 86: Plan of ‘byre-ho
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Down County Down Fig. 88: Significa
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Down Fig. 89: Excavated areas at Ba
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Down Castleskreen Co. Down Early Me
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Down Fig. 93: Aerial photograph of
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Down Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer,
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Down Fig. 97: Structures in South P
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Down Fig. 98: Plan of Dunnyneill Is
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Down Gransha, Co. Down Early Mediev
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Down Lough Faughan Crannog (Ballyro
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Down Movilla Abbey, Co. Down Early
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Down Two medieval wells were excava
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Down Rathmullan Lower, Co. Down Ear
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Down Fig. 104: Plan of Phase 1 at R
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Down Tullylish, Co. Down Early Medi
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Down ‘White Fort’ (Drumaroad td
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Dublin Ballycullen, Old Court, Co.
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Dublin Ballynakelly, Co. Dublin Ear
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Dublin Areas’ D and E were simila
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Dublin Barnageeragh, Co. Dublin Ear
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Dublin Fig. 110: Settlement Enclosu
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Dublin Cherrywood (Site 18), Co. Du
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Dublin Fig. 113: Plan of Scandinavi
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Dublin Also, 55 E ware sherds, from
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Dublin ‘Dun Emer’, Lusk, Co. Du
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Dublin Fig. 117: Dun Emer Reconstru
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Dublin Flemington, Co. Dublin Early
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Dublin Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reime
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Dublin Fig. 120: Plan of Lusk (Afte
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Dublin Temple Bar West Grid referen
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Dublin Fig. 122: Plan of ninth-cent
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Dublin Fig. 124: Plan of eleventh-c
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Dublin century, was 2.5m wide and 0
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Dublin Fig. 126: Plan of ‘road’
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Dublin Murray’s (1983, 43-57) stu
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Dublin Fig. 131: Plan of Type 5 Hou
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Dublin Two structures (‘E’ and
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Dublin Simpson, L. 1999. Director's
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Dublin Fig. 132: Aerial photograph
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Dublin The final phase was associat
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Dublin Rosepark, Co. Dublin 1. Earl
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Dublin Fig. 135: Phase II at Rosepa
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Dublin ‘St Gobban’, Kilgobbin,
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Dublin St Michael le Pole Ecclesias
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Dublin and significantly, the archa
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Dublin accurate, it further points
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Dublin Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reime
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Fermanagh County Fermanagh Fig. 141
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Fermanagh and measured approximatel
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Fermanagh Fig. 142: Schematic Plan
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Fermanagh Fig. 143: Enclosure at Bo
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Fermanagh Fig. 144: Excavated area
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Fermanagh Fig. 146: Plan of Lisdoo,
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Galway County Galway Fig. 148: Sign
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Galway Fig. 150: Plan of corner of
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Galway Fig. 151: Plan of enclosure
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Galway UB-7433 Adult female 954±31
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Galway Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reime
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Galway Fig. 153: Plan of early medi
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Galway Fig. 154: Cells and church a
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Galway isolated trench immediately
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Galway from the early medieval peri
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Galway Loughbown (1), Co. Galway Ea
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Galway Loughbown (2), Co. Galway Ea
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Galway Mackney, Co. Galway Early Me
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Galway Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reime
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Galway Fig. 159: Excavated area at
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Kerry County Kerry Fig. 160: Signif
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Kerry Radiocarbon dates support thi
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Kerry screen) that demarcated the c
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Kerry Ballyegan, Co. Kerry Early Me
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Kerry Beginish, Co. Kerry Early Med
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Kerry Fig. 163: Plan of House 1 at
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Kerry width) appears to have origin
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Kerry The fifteenth- to seventeenth
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Kerry Caherlehillan, Co. Kerry Earl
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Kerry 1996a, 1999b, 2000). This lat
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Kerry References Doyle, I. 2009. Me
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Kerry Church Island (Ballycarbery W
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Kerry included two hammer-stones, p
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Kerry Fig. 169: Plan of House 2, Ch
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Kerry Fig. 170: Plan of Clogher, Co
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Kerry A number of finds possibly as
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Kerry Fig. 171: Plan of cave at Clo
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Kerry Coarhabeg, Valentia Island Ea
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Kerry Dromthacker, Co. Kerry Early
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Kerry Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer
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Kerry nineteenth century and it is
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Kerry Fig. 177: Plan of rampart and
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Kerry Illaunloughan, Co. Kerry Earl
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Kerry Fig. 179: Plan of the Phase 1
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Kerry ‘Leacanabuaile’ (Kimego W
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Kerry Fig. 181: Plan of Leacanabuil
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Kerry Fig. 182: Aerial photograph o
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Kerry stones in the southeast and s
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Kerry surviving to a height of 0.90
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Kerry Fig. 185: Plan of Structures
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Kildare Killickaweeny, Co. Kildare
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Kildare close to Structure 1. It co
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Kildare ‘Maynooth Castle’ (Mayn
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Kildare Narraghmore, Co. Kildare Ea
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Kildare Pollardstown, Co. Kildare E
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Kilkenny Dunbell Big (5), Co. Kilke
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Kilkenny Dunbell Big (6), Co. Kilke
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Kilkenny Reference: Murthagh, B. 19
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Kilkenny A series of linear feature
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Kilkenny Loughboy, Co. Kilkenny Ear
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Laois County Laois Fig. 195: Signif
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Laois Fig. 196: Features at Parknah
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Limerick County Limerick Fig. 197:
Page 431 and 432:
Limerick Fig. 198: Plan of house fo
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Limerick backfilled deposit. The me
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Limerick ‘Carraig Aille I’ (Lou
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Limerick ‘Carraig Aille II’ (Lo
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Limerick Fig. 202: Plan of Carraig
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Limerick Finds from these houses an
Page 443 and 444:
Limerick Fig. 204: Excavated featur
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Limerick corner of the excavated ar
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Limerick the ‘enclosure’ is the
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Limerick was faced with stone. Ther
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Limerick Grange, Co. Limerick Early
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Limerick Fig. 207: Excavated areas
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Limerick no wattle- or postholes an
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Limerick Newtown, Co. Limerick Earl
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Limerick Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Rei
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Limerick Two burials were uncovered
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Limerick Sluggary, Co. Limerick Ear
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Londonderry County Londonderry Fig.
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Londonderry Fig. 214: Plan of house
Page 469 and 470:
Londonderry Fig. 215: Early medieva
Page 471 and 472:
Londonderry Magheramenagh, Co. Lond
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Londonderry Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ
Page 475 and 476:
Longford Aghadegnan, Co. Longford E
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Longford References: Carroll, J. 19
Page 479 and 480:
Louth Balgatheran 1, Co. Louth Earl
Page 481 and 482:
Louth Balriggan, Co. Louth Early Me
Page 483 and 484:
Louth Balriggan was a large multi-p
Page 485 and 486:
Louth Carn More, Co. Louth Early Me
Page 487 and 488:
Louth Faughart Lower, Co. Louth Ear
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Louth 65-82. Dublin. National Roads
Page 491 and 492:
Louth through the ditch showed that
Page 493 and 494:
Louth ‘Lissachiggel’, Doolargy,
Page 495 and 496:
Louth Fig. 224: Detailed plan of ho
Page 497 and 498:
Louth Archaeological investigations
Page 499 and 500:
Louth central, L-shaped island of n
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Louth Fig. 227: Plan of Marshes Upp
Page 503 and 504:
Louth Millockstown, Co. Louth Early
Page 505 and 506:
Louth Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer
Page 507 and 508:
Louth Fig. 229: Photograph of soute
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Mayo County Mayo Fig. 230: Signific
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Mayo Bofeenaun, Co. Mayo Early Medi
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Mayo Carrowkeel, Co. Mayo Early Med
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Mayo Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer,
Page 517 and 518:
Mayo Fig. 234: Plan of ecclesiastic
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Mayo Letterkeen, Co. Mayo Early Med
Page 521 and 522:
Mayo Fig. 237: Features near entran
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Mayo Fig. 238: Plan of excavated ar
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Mayo Moyne, Co. Mayo Early Medieval
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Meath County Meath Fig. 241: Signif
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Meath Fig. 242: Plan of excavations
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Meath Fig. 243: Plan of Augherskea,
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Meath was the burial of a horse’s
Page 535 and 536:
Meath Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer
Page 537 and 538:
Meath Betaghstown (Bettystown), Co.
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Meath Boolies Little, Co. Meath Ear
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Meath Castlefarm, Co. Meath Early M
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Meath Fig. 246: Enclosures at Castl
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Meath Cloncowan, Co. Meath Early Me
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Meath Collierstown 1, Co. Meath Ear
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Meath The Phase III enclosure consi
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Page 553 and 554:
Meath Fig. 249: Excavations at Colp
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Meath Fig. 250: Enclosures at Colp
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Meath Cormeen, Co. Meath Early Medi
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Meath fragment and frequent flint i
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Meath Fig. 252: Phases of enclosure
Page 563 and 564:
Page 565 and 566:
Meath Johnstown 1, Co. Meath Early
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Page 569 and 570:
Meath Kells, Co. Meath Early Mediev
Page 571 and 572: Meath Fifty two burials were reveal
Page 573 and 574: Meath Knowth, Co. Meath 1. Early Me
Page 575 and 576: Meath Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer
Page 577 and 578: Meath Period II occupation probably
Page 579 and 580: Meath References: Comber, M. 1997.
Page 581 and 582: Meath Fig. 258: Plan of enclosure a
Page 583 and 584: Meath Phase W was occupied c. A.D.
Page 585 and 586: Meath populated with good grazing l
Page 587 and 588: Meath Nevinstown, Co. Meath Early M
Page 589 and 590: Meath graves and were oriented slig
Page 591 and 592: Meath Immediately to the west was a
Page 593 and 594: Meath Kelly, E. P. 1976:020. Randal
Page 595 and 596: Meath miscellaneous scraps of metal
Page 597 and 598: Meath Beta-196366 Bone from linear
Page 599 and 600: Meath Raystown, Co. Meath Early Med
Page 601 and 602: Meath Raystown included evidence of
Page 603 and 604: Meath Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer
Page 605 and 606: Meath Roestown 2, Co. Meath Early M
Page 607 and 608: Meath Fig. 263: Phases from Roestow
Page 609 and 610: Meath St. Anne’s Chapel (Randalst
Page 611 and 612: Meath Simonstown, Co. Meath Early M
Page 613 and 614: Monaghan County Monaghan Fig. 264:
Page 615 and 616: Monaghan north-east of the inner en
Page 617 and 618: Offaly ‘Ballinderry II’ (Ballyn
Page 619 and 620: Offaly The early medieval crannog a
Page 621: Offaly Ballintemple, Co. Offaly Ear
Page 625 and 626: Offaly A later roundhouse (7m diame
Page 627 and 628: Offaly Fig. 269: Map of Clonmacnois
Page 629 and 630: Offaly Manning, C. 1995. Clonmacnoi
Page 631 and 632: Roscommon Cloongownagh, Co. Roscomm
Page 633 and 634: Roscommon Lennon, A-M. & Henry, M.
Page 635 and 636: Roscommon Grid Ref: M78818268 (1788
Page 637 and 638: Roscommon Fig. 272: Summary of 2004
Page 639 and 640: Sligo ‘Grange West’ (inc. Bally
Page 641 and 642: Sligo Sample No. Context 14 C Date
Page 643 and 644: Sligo Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer
Page 645 and 646: Sligo Fig. 277: Plan of Promontory
Page 647 and 648: Sligo Magheraboy, Co. Sligo Early M
Page 649 and 650: Sligo Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer
Page 651 and 652: Sligo Period III, a large mound of
Page 653 and 654: Sligo (No plans were available for
Page 655 and 656: Sligo Phase 4 was an open stony pla
Page 657 and 658: Tipperary Bowling Green, Co. Tipper
Page 659 and 660: Tipperary Cormac’s Chapel, St. Pa
Page 661 and 662: Tipperary ‘Killederdadrum’ (Lac
Page 663 and 664: Tipperary cemetery appears to have
Page 665 and 666: Tipperary Fig. 284: Features excava
Page 667 and 668: Tipperary Fig. 285: Plan of hut at
Page 669 and 670: Tyrone Altanagh, Co. Tyrone Early M
Page 671 and 672: Tyrone Clogher (Clogher Demesne td.
Page 673 and 674:
Tyrone UB-844 Charcoal with iron sm
Page 675 and 676:
Tyrone Fig. 290: Excavated area at
Page 677 and 678:
Tyrone Killyliss, Co. Tyrone Early
Page 679 and 680:
Tyrone Fig. 294: Section through di
Page 681 and 682:
Tyrone Fig. 295: Excavated features
Page 683 and 684:
Waterford Ballykilmurry, Co. Waterf
Page 685 and 686:
Waterford The cave was inhabited so
Page 687 and 688:
Waterford Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Re
Page 689 and 690:
Page 691 and 692:
Waterford The final phase of activi
Page 693 and 694:
Waterford Hiberno-Scandinavian Wate
Page 695 and 696:
Waterford There are a growing numbe
Page 697 and 698:
Waterford reinforced by the additio
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Waterford 1989; Scully 1990). If th
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Waterford Layers of dumped organic
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Waterford At least fourteen plots w
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Waterford Street and High Street is
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Waterford excavated evidence was co
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Waterford Structures were uncovered
Page 711 and 712:
Waterford An excavation at the corn
Page 713 and 714:
Waterford considerable assemblage o
Page 715 and 716:
Waterford al.]; editors: Terry Barr
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Waterford Scully, O. 1992:175. Pete
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Waterford Woodstown 6, Co. Waterfor
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Waterford Stratified rotary sharpen
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Page 725 and 726:
Westmeath County Westmeath Fig. 312
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Westmeath leather, lignite, bone an
Page 729 and 730:
Westmeath were tilting dramatically
Page 731 and 732:
Westmeath Fig. 313: Aerial photogra
Page 733 and 734:
Westmeath structure. Further eviden
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Westmeath Towards the end of the si
Page 737 and 738:
Westmeath Fig. 314: Plan of enclosu
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Westmeath ‘Uisneach’ (Rathnew t
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Wexford County Wexford Fig. 317: Si
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Wicklow County Wicklow Fig. 319: Si
Page 745 and 746:
Wicklow Fig. 320: Plan of sub-recta
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