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Meath Ferganstown and Ballymackon, Co. Meath Early Medieval Unenclosed Souterrain Grid reference: N89126933 (289129/269331) SMR No: ME025-058 Excavation License No: 99E0178 Excavation duration/year: 1999 Site director: K. Hanley (Freelance) Excavation in advance of the construction of a sewerage treatment plant revealed a potentially unenclosed souterrain in the townland of Ferganstown and Ballymackon. The site was situated south of the River Boyne and approximately 3km north-east of Navan town. The souterrain consisted of a single dry-stone passage, which lead westwards into a simple beehive chamber. The excavation was limited to four trenches that were inserted across the site area. Therefore, the possibility remains that an enclosure exists but was not detected by the excavation trenches. The first trench was sectioned across part of the souterrain passage. Its walls were constructed from roughly shaped limestone rocks and they slanted inwards. The passage was crowned by seven large lintels. It measured 3.3m in length, was 1m high and sloped down to the beehive chamber. The chamber was constructed using both flat and rounded rocks and was sealed by a large capping stone. There was sufficient evidence to suggest that there may have been an entrance passage or drop-hole feature leading north from the exposed end of the existing passageway. Cow and pig bone was present around the souterrain passage and analysis showed that slaughtering and primary butchery was carried out in the vicinity of the site. Another trench revealed a series of four linear parallel cut features which were possible furrows. Two shallow pits, a curving ditch and a circular structure were also identified. No associated stake- or postholes were identified in association with the latter – which lay outside the arc of the ditch – but it may have demarcated a dwelling area. The remaining two trenches revealed no archaeological features. (No plans were available for this site). Reference: Hanley, K. 1999:0687. Ferganstown and Ballymackon, Co. Meath. www.excavations.ie. 542
Meath Johnstown 1, Co. Meath Early Medieval Settlement-Cemetery Grid reference: N76984047 (27698/24047) SMR No: ME048-031 Excavation Licence No: 02E0462 Excavation Duration/Year: April – October 2002 Site director: L. Clarke (ACS Ltd.) Johnstown 1, excavated in advance of the M4 road-scheme, was a multi-period settlementcemetery and industrial site that was utilised for over 1000 years. Two areas of activity were evident. The first was a succession of enclosures that respected a burial mound, which originated in the late Iron Age, and defined areas of burial, settlement and industrial activity until potentially the seventeenth century. The second area was outside the enclosure and consisted of a mill-race ditch and the site’s final use as a cillín in the post medieval period. The site was situated on the summit of a low promontory that overlooked marshland and was located close to the River Blackwater and the border between Meath and Kildare. A succession of three enclosures was centred on the burial mound which measured 15.5m by 18.5m. The mound was not initially enclosed when the first burials were placed there. One of the earliest depositions included the incomplete remains of three adults in a charnel pit beneath the mound. Burials associated with the mound were dated between the late fourth and late seventh centuries (see Table A for radiocarbon dates). Following this, up until the end of the tenth century, burials were placed to the south of the mound. Gradually, burial activity moved to the south-east and then east of the mound between the final centuries of the early medieval period until the end of the late middle-ages. Three hundred and ninety eight inhumations were associated with the enclosures including 70 male adults, 72 female adults, 41 unsexed adults, 18 adolescents, 111 juveniles and 149 infants. The majority were extended, aligned west-east, within simple, unlined graves. Three enclosing phases demarcated the cemetery, settlement and industrial areas (Fig. 254). The primary enclosure was sub-oval and measured 59m in diameter. The entrance was at the north and finds within the ditch included large quantities of animal bone, iron slag and iron objects. The ditch was excavated between A.D. 432 and 651. The second enclosure (53m by 54m) had a more substantial ditch and two entrances were evident to the north and southeast. Animal bone was again plentiful as was iron slag. A range of iron finds were present including an arrowhead, a smith’s hammer-head and unfinished objects. Other artefacts included fragments of souterrain ware and a copper alloy ringed pin. The second ditch was dug sometime between the fifth and seventh centuries and was finally abandoned before the end of the ninth century. The final enclosure was D-shaped and measured 47.5m by 61m. The enclosing ditch was much wider and deeper than the previous ditches and had a maximum width and depth of 5.3m and 1.8m respectively. Finds were similar to earlier phases including large quantities of animal bone, ferrous metallurgical waste and a range of functional and personal items. The enclosure was probably created in the ninth or tenth centuries before it was abandoned sometime between the fifteenth and seventeenth centuries. It appears that the succession of enclosures was created to accommodate the expansion of the cemetery over many centuries. Settlement evidence at Johnstown 1 survived as refuse pits, hearths, gullies, spreads and cobbled surfaces that were distributed throughout the enclosures’ interior. Large quantities of animal bone (both butchered and un-butchered), significant quantities of plant remains and a range of artefacts (both personal and functional) also show that people were living and working here throughout the early and later middle-ages. Dwelling evidence was mainly dated between the ninth and fifteenth centuries but it is reasonable to predict that this later settlement activity erased archaeological evidence preceding the ninth century. 543
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EARLY MEDIEVAL ARCHAEOLOGY PROJECT
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Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS
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Table of Contents Flemington, Co. D
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Table of Contents Castlefarm, Co. M
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List of Figures LIST OF FIGURES Fig
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List of Figures Fig. 91: Plan of en
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List of Figures Fig. 179: Plan of t
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List of Figures Fig. 269: Map of Cl
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Introduction 1. Introduction EMAP i
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Introduction commonly known by a pa
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Introduction Acknowledgments We wou
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County Antrim Fig. 1: Significant e
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Antrim Fig. 3: Plan of Antiville, C
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Antrim Armoy (Glebe td.), Co. Antri
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Antrim southward (e.g. 2004-2005 se
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Antrim represent a pendant or perso
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Antrim Fig. 4: Plan of Armoy showin
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Antrim Ballyaghagan, Co. Antrim Ear
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Antrim Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reime
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Antrim Fig. 9: Plan of Phase 2 hous
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Antrim Fig. 10: Plan of Ballymacash
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Page 45 and 46:
Antrim Fig. 13: Plan of interior of
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Antrim Fig. 14: Plan of enclosures
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Antrim Radiocarbon Dates (PJ Reimer
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Antrim Fig. 16: Plan of Ballyvollen
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Antrim Ballywee, Co. Antrim Early M
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Page 57 and 58:
Antrim Fig. 18: Site plan of excava
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Antrim ‘Craig Hill’ (Craig td.)
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Antrim Fig. 21: Plan of Craigywarre
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Antrim The mound was subsequently r
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Page 67 and 68:
Antrim ‘Doonmore’ (Cross td.),
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Antrim Fig. 25: Plan of House III a
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Antrim Fig. 26: Phase I occupation
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Antrim Dunsilly, Co. Antrim Early M
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Antrim 53
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Antrim References: Harper, A. E. T.
Page 79 and 80:
Antrim ‘Larrybane’ (Knocksoghey
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Antrim Fig. 33: Plan of excavated a
Page 83 and 84:
Antrim Fig. 35: Phase 1 roundhouse
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Antrim Fig. 36: Plan of interior of
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Antrim Fig. 37: Plan of Seacash, Co
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Antrim Shane’s Castle Park, Co. A
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Armagh County Armagh Fig. 39: Signi
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Armagh Fig. 40: Early Medieval exca
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Armagh Fig. 42: Excavations at Abbe
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Armagh Derry More, Co. Armagh Early
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Armagh Fig. 45: ‘Figure-of-eight
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Armagh Terryhoogan, Co. Armagh Earl
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Clare ‘Beal Boru’ (Ballyvally t
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Clare Fig. 48: Plan of excavated ar
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Clare The Harvard excavators identi
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Clare Cahircalla More, Co. Clare Ea
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Clare Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer
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Clare Clonmoney West, Co. Clare Ear
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Clare were associated with glass fr
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Clare The main and only major occup
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Clare Gragan West, Co. Clare Early
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Clare Inishcealtra, Co. Clare Eccle
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Clare Medieval Activity Significant
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Clare Fig. 54: Excavated areas of I
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Clare Fig. 55: Plan showing enclosu
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Clare Fig. 56: Plan of Thady’s Fo
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Cork Ballyarra, Co. Cork Unenclosed
Page 133 and 134:
Cork Ballycatteen Fort, Co. Cork Ea
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Cork Fig. 59: Plan of Ballycatteen,
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Cork Structure III was a small buil
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Cork to the southern flat area of t
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Cork L-shaped enclosure Beta-165323
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Cork Fig. 61: Plan of St. Gobnet’
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Cork Fig. 62: Plan of enclosure and
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Cork layer of charcoal. The layer o
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Cork diagnostic furnace bottoms, or
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Cork Fig. 64: Plan of primary phase
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Cork Fig. 65: Plan of excavations a
Page 156 and 157:
Cork The following is based on gene
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Cork Fig. 67: Plan of Scandinavian
Page 160 and 161:
Cork low-lying marshy location of S
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Cork replaced part of the waterfron
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Cork property boundaries were align
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Cork and smaller plots. Type 4 buil
Page 168 and 169:
Cork The remains of a Type 6 sill-b
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Cork References: Bradley, J., & Hal
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Cork Lennon, A. M. 2003. Grattan St
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Cork the point of a copper-alloy st
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Cork Garryduff I & II, Garryduff, C
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Cork Fig. 73: Plan of excavation at
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Cork charred oat grains and one cha
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Cork Lisduggan North 1, 2 & 3, Co.
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Cork Lisleagh II, Co. Cork Early Me
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Cork ‘Lisnacaheragh Fort’ (Garr
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Cork Fig. 77: Plan of Garranes, Co.
Page 190 and 191:
Cork It appears that the three sout
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Cork Oldcourt, Co. Cork Early Medie
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Cork Park North, Midleton, Co. Cork
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Cork Raheens I, Co. Cork Early Medi
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Cork Raheens II, Co. Cork Early Med
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Cork Skahanagh North, Co. Cork Earl
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Donegal County Donegal Fig. 83: Sig
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Donegal Rinnaraw, Co. Donegal Early
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Donegal Fig. 86: Plan of ‘byre-ho
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Down County Down Fig. 88: Significa
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Down Fig. 89: Excavated areas at Ba
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Down Castleskreen Co. Down Early Me
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Down Fig. 93: Aerial photograph of
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Down Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer,
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Page 220 and 221:
Down Fig. 97: Structures in South P
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Down Fig. 98: Plan of Dunnyneill Is
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Down Gransha, Co. Down Early Mediev
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Down Lough Faughan Crannog (Ballyro
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Down Movilla Abbey, Co. Down Early
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Down Two medieval wells were excava
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Down Rathmullan Lower, Co. Down Ear
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Down Fig. 104: Plan of Phase 1 at R
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Down Tullylish, Co. Down Early Medi
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Down ‘White Fort’ (Drumaroad td
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Dublin Ballycullen, Old Court, Co.
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Dublin Ballynakelly, Co. Dublin Ear
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Dublin Areas’ D and E were simila
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Dublin Barnageeragh, Co. Dublin Ear
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Dublin Fig. 110: Settlement Enclosu
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Dublin Cherrywood (Site 18), Co. Du
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Dublin Fig. 113: Plan of Scandinavi
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Dublin Also, 55 E ware sherds, from
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Dublin ‘Dun Emer’, Lusk, Co. Du
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Dublin Fig. 117: Dun Emer Reconstru
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Dublin Flemington, Co. Dublin Early
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Dublin Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reime
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Dublin Fig. 120: Plan of Lusk (Afte
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Dublin Temple Bar West Grid referen
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Dublin Fig. 122: Plan of ninth-cent
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Dublin Fig. 124: Plan of eleventh-c
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Dublin century, was 2.5m wide and 0
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Dublin Fig. 126: Plan of ‘road’
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Dublin Murray’s (1983, 43-57) stu
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Dublin Fig. 131: Plan of Type 5 Hou
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Dublin Two structures (‘E’ and
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Dublin Simpson, L. 1999. Director's
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Dublin Fig. 132: Aerial photograph
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Dublin The final phase was associat
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Dublin Rosepark, Co. Dublin 1. Earl
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Dublin Fig. 135: Phase II at Rosepa
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Dublin ‘St Gobban’, Kilgobbin,
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Dublin St Michael le Pole Ecclesias
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Dublin and significantly, the archa
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Dublin accurate, it further points
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Dublin Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reime
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Fermanagh County Fermanagh Fig. 141
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Fermanagh and measured approximatel
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Fermanagh Fig. 142: Schematic Plan
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Fermanagh Fig. 143: Enclosure at Bo
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Fermanagh Fig. 144: Excavated area
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Fermanagh Fig. 146: Plan of Lisdoo,
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Galway County Galway Fig. 148: Sign
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Galway Fig. 150: Plan of corner of
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Galway Fig. 151: Plan of enclosure
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Galway UB-7433 Adult female 954±31
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Galway Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reime
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Galway Fig. 153: Plan of early medi
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Galway Fig. 154: Cells and church a
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Galway isolated trench immediately
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Galway from the early medieval peri
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Galway Loughbown (1), Co. Galway Ea
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Galway Loughbown (2), Co. Galway Ea
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Galway Mackney, Co. Galway Early Me
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Galway Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reime
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Galway Fig. 159: Excavated area at
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Kerry County Kerry Fig. 160: Signif
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Kerry Radiocarbon dates support thi
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Kerry screen) that demarcated the c
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Kerry Ballyegan, Co. Kerry Early Me
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Kerry Beginish, Co. Kerry Early Med
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Kerry Fig. 163: Plan of House 1 at
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Kerry width) appears to have origin
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Kerry The fifteenth- to seventeenth
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Kerry Caherlehillan, Co. Kerry Earl
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Kerry 1996a, 1999b, 2000). This lat
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Kerry References Doyle, I. 2009. Me
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Kerry Church Island (Ballycarbery W
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Kerry included two hammer-stones, p
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Kerry Fig. 169: Plan of House 2, Ch
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Kerry Fig. 170: Plan of Clogher, Co
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Kerry A number of finds possibly as
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Kerry Fig. 171: Plan of cave at Clo
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Kerry Coarhabeg, Valentia Island Ea
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Kerry Dromthacker, Co. Kerry Early
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Kerry Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer
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Kerry nineteenth century and it is
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Kerry Fig. 177: Plan of rampart and
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Kerry Illaunloughan, Co. Kerry Earl
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Kerry Fig. 179: Plan of the Phase 1
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Kerry ‘Leacanabuaile’ (Kimego W
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Kerry Fig. 181: Plan of Leacanabuil
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Kerry Fig. 182: Aerial photograph o
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Kerry stones in the southeast and s
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Kerry surviving to a height of 0.90
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Kerry Fig. 185: Plan of Structures
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Kildare Killickaweeny, Co. Kildare
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Kildare close to Structure 1. It co
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Kildare ‘Maynooth Castle’ (Mayn
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Kildare Narraghmore, Co. Kildare Ea
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Kildare Pollardstown, Co. Kildare E
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Kilkenny Dunbell Big (5), Co. Kilke
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Kilkenny Dunbell Big (6), Co. Kilke
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Kilkenny Reference: Murthagh, B. 19
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Kilkenny A series of linear feature
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Kilkenny Loughboy, Co. Kilkenny Ear
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Laois County Laois Fig. 195: Signif
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Laois Fig. 196: Features at Parknah
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Limerick County Limerick Fig. 197:
Page 431 and 432:
Limerick Fig. 198: Plan of house fo
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Limerick backfilled deposit. The me
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Limerick ‘Carraig Aille I’ (Lou
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Limerick ‘Carraig Aille II’ (Lo
Page 439 and 440:
Limerick Fig. 202: Plan of Carraig
Page 441 and 442:
Limerick Finds from these houses an
Page 443 and 444:
Limerick Fig. 204: Excavated featur
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Limerick corner of the excavated ar
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Limerick the ‘enclosure’ is the
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Limerick was faced with stone. Ther
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Limerick Grange, Co. Limerick Early
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Limerick Fig. 207: Excavated areas
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Limerick no wattle- or postholes an
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Limerick Newtown, Co. Limerick Earl
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Limerick Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Rei
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Limerick Two burials were uncovered
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Limerick Sluggary, Co. Limerick Ear
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Londonderry County Londonderry Fig.
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Londonderry Fig. 214: Plan of house
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Londonderry Fig. 215: Early medieva
Page 471 and 472:
Londonderry Magheramenagh, Co. Lond
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Londonderry Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ
Page 475 and 476:
Longford Aghadegnan, Co. Longford E
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Longford References: Carroll, J. 19
Page 479 and 480:
Louth Balgatheran 1, Co. Louth Earl
Page 481 and 482:
Louth Balriggan, Co. Louth Early Me
Page 483 and 484:
Louth Balriggan was a large multi-p
Page 485 and 486:
Louth Carn More, Co. Louth Early Me
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Louth Faughart Lower, Co. Louth Ear
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Louth 65-82. Dublin. National Roads
Page 491 and 492:
Louth through the ditch showed that
Page 493 and 494:
Louth ‘Lissachiggel’, Doolargy,
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Louth Fig. 224: Detailed plan of ho
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Louth Archaeological investigations
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Louth central, L-shaped island of n
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Louth Fig. 227: Plan of Marshes Upp
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Louth Millockstown, Co. Louth Early
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Louth Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer
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Louth Fig. 229: Photograph of soute
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Mayo County Mayo Fig. 230: Signific
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Mayo Bofeenaun, Co. Mayo Early Medi
Page 513 and 514: Mayo Carrowkeel, Co. Mayo Early Med
Page 515 and 516: Mayo Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer,
Page 517 and 518: Mayo Fig. 234: Plan of ecclesiastic
Page 519 and 520: Mayo Letterkeen, Co. Mayo Early Med
Page 521 and 522: Mayo Fig. 237: Features near entran
Page 523 and 524: Mayo Fig. 238: Plan of excavated ar
Page 525 and 526: Mayo Moyne, Co. Mayo Early Medieval
Page 527 and 528: Meath County Meath Fig. 241: Signif
Page 529 and 530: Meath Fig. 242: Plan of excavations
Page 531 and 532: Meath Fig. 243: Plan of Augherskea,
Page 533 and 534: Meath was the burial of a horse’s
Page 535 and 536: Meath Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer
Page 537 and 538: Meath Betaghstown (Bettystown), Co.
Page 539 and 540: Meath Boolies Little, Co. Meath Ear
Page 541 and 542: Meath Castlefarm, Co. Meath Early M
Page 543 and 544: Meath Fig. 246: Enclosures at Castl
Page 545 and 546: Meath Cloncowan, Co. Meath Early Me
Page 547 and 548: Meath Collierstown 1, Co. Meath Ear
Page 549 and 550: Meath The Phase III enclosure consi
Page 553 and 554: Meath Fig. 249: Excavations at Colp
Page 555 and 556: Meath Fig. 250: Enclosures at Colp
Page 557 and 558: Meath Cormeen, Co. Meath Early Medi
Page 559 and 560: Meath fragment and frequent flint i
Page 561 and 562: Meath Fig. 252: Phases of enclosure
Page 563: Meath Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer
Page 569 and 570: Meath Kells, Co. Meath Early Mediev
Page 571 and 572: Meath Fifty two burials were reveal
Page 573 and 574: Meath Knowth, Co. Meath 1. Early Me
Page 577 and 578: Meath Period II occupation probably
Page 579 and 580: Meath References: Comber, M. 1997.
Page 581 and 582: Meath Fig. 258: Plan of enclosure a
Page 583 and 584: Meath Phase W was occupied c. A.D.
Page 585 and 586: Meath populated with good grazing l
Page 587 and 588: Meath Nevinstown, Co. Meath Early M
Page 589 and 590: Meath graves and were oriented slig
Page 591 and 592: Meath Immediately to the west was a
Page 593 and 594: Meath Kelly, E. P. 1976:020. Randal
Page 595 and 596: Meath miscellaneous scraps of metal
Page 597 and 598: Meath Beta-196366 Bone from linear
Page 599 and 600: Meath Raystown, Co. Meath Early Med
Page 601 and 602: Meath Raystown included evidence of
Page 605 and 606: Meath Roestown 2, Co. Meath Early M
Page 607 and 608: Meath Fig. 263: Phases from Roestow
Page 609 and 610: Meath St. Anne’s Chapel (Randalst
Page 611 and 612: Meath Simonstown, Co. Meath Early M
Page 613 and 614: Monaghan County Monaghan Fig. 264:
Page 615 and 616:
Monaghan north-east of the inner en
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Offaly ‘Ballinderry II’ (Ballyn
Page 619 and 620:
Offaly The early medieval crannog a
Page 621 and 622:
Offaly Ballintemple, Co. Offaly Ear
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Offaly Clonmacnoise, Co. Offaly Ear
Page 625 and 626:
Offaly A later roundhouse (7m diame
Page 627 and 628:
Offaly Fig. 269: Map of Clonmacnois
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Offaly Manning, C. 1995. Clonmacnoi
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Roscommon Cloongownagh, Co. Roscomm
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Roscommon Lennon, A-M. & Henry, M.
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Roscommon Grid Ref: M78818268 (1788
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Roscommon Fig. 272: Summary of 2004
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Sligo ‘Grange West’ (inc. Bally
Page 641 and 642:
Sligo Sample No. Context 14 C Date
Page 643 and 644:
Sligo Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer
Page 645 and 646:
Sligo Fig. 277: Plan of Promontory
Page 647 and 648:
Sligo Magheraboy, Co. Sligo Early M
Page 649 and 650:
Sligo Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer
Page 651 and 652:
Sligo Period III, a large mound of
Page 653 and 654:
Sligo (No plans were available for
Page 655 and 656:
Sligo Phase 4 was an open stony pla
Page 657 and 658:
Tipperary Bowling Green, Co. Tipper
Page 659 and 660:
Tipperary Cormac’s Chapel, St. Pa
Page 661 and 662:
Tipperary ‘Killederdadrum’ (Lac
Page 663 and 664:
Tipperary cemetery appears to have
Page 665 and 666:
Tipperary Fig. 284: Features excava
Page 667 and 668:
Tipperary Fig. 285: Plan of hut at
Page 669 and 670:
Tyrone Altanagh, Co. Tyrone Early M
Page 671 and 672:
Tyrone Clogher (Clogher Demesne td.
Page 673 and 674:
Tyrone UB-844 Charcoal with iron sm
Page 675 and 676:
Tyrone Fig. 290: Excavated area at
Page 677 and 678:
Tyrone Killyliss, Co. Tyrone Early
Page 679 and 680:
Tyrone Fig. 294: Section through di
Page 681 and 682:
Tyrone Fig. 295: Excavated features
Page 683 and 684:
Waterford Ballykilmurry, Co. Waterf
Page 685 and 686:
Waterford The cave was inhabited so
Page 687 and 688:
Waterford Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Re
Page 689 and 690:
Page 691 and 692:
Waterford The final phase of activi
Page 693 and 694:
Waterford Hiberno-Scandinavian Wate
Page 695 and 696:
Waterford There are a growing numbe
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Waterford reinforced by the additio
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Waterford 1989; Scully 1990). If th
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Waterford Layers of dumped organic
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Waterford At least fourteen plots w
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Waterford Street and High Street is
Page 707 and 708:
Waterford excavated evidence was co
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Waterford Structures were uncovered
Page 711 and 712:
Waterford An excavation at the corn
Page 713 and 714:
Waterford considerable assemblage o
Page 715 and 716:
Waterford al.]; editors: Terry Barr
Page 717 and 718:
Waterford Scully, O. 1992:175. Pete
Page 719 and 720:
Waterford Woodstown 6, Co. Waterfor
Page 721 and 722:
Waterford Stratified rotary sharpen
Page 723 and 724:
Page 725 and 726:
Westmeath County Westmeath Fig. 312
Page 727 and 728:
Westmeath leather, lignite, bone an
Page 729 and 730:
Westmeath were tilting dramatically
Page 731 and 732:
Westmeath Fig. 313: Aerial photogra
Page 733 and 734:
Westmeath structure. Further eviden
Page 735 and 736:
Westmeath Towards the end of the si
Page 737 and 738:
Westmeath Fig. 314: Plan of enclosu
Page 739 and 740:
Westmeath ‘Uisneach’ (Rathnew t
Page 741 and 742:
Wexford County Wexford Fig. 317: Si
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Wicklow County Wicklow Fig. 319: Si
Page 745 and 746:
Wicklow Fig. 320: Plan of sub-recta
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