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Meath Athlumney, Co. Meath Souterrain Complex and Scandinavian Burial Grid reference: N881336669 (288133/266695) SMR No: ME025-049 Excavation License No: 97E322; 98E0596 Excavation Duration/Year: September 1997, January - March 1999 Site director: E. O’Sullivan (Margaret Gowen and Co. Ltd.); C. Jones (Freelance) Four souterrains on the high east bank of the River Boyne, and a Scandinavian burial are recorded within the townland of Athlumney, Co. Meath in close proximity (Fig. 242). Two souterrains were identified within a quarry at Athlumney in a field above the flood-plain of the River Boyne. Subsequent test excavation in 1997 found that no archaeological features were associated with them within the areas investigated. Further excavation, in advance of the construction of a business park in 1999, revealed another two souterrains, an overlying occupation layer and several large ditches in the area. Souterrain 1 was truncated by the quarry and survived as a short section of passage and a small portion of a circular chamber. Souterrain 2 – which was preserved in good condition – had a ramped entrance, two rightangled left-hand turns in a gradually descending passage, a drop-creep, another short section of passage and a T-junction with a passage that terminated at each end in a beehive-shaped chamber. The entrance to the souterrain was deliberately blocked with a fill of midden material and stones. Only the top stones of Souterrain 3 were exposed and it was not excavated. The portion exposed was a 6.5m length of straight passage. A potential fourth souterrain was identified but not excavated. The exposed section revealed a dry-stone wall that was three courses high. It is likely this represented the outside souterrain passage wall. Two hearths and a shallow ditch were associated with an occupation layer that had not been disturbed by the quarry. Several large ditches were also discovered. All contained charcoal and/or animal bone. They appeared to represent multi-phase activity at the site because they did not form an integrated pattern that would suggest a single-phase enclosure. Finds were limited and included two bone pins, a glass bead, fragments of lignite bracelets, a bone bead, a few lithic flakes and some metal items. Carbonised remains of both domestic (oats, barley, rye and wheat) and wild plants were recovered. A Scandinavian presence is suggested in Athlumney by a horse skeleton that was found with a collection of horse furnishings and some human bones (Harrison 2001, 72). Downham (2003/04) suggests that the burial may be linked to the base at Rossnaree. However, it is more likely that the burial – accompanied with a mount, a bridle-bit, four bronze-plated iron rings and seven decorated plaques – belonged to a settlement, possibly a longphort site, at Athlumney on the eastern bank of the River Boyne (Clinton 2000, 386-8). Clinton (2000, 388) interprets the burial as being female which would imply a more permanent type of settlement whereas Harrison (2001, 65, 72) believes that the presence of a large amount of horse bones indicates the ritual deposition a male with a horse burial. Either way, it is more likely that this burial occurred in an area – where the rivers Blackwater and Boyne merge – that featured some form of Scandinavian settlement in the ninth century. 506
Meath Fig. 242: Plan of excavations at Athlumney, Co. Meath (after Jones 1999). References: Jones, C. 1999. Archaeological Excavations of Souterrains and Associated Features at the IDA Business Park, Athlumney, Navan. Unpub’d Excavation Report. Clinton, M. 2000. Settlement dynamics in Co. Meath: the kingdom of Lóegaire. Peritia 14, 372–406. Downham, C. 2003/04. The Vikings in southern Uí Néill to 1014. Peritia 17/18, 233–55. Harrison, S. 2001. Viking graves and grave-goods in Ireland, in A. Larsen (ed.) The Vikings in Ireland, 61–75. Roskilde. Viking Ship Museum. Jones, C. 1999:701. Souterrains, IDA Business Park, Kilcarn, Athlumney, Navan, Co. Meath. www.excavations.ie. O’Sullivan, E. 1997:424. Athlumney House, Kilcarn, Co. Meath, possible souterrain. www.excavations.ie. 507
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EARLY MEDIEVAL ARCHAEOLOGY PROJECT
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Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS
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Table of Contents Flemington, Co. D
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Table of Contents Castlefarm, Co. M
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List of Figures LIST OF FIGURES Fig
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List of Figures Fig. 91: Plan of en
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List of Figures Fig. 179: Plan of t
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List of Figures Fig. 269: Map of Cl
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Introduction 1. Introduction EMAP i
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Introduction commonly known by a pa
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Introduction Acknowledgments We wou
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County Antrim Fig. 1: Significant e
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Antrim Fig. 3: Plan of Antiville, C
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Antrim Armoy (Glebe td.), Co. Antri
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Antrim southward (e.g. 2004-2005 se
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Antrim represent a pendant or perso
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Antrim Fig. 4: Plan of Armoy showin
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Antrim Ballyaghagan, Co. Antrim Ear
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Antrim Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reime
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Antrim Fig. 9: Plan of Phase 2 hous
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Antrim Fig. 10: Plan of Ballymacash
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Page 45 and 46:
Antrim Fig. 13: Plan of interior of
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Antrim Fig. 14: Plan of enclosures
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Antrim Radiocarbon Dates (PJ Reimer
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Antrim Fig. 16: Plan of Ballyvollen
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Antrim Ballywee, Co. Antrim Early M
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Page 57 and 58:
Antrim Fig. 18: Site plan of excava
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Antrim ‘Craig Hill’ (Craig td.)
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Antrim Fig. 21: Plan of Craigywarre
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Antrim The mound was subsequently r
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Page 67 and 68:
Antrim ‘Doonmore’ (Cross td.),
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Antrim Fig. 25: Plan of House III a
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Antrim Fig. 26: Phase I occupation
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Antrim Dunsilly, Co. Antrim Early M
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Antrim 53
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Antrim References: Harper, A. E. T.
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Antrim ‘Larrybane’ (Knocksoghey
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Antrim Fig. 33: Plan of excavated a
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Antrim Fig. 35: Phase 1 roundhouse
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Antrim Fig. 36: Plan of interior of
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Antrim Fig. 37: Plan of Seacash, Co
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Antrim Shane’s Castle Park, Co. A
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Armagh County Armagh Fig. 39: Signi
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Armagh Fig. 40: Early Medieval exca
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Armagh Fig. 42: Excavations at Abbe
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Armagh Derry More, Co. Armagh Early
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Armagh Fig. 45: ‘Figure-of-eight
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Armagh Terryhoogan, Co. Armagh Earl
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Clare ‘Beal Boru’ (Ballyvally t
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Clare Fig. 48: Plan of excavated ar
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Clare The Harvard excavators identi
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Clare Cahircalla More, Co. Clare Ea
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Clare Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer
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Clare Clonmoney West, Co. Clare Ear
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Clare were associated with glass fr
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Clare The main and only major occup
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Clare Gragan West, Co. Clare Early
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Clare Inishcealtra, Co. Clare Eccle
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Clare Medieval Activity Significant
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Clare Fig. 54: Excavated areas of I
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Clare Fig. 55: Plan showing enclosu
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Clare Fig. 56: Plan of Thady’s Fo
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Cork Ballyarra, Co. Cork Unenclosed
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Cork Ballycatteen Fort, Co. Cork Ea
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Cork Fig. 59: Plan of Ballycatteen,
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Cork Structure III was a small buil
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Cork to the southern flat area of t
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Cork L-shaped enclosure Beta-165323
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Cork Fig. 61: Plan of St. Gobnet’
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Cork Fig. 62: Plan of enclosure and
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Cork layer of charcoal. The layer o
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Cork diagnostic furnace bottoms, or
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Cork Fig. 64: Plan of primary phase
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Cork Fig. 65: Plan of excavations a
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Cork The following is based on gene
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Cork Fig. 67: Plan of Scandinavian
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Cork low-lying marshy location of S
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Cork replaced part of the waterfron
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Cork property boundaries were align
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Cork and smaller plots. Type 4 buil
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Cork The remains of a Type 6 sill-b
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Cork References: Bradley, J., & Hal
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Cork Lennon, A. M. 2003. Grattan St
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Cork the point of a copper-alloy st
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Cork Garryduff I & II, Garryduff, C
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Cork Fig. 73: Plan of excavation at
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Cork charred oat grains and one cha
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Cork Lisduggan North 1, 2 & 3, Co.
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Cork Lisleagh II, Co. Cork Early Me
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Cork ‘Lisnacaheragh Fort’ (Garr
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Cork Fig. 77: Plan of Garranes, Co.
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Cork It appears that the three sout
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Cork Oldcourt, Co. Cork Early Medie
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Cork Park North, Midleton, Co. Cork
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Cork Raheens I, Co. Cork Early Medi
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Cork Raheens II, Co. Cork Early Med
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Cork Skahanagh North, Co. Cork Earl
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Donegal County Donegal Fig. 83: Sig
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Donegal Rinnaraw, Co. Donegal Early
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Donegal Fig. 86: Plan of ‘byre-ho
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Down County Down Fig. 88: Significa
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Down Fig. 89: Excavated areas at Ba
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Down Castleskreen Co. Down Early Me
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Down Fig. 93: Aerial photograph of
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Down Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer,
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Down Fig. 97: Structures in South P
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Down Fig. 98: Plan of Dunnyneill Is
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Down Gransha, Co. Down Early Mediev
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Down Lough Faughan Crannog (Ballyro
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Down Movilla Abbey, Co. Down Early
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Down Two medieval wells were excava
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Down Rathmullan Lower, Co. Down Ear
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Down Fig. 104: Plan of Phase 1 at R
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Down Tullylish, Co. Down Early Medi
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Down ‘White Fort’ (Drumaroad td
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Dublin Ballycullen, Old Court, Co.
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Dublin Ballynakelly, Co. Dublin Ear
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Dublin Areas’ D and E were simila
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Dublin Barnageeragh, Co. Dublin Ear
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Dublin Fig. 110: Settlement Enclosu
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Dublin Cherrywood (Site 18), Co. Du
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Dublin Fig. 113: Plan of Scandinavi
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Dublin Also, 55 E ware sherds, from
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Dublin ‘Dun Emer’, Lusk, Co. Du
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Dublin Fig. 117: Dun Emer Reconstru
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Dublin Flemington, Co. Dublin Early
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Dublin Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reime
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Dublin Fig. 120: Plan of Lusk (Afte
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Dublin Temple Bar West Grid referen
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Dublin Fig. 122: Plan of ninth-cent
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Dublin Fig. 124: Plan of eleventh-c
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Dublin century, was 2.5m wide and 0
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Dublin Fig. 126: Plan of ‘road’
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Dublin Murray’s (1983, 43-57) stu
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Dublin Fig. 131: Plan of Type 5 Hou
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Dublin Two structures (‘E’ and
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Dublin Simpson, L. 1999. Director's
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Dublin Fig. 132: Aerial photograph
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Dublin The final phase was associat
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Dublin Rosepark, Co. Dublin 1. Earl
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Dublin Fig. 135: Phase II at Rosepa
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Dublin ‘St Gobban’, Kilgobbin,
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Dublin St Michael le Pole Ecclesias
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Dublin and significantly, the archa
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Dublin accurate, it further points
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Dublin Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reime
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Fermanagh County Fermanagh Fig. 141
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Fermanagh and measured approximatel
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Fermanagh Fig. 142: Schematic Plan
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Fermanagh Fig. 143: Enclosure at Bo
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Fermanagh Fig. 144: Excavated area
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Fermanagh Fig. 146: Plan of Lisdoo,
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Galway County Galway Fig. 148: Sign
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Galway Fig. 150: Plan of corner of
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Galway Fig. 151: Plan of enclosure
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Galway UB-7433 Adult female 954±31
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Galway Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reime
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Galway Fig. 153: Plan of early medi
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Galway Fig. 154: Cells and church a
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Galway isolated trench immediately
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Galway from the early medieval peri
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Galway Loughbown (1), Co. Galway Ea
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Galway Loughbown (2), Co. Galway Ea
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Galway Mackney, Co. Galway Early Me
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Galway Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reime
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Galway Fig. 159: Excavated area at
Page 344 and 345:
Kerry County Kerry Fig. 160: Signif
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Kerry Radiocarbon dates support thi
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Kerry screen) that demarcated the c
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Kerry Ballyegan, Co. Kerry Early Me
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Kerry Beginish, Co. Kerry Early Med
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Kerry Fig. 163: Plan of House 1 at
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Kerry width) appears to have origin
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Kerry The fifteenth- to seventeenth
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Kerry Caherlehillan, Co. Kerry Earl
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Kerry 1996a, 1999b, 2000). This lat
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Kerry References Doyle, I. 2009. Me
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Kerry Church Island (Ballycarbery W
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Kerry included two hammer-stones, p
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Kerry Fig. 169: Plan of House 2, Ch
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Kerry Fig. 170: Plan of Clogher, Co
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Kerry A number of finds possibly as
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Kerry Fig. 171: Plan of cave at Clo
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Kerry Coarhabeg, Valentia Island Ea
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Kerry Dromthacker, Co. Kerry Early
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Kerry Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer
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Kerry nineteenth century and it is
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Kerry Fig. 177: Plan of rampart and
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Kerry Illaunloughan, Co. Kerry Earl
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Kerry Fig. 179: Plan of the Phase 1
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Kerry ‘Leacanabuaile’ (Kimego W
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Kerry Fig. 181: Plan of Leacanabuil
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Kerry Fig. 182: Aerial photograph o
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Kerry stones in the southeast and s
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Kerry surviving to a height of 0.90
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Kerry Fig. 185: Plan of Structures
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Kildare Killickaweeny, Co. Kildare
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Kildare close to Structure 1. It co
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Kildare ‘Maynooth Castle’ (Mayn
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Kildare Narraghmore, Co. Kildare Ea
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Kildare Pollardstown, Co. Kildare E
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Kilkenny Dunbell Big (5), Co. Kilke
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Kilkenny Dunbell Big (6), Co. Kilke
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Kilkenny Reference: Murthagh, B. 19
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Kilkenny A series of linear feature
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Kilkenny Loughboy, Co. Kilkenny Ear
Page 425 and 426:
Laois County Laois Fig. 195: Signif
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Laois Fig. 196: Features at Parknah
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Limerick County Limerick Fig. 197:
Page 431 and 432:
Limerick Fig. 198: Plan of house fo
Page 433 and 434:
Limerick backfilled deposit. The me
Page 435 and 436:
Limerick ‘Carraig Aille I’ (Lou
Page 437 and 438:
Limerick ‘Carraig Aille II’ (Lo
Page 439 and 440:
Limerick Fig. 202: Plan of Carraig
Page 441 and 442:
Limerick Finds from these houses an
Page 443 and 444:
Limerick Fig. 204: Excavated featur
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Limerick corner of the excavated ar
Page 447 and 448:
Limerick the ‘enclosure’ is the
Page 449 and 450:
Limerick was faced with stone. Ther
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Limerick Grange, Co. Limerick Early
Page 453 and 454:
Limerick Fig. 207: Excavated areas
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Limerick no wattle- or postholes an
Page 457 and 458:
Limerick Newtown, Co. Limerick Earl
Page 459 and 460:
Limerick Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Rei
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Limerick Two burials were uncovered
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Limerick Sluggary, Co. Limerick Ear
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Londonderry County Londonderry Fig.
Page 467 and 468:
Londonderry Fig. 214: Plan of house
Page 469 and 470:
Londonderry Fig. 215: Early medieva
Page 471 and 472:
Londonderry Magheramenagh, Co. Lond
Page 473 and 474:
Londonderry Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ
Page 475 and 476:
Longford Aghadegnan, Co. Longford E
Page 477 and 478: Longford References: Carroll, J. 19
Page 479 and 480: Louth Balgatheran 1, Co. Louth Earl
Page 481 and 482: Louth Balriggan, Co. Louth Early Me
Page 483 and 484: Louth Balriggan was a large multi-p
Page 485 and 486: Louth Carn More, Co. Louth Early Me
Page 487 and 488: Louth Faughart Lower, Co. Louth Ear
Page 489 and 490: Louth 65-82. Dublin. National Roads
Page 491 and 492: Louth through the ditch showed that
Page 493 and 494: Louth ‘Lissachiggel’, Doolargy,
Page 495 and 496: Louth Fig. 224: Detailed plan of ho
Page 497 and 498: Louth Archaeological investigations
Page 499 and 500: Louth central, L-shaped island of n
Page 501 and 502: Louth Fig. 227: Plan of Marshes Upp
Page 503 and 504: Louth Millockstown, Co. Louth Early
Page 505 and 506: Louth Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer
Page 507 and 508: Louth Fig. 229: Photograph of soute
Page 509 and 510: Mayo County Mayo Fig. 230: Signific
Page 511 and 512: Mayo Bofeenaun, Co. Mayo Early Medi
Page 513 and 514: Mayo Carrowkeel, Co. Mayo Early Med
Page 515 and 516: Mayo Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer,
Page 517 and 518: Mayo Fig. 234: Plan of ecclesiastic
Page 519 and 520: Mayo Letterkeen, Co. Mayo Early Med
Page 521 and 522: Mayo Fig. 237: Features near entran
Page 523 and 524: Mayo Fig. 238: Plan of excavated ar
Page 525 and 526: Mayo Moyne, Co. Mayo Early Medieval
Page 527: Meath County Meath Fig. 241: Signif
Page 531 and 532: Meath Fig. 243: Plan of Augherskea,
Page 533 and 534: Meath was the burial of a horse’s
Page 535 and 536: Meath Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer
Page 537 and 538: Meath Betaghstown (Bettystown), Co.
Page 539 and 540: Meath Boolies Little, Co. Meath Ear
Page 541 and 542: Meath Castlefarm, Co. Meath Early M
Page 543 and 544: Meath Fig. 246: Enclosures at Castl
Page 545 and 546: Meath Cloncowan, Co. Meath Early Me
Page 547 and 548: Meath Collierstown 1, Co. Meath Ear
Page 549 and 550: Meath The Phase III enclosure consi
Page 553 and 554: Meath Fig. 249: Excavations at Colp
Page 555 and 556: Meath Fig. 250: Enclosures at Colp
Page 557 and 558: Meath Cormeen, Co. Meath Early Medi
Page 559 and 560: Meath fragment and frequent flint i
Page 561 and 562: Meath Fig. 252: Phases of enclosure
Page 565 and 566: Meath Johnstown 1, Co. Meath Early
Page 569 and 570: Meath Kells, Co. Meath Early Mediev
Page 571 and 572: Meath Fifty two burials were reveal
Page 573 and 574: Meath Knowth, Co. Meath 1. Early Me
Page 577 and 578: Meath Period II occupation probably
Page 579 and 580:
Meath References: Comber, M. 1997.
Page 581 and 582:
Meath Fig. 258: Plan of enclosure a
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Meath Phase W was occupied c. A.D.
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Meath populated with good grazing l
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Meath Nevinstown, Co. Meath Early M
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Meath graves and were oriented slig
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Meath Immediately to the west was a
Page 593 and 594:
Meath Kelly, E. P. 1976:020. Randal
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Meath miscellaneous scraps of metal
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Meath Beta-196366 Bone from linear
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Meath Raystown, Co. Meath Early Med
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Meath Raystown included evidence of
Page 603 and 604:
Meath Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer
Page 605 and 606:
Meath Roestown 2, Co. Meath Early M
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Meath Fig. 263: Phases from Roestow
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Meath St. Anne’s Chapel (Randalst
Page 611 and 612:
Meath Simonstown, Co. Meath Early M
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Monaghan County Monaghan Fig. 264:
Page 615 and 616:
Monaghan north-east of the inner en
Page 617 and 618:
Offaly ‘Ballinderry II’ (Ballyn
Page 619 and 620:
Offaly The early medieval crannog a
Page 621 and 622:
Offaly Ballintemple, Co. Offaly Ear
Page 623 and 624:
Offaly Clonmacnoise, Co. Offaly Ear
Page 625 and 626:
Offaly A later roundhouse (7m diame
Page 627 and 628:
Offaly Fig. 269: Map of Clonmacnois
Page 629 and 630:
Offaly Manning, C. 1995. Clonmacnoi
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Roscommon Cloongownagh, Co. Roscomm
Page 633 and 634:
Roscommon Lennon, A-M. & Henry, M.
Page 635 and 636:
Roscommon Grid Ref: M78818268 (1788
Page 637 and 638:
Roscommon Fig. 272: Summary of 2004
Page 639 and 640:
Sligo ‘Grange West’ (inc. Bally
Page 641 and 642:
Sligo Sample No. Context 14 C Date
Page 643 and 644:
Sligo Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer
Page 645 and 646:
Sligo Fig. 277: Plan of Promontory
Page 647 and 648:
Sligo Magheraboy, Co. Sligo Early M
Page 649 and 650:
Sligo Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer
Page 651 and 652:
Sligo Period III, a large mound of
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Sligo (No plans were available for
Page 655 and 656:
Sligo Phase 4 was an open stony pla
Page 657 and 658:
Tipperary Bowling Green, Co. Tipper
Page 659 and 660:
Tipperary Cormac’s Chapel, St. Pa
Page 661 and 662:
Tipperary ‘Killederdadrum’ (Lac
Page 663 and 664:
Tipperary cemetery appears to have
Page 665 and 666:
Tipperary Fig. 284: Features excava
Page 667 and 668:
Tipperary Fig. 285: Plan of hut at
Page 669 and 670:
Tyrone Altanagh, Co. Tyrone Early M
Page 671 and 672:
Tyrone Clogher (Clogher Demesne td.
Page 673 and 674:
Tyrone UB-844 Charcoal with iron sm
Page 675 and 676:
Tyrone Fig. 290: Excavated area at
Page 677 and 678:
Tyrone Killyliss, Co. Tyrone Early
Page 679 and 680:
Tyrone Fig. 294: Section through di
Page 681 and 682:
Tyrone Fig. 295: Excavated features
Page 683 and 684:
Waterford Ballykilmurry, Co. Waterf
Page 685 and 686:
Waterford The cave was inhabited so
Page 687 and 688:
Waterford Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Re
Page 689 and 690:
Page 691 and 692:
Waterford The final phase of activi
Page 693 and 694:
Waterford Hiberno-Scandinavian Wate
Page 695 and 696:
Waterford There are a growing numbe
Page 697 and 698:
Waterford reinforced by the additio
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Waterford 1989; Scully 1990). If th
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Waterford Layers of dumped organic
Page 703 and 704:
Waterford At least fourteen plots w
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Waterford Street and High Street is
Page 707 and 708:
Waterford excavated evidence was co
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Waterford Structures were uncovered
Page 711 and 712:
Waterford An excavation at the corn
Page 713 and 714:
Waterford considerable assemblage o
Page 715 and 716:
Waterford al.]; editors: Terry Barr
Page 717 and 718:
Waterford Scully, O. 1992:175. Pete
Page 719 and 720:
Waterford Woodstown 6, Co. Waterfor
Page 721 and 722:
Waterford Stratified rotary sharpen
Page 723 and 724:
Page 725 and 726:
Westmeath County Westmeath Fig. 312
Page 727 and 728:
Westmeath leather, lignite, bone an
Page 729 and 730:
Westmeath were tilting dramatically
Page 731 and 732:
Westmeath Fig. 313: Aerial photogra
Page 733 and 734:
Westmeath structure. Further eviden
Page 735 and 736:
Westmeath Towards the end of the si
Page 737 and 738:
Westmeath Fig. 314: Plan of enclosu
Page 739 and 740:
Westmeath ‘Uisneach’ (Rathnew t
Page 741 and 742:
Wexford County Wexford Fig. 317: Si
Page 743 and 744:
Wicklow County Wicklow Fig. 319: Si
Page 745 and 746:
Wicklow Fig. 320: Plan of sub-recta
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