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Mayo Ardcloon, Co. Mayo Early Medieval Settlement Enclosure. Grid Ref: M26879737 (126877/297373) SMR No: MA070-072 Excavation Licence: N/A Excavation Duration/Year: 1954. Site Directors: E. Rynne (University College, Galway). The site consists of a bank-and-ditched enclosure set on the summit of a hill, and was threatened with destruction through a farm improvement scheme. The diameter of the site to the outer edge of the ditch was 58m, enclosing a central area of 40m-45m in diameter (Fig. 231). Excavation revealed that the lower layers of the bank were constructed from the up-cast of the ditch, and that the remainder of the bank was built up from material from elsewhere. The inner face of the bank was supported by a stone revetment, and a deposit of stones in the bottom of the ditch was interpreted as remains of a revetment for the outer face of the bank. The ditch appears to have been allowed to gradually silt up, although in the western stretch it was used as a dump for material from the interior of the site including animal bone and iron slag. There was little structural evidence in the interior. Two hearths were identified, and a bronze pin found from one of these provided the only diagnostic dating evidence from the site. A number of possible postholes were also identified (including one which contained two sherds of Beaker pottery), but no structural pattern was able to be discerned. The only other finds of significance from this site included an iron knife blade and four pieces of unrefined lead ore. Fig. 231: Plan of excavated area at Ardcloon, Co. Mayo (after Rynne 1956, 203). Reference: Rynne, E. 1956. Excavation of a ringfort at Ardcloon, Co. Mayo. Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland , 86, 203–14. 488
Mayo Bofeenaun, Co. Mayo Early Medieval Crannog. Grid Ref: G11290411 (111299/304116) SMR No: MA059-011 Excavation Licence: N/A Excavation Duration/Year: October 1992. Site Directors: M. Keane (Irish Archaeological Wetland Unit). The early medieval crannog at Bofeenaun, Lough More, Co. Mayo is an interesting site, being an artificially constructed islet with enclosing wooden palisade, yet its small size, form and on-site activities contrast with other, larger high-status sites. The crannog was located on the east shore of a small lake in a mountainous valley below Glen Nephin, Co, Mayo, an isolated location today which has little other archaeological evidence. The site was first discovered and recorded by local amateur archaeologists, Michael Flynn and Christy Lawless, and thereafter investigated by the Irish Archaeological Wetland Unit over a two week period in October 1992. The crannog was only one of a number of archaeological sites then exposed on the lakeshore, which included two fulachta fiadh, eighteen linear wooden structures (interpreted as deer traps), a submerged pine forest, quarries and a natural spring which emits iron ores. The crannog was situated on a natural knoll or promontory of peat jutting out into the water. There was a substantial depth of peat (over 6m) under the site and it stood only 0.46m above the drained level of the lake. The crannog was situated 29m from the dryland shoreline by a stretch of swampy ground but a possible stone and wooden causeway may have provided access to the site. This causeway was constructed of an irregular, linear arrangement of stakes and slabs and may have been underwater at the time of the site’s use. The crannog was oval in plan, measuring 14.6m by 11.8m. The edges of the site were defined by an enclosing wooden palisade of 82 vertical posts. This palisade was gapped and irregular and was typically constructed of a single row of roundwood oak, birch, hazel and willow posts (typically 0.12-0.18m diam.), but there was a double row of posts facing towards the shoreline. The palisade posts were quite short (0.65m-1m), suggesting that the palisade merely defined or reveted the edge of the mound, not standing to any great height or serving as a defensive feature. There may also have been a low bank of peat along the perimeter of the site, along its southern edge. A dendrochronological date of A.D. 804 ± 9 was obtained from a single oak timber. The surface of the crannog was defined by a single layer of stone flags, which had been partly washed away. The stones were densest near the palisade at the northeast side. There was no evidence for any house or hearth. There was a small amount of bone on the site, including cattle, horse and pig, along with some shed antler. There was some burnt bone, but this may have been as the result of industrial activity. Finds from the surface of the crannog included two stone mortars, a grinding stone, a hammer stone and two iron objects. The site was covered in a large quantity of iron slag, with at least 1845 pieces identified during the survey. Scientific analysis of a sample (74kg) of iron slag indicated that it had been produced during primary iron production activities with such diagnostic forms as tapped slags and furnace lining fragments. There was evidence for ore processing, the smelting and bloom smithing of iron and the forging of objects. There was some evidence for the spatial organisation of iron working on the site. Most of the iron slag was concentrated in an arc, just off the peak of the knoll, at the northeast side of the crannog, and it avoided the palisade on the south side. The furnace linings were all found at the northern end, just to the west of the main concentration of slag or waste. In other words, most of the iron production activity was concentrated at the north and northeast side of the island or to the right as one entered the crannog from the causeway. 489
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EARLY MEDIEVAL ARCHAEOLOGY PROJECT
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Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS
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Table of Contents Flemington, Co. D
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Table of Contents Castlefarm, Co. M
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List of Figures LIST OF FIGURES Fig
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List of Figures Fig. 91: Plan of en
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List of Figures Fig. 179: Plan of t
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List of Figures Fig. 269: Map of Cl
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Introduction 1. Introduction EMAP i
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Introduction commonly known by a pa
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Introduction Acknowledgments We wou
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County Antrim Fig. 1: Significant e
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Antrim Fig. 3: Plan of Antiville, C
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Antrim Armoy (Glebe td.), Co. Antri
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Antrim southward (e.g. 2004-2005 se
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Antrim represent a pendant or perso
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Antrim Fig. 4: Plan of Armoy showin
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Antrim Ballyaghagan, Co. Antrim Ear
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Antrim Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reime
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Antrim Fig. 9: Plan of Phase 2 hous
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Antrim Fig. 10: Plan of Ballymacash
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Page 45 and 46:
Antrim Fig. 13: Plan of interior of
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Antrim Fig. 14: Plan of enclosures
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Antrim Radiocarbon Dates (PJ Reimer
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Antrim Fig. 16: Plan of Ballyvollen
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Antrim Ballywee, Co. Antrim Early M
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Page 57 and 58:
Antrim Fig. 18: Site plan of excava
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Antrim ‘Craig Hill’ (Craig td.)
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Antrim Fig. 21: Plan of Craigywarre
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Antrim The mound was subsequently r
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Page 67 and 68:
Antrim ‘Doonmore’ (Cross td.),
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Antrim Fig. 25: Plan of House III a
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Antrim Fig. 26: Phase I occupation
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Antrim Dunsilly, Co. Antrim Early M
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Antrim 53
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Antrim References: Harper, A. E. T.
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Antrim ‘Larrybane’ (Knocksoghey
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Antrim Fig. 33: Plan of excavated a
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Antrim Fig. 35: Phase 1 roundhouse
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Antrim Fig. 36: Plan of interior of
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Antrim Fig. 37: Plan of Seacash, Co
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Antrim Shane’s Castle Park, Co. A
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Armagh County Armagh Fig. 39: Signi
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Armagh Fig. 40: Early Medieval exca
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Armagh Fig. 42: Excavations at Abbe
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Armagh Derry More, Co. Armagh Early
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Armagh Fig. 45: ‘Figure-of-eight
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Armagh Terryhoogan, Co. Armagh Earl
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Clare ‘Beal Boru’ (Ballyvally t
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Clare Fig. 48: Plan of excavated ar
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Clare The Harvard excavators identi
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Clare Cahircalla More, Co. Clare Ea
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Clare Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer
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Clare Clonmoney West, Co. Clare Ear
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Clare were associated with glass fr
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Clare The main and only major occup
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Clare Gragan West, Co. Clare Early
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Clare Inishcealtra, Co. Clare Eccle
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Clare Medieval Activity Significant
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Clare Fig. 54: Excavated areas of I
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Clare Fig. 55: Plan showing enclosu
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Clare Fig. 56: Plan of Thady’s Fo
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Cork Ballyarra, Co. Cork Unenclosed
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Cork Ballycatteen Fort, Co. Cork Ea
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Cork Fig. 59: Plan of Ballycatteen,
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Cork Structure III was a small buil
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Cork to the southern flat area of t
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Cork L-shaped enclosure Beta-165323
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Cork Fig. 61: Plan of St. Gobnet’
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Cork Fig. 62: Plan of enclosure and
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Cork layer of charcoal. The layer o
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Cork diagnostic furnace bottoms, or
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Cork Fig. 64: Plan of primary phase
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Cork Fig. 65: Plan of excavations a
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Cork The following is based on gene
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Cork Fig. 67: Plan of Scandinavian
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Cork low-lying marshy location of S
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Cork replaced part of the waterfron
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Cork property boundaries were align
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Cork and smaller plots. Type 4 buil
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Cork The remains of a Type 6 sill-b
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Cork References: Bradley, J., & Hal
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Cork Lennon, A. M. 2003. Grattan St
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Cork the point of a copper-alloy st
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Cork Garryduff I & II, Garryduff, C
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Cork Fig. 73: Plan of excavation at
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Cork charred oat grains and one cha
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Cork Lisduggan North 1, 2 & 3, Co.
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Cork Lisleagh II, Co. Cork Early Me
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Cork ‘Lisnacaheragh Fort’ (Garr
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Cork Fig. 77: Plan of Garranes, Co.
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Cork It appears that the three sout
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Cork Oldcourt, Co. Cork Early Medie
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Cork Park North, Midleton, Co. Cork
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Cork Raheens I, Co. Cork Early Medi
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Cork Raheens II, Co. Cork Early Med
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Cork Skahanagh North, Co. Cork Earl
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Donegal County Donegal Fig. 83: Sig
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Donegal Rinnaraw, Co. Donegal Early
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Donegal Fig. 86: Plan of ‘byre-ho
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Down County Down Fig. 88: Significa
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Down Fig. 89: Excavated areas at Ba
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Down Castleskreen Co. Down Early Me
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Down Fig. 93: Aerial photograph of
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Down Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer,
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Down Fig. 97: Structures in South P
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Down Fig. 98: Plan of Dunnyneill Is
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Down Gransha, Co. Down Early Mediev
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Down Lough Faughan Crannog (Ballyro
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Down Movilla Abbey, Co. Down Early
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Down Two medieval wells were excava
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Down Rathmullan Lower, Co. Down Ear
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Down Fig. 104: Plan of Phase 1 at R
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Down Tullylish, Co. Down Early Medi
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Down ‘White Fort’ (Drumaroad td
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Dublin Ballycullen, Old Court, Co.
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Dublin Ballynakelly, Co. Dublin Ear
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Dublin Areas’ D and E were simila
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Dublin Barnageeragh, Co. Dublin Ear
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Dublin Fig. 110: Settlement Enclosu
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Dublin Cherrywood (Site 18), Co. Du
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Dublin Fig. 113: Plan of Scandinavi
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Dublin Also, 55 E ware sherds, from
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Dublin ‘Dun Emer’, Lusk, Co. Du
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Dublin Fig. 117: Dun Emer Reconstru
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Dublin Flemington, Co. Dublin Early
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Dublin Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reime
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Dublin Fig. 120: Plan of Lusk (Afte
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Dublin Temple Bar West Grid referen
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Dublin Fig. 122: Plan of ninth-cent
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Dublin Fig. 124: Plan of eleventh-c
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Dublin century, was 2.5m wide and 0
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Dublin Fig. 126: Plan of ‘road’
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Dublin Murray’s (1983, 43-57) stu
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Dublin Fig. 131: Plan of Type 5 Hou
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Dublin Two structures (‘E’ and
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Dublin Simpson, L. 1999. Director's
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Dublin Fig. 132: Aerial photograph
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Dublin The final phase was associat
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Dublin Rosepark, Co. Dublin 1. Earl
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Dublin Fig. 135: Phase II at Rosepa
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Dublin ‘St Gobban’, Kilgobbin,
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Dublin St Michael le Pole Ecclesias
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Dublin and significantly, the archa
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Dublin accurate, it further points
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Dublin Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reime
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Fermanagh County Fermanagh Fig. 141
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Fermanagh and measured approximatel
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Fermanagh Fig. 142: Schematic Plan
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Fermanagh Fig. 143: Enclosure at Bo
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Fermanagh Fig. 144: Excavated area
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Fermanagh Fig. 146: Plan of Lisdoo,
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Galway County Galway Fig. 148: Sign
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Galway Fig. 150: Plan of corner of
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Galway Fig. 151: Plan of enclosure
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Galway UB-7433 Adult female 954±31
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Galway Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reime
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Galway Fig. 153: Plan of early medi
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Galway Fig. 154: Cells and church a
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Galway isolated trench immediately
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Galway from the early medieval peri
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Galway Loughbown (1), Co. Galway Ea
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Galway Loughbown (2), Co. Galway Ea
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Galway Mackney, Co. Galway Early Me
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Galway Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reime
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Galway Fig. 159: Excavated area at
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Kerry County Kerry Fig. 160: Signif
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Kerry Radiocarbon dates support thi
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Kerry screen) that demarcated the c
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Kerry Ballyegan, Co. Kerry Early Me
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Kerry Beginish, Co. Kerry Early Med
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Kerry Fig. 163: Plan of House 1 at
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Kerry width) appears to have origin
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Kerry The fifteenth- to seventeenth
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Kerry Caherlehillan, Co. Kerry Earl
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Kerry 1996a, 1999b, 2000). This lat
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Kerry References Doyle, I. 2009. Me
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Kerry Church Island (Ballycarbery W
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Kerry included two hammer-stones, p
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Kerry Fig. 169: Plan of House 2, Ch
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Kerry Fig. 170: Plan of Clogher, Co
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Kerry A number of finds possibly as
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Kerry Fig. 171: Plan of cave at Clo
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Kerry Coarhabeg, Valentia Island Ea
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Kerry Dromthacker, Co. Kerry Early
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Kerry Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer
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Kerry nineteenth century and it is
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Kerry Fig. 177: Plan of rampart and
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Kerry Illaunloughan, Co. Kerry Earl
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Kerry Fig. 179: Plan of the Phase 1
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Kerry ‘Leacanabuaile’ (Kimego W
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Kerry Fig. 181: Plan of Leacanabuil
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Kerry Fig. 182: Aerial photograph o
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Kerry stones in the southeast and s
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Kerry surviving to a height of 0.90
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Kerry Fig. 185: Plan of Structures
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Kildare Killickaweeny, Co. Kildare
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Kildare close to Structure 1. It co
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Kildare ‘Maynooth Castle’ (Mayn
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Kildare Narraghmore, Co. Kildare Ea
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Kildare Pollardstown, Co. Kildare E
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Kilkenny Dunbell Big (5), Co. Kilke
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Kilkenny Dunbell Big (6), Co. Kilke
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Kilkenny Reference: Murthagh, B. 19
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Kilkenny A series of linear feature
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Kilkenny Loughboy, Co. Kilkenny Ear
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Laois County Laois Fig. 195: Signif
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Laois Fig. 196: Features at Parknah
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Limerick County Limerick Fig. 197:
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Limerick Fig. 198: Plan of house fo
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Limerick backfilled deposit. The me
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Limerick ‘Carraig Aille I’ (Lou
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Limerick ‘Carraig Aille II’ (Lo
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Limerick Fig. 202: Plan of Carraig
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Limerick Finds from these houses an
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Limerick Fig. 204: Excavated featur
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Limerick corner of the excavated ar
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Limerick the ‘enclosure’ is the
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Limerick was faced with stone. Ther
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Limerick Grange, Co. Limerick Early
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Limerick Fig. 207: Excavated areas
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Limerick no wattle- or postholes an
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Limerick Newtown, Co. Limerick Earl
Page 459 and 460: Limerick Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Rei
Page 461 and 462: Limerick Two burials were uncovered
Page 463 and 464: Limerick Sluggary, Co. Limerick Ear
Page 465 and 466: Londonderry County Londonderry Fig.
Page 467 and 468: Londonderry Fig. 214: Plan of house
Page 469 and 470: Londonderry Fig. 215: Early medieva
Page 471 and 472: Londonderry Magheramenagh, Co. Lond
Page 473 and 474: Londonderry Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ
Page 475 and 476: Longford Aghadegnan, Co. Longford E
Page 477 and 478: Longford References: Carroll, J. 19
Page 479 and 480: Louth Balgatheran 1, Co. Louth Earl
Page 481 and 482: Louth Balriggan, Co. Louth Early Me
Page 483 and 484: Louth Balriggan was a large multi-p
Page 485 and 486: Louth Carn More, Co. Louth Early Me
Page 487 and 488: Louth Faughart Lower, Co. Louth Ear
Page 489 and 490: Louth 65-82. Dublin. National Roads
Page 491 and 492: Louth through the ditch showed that
Page 493 and 494: Louth ‘Lissachiggel’, Doolargy,
Page 495 and 496: Louth Fig. 224: Detailed plan of ho
Page 497 and 498: Louth Archaeological investigations
Page 499 and 500: Louth central, L-shaped island of n
Page 501 and 502: Louth Fig. 227: Plan of Marshes Upp
Page 503 and 504: Louth Millockstown, Co. Louth Early
Page 505 and 506: Louth Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer
Page 507 and 508: Louth Fig. 229: Photograph of soute
Page 509: Mayo County Mayo Fig. 230: Signific
Page 513 and 514: Mayo Carrowkeel, Co. Mayo Early Med
Page 515 and 516: Mayo Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer,
Page 517 and 518: Mayo Fig. 234: Plan of ecclesiastic
Page 519 and 520: Mayo Letterkeen, Co. Mayo Early Med
Page 521 and 522: Mayo Fig. 237: Features near entran
Page 523 and 524: Mayo Fig. 238: Plan of excavated ar
Page 525 and 526: Mayo Moyne, Co. Mayo Early Medieval
Page 527 and 528: Meath County Meath Fig. 241: Signif
Page 529 and 530: Meath Fig. 242: Plan of excavations
Page 531 and 532: Meath Fig. 243: Plan of Augherskea,
Page 533 and 534: Meath was the burial of a horse’s
Page 535 and 536: Meath Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer
Page 537 and 538: Meath Betaghstown (Bettystown), Co.
Page 539 and 540: Meath Boolies Little, Co. Meath Ear
Page 541 and 542: Meath Castlefarm, Co. Meath Early M
Page 543 and 544: Meath Fig. 246: Enclosures at Castl
Page 545 and 546: Meath Cloncowan, Co. Meath Early Me
Page 547 and 548: Meath Collierstown 1, Co. Meath Ear
Page 549 and 550: Meath The Phase III enclosure consi
Page 551 and 552: Meath Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer
Page 553 and 554: Meath Fig. 249: Excavations at Colp
Page 555 and 556: Meath Fig. 250: Enclosures at Colp
Page 557 and 558: Meath Cormeen, Co. Meath Early Medi
Page 559 and 560: Meath fragment and frequent flint i
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Meath Fig. 252: Phases of enclosure
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Meath Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer
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Meath Johnstown 1, Co. Meath Early
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Meath Kells, Co. Meath Early Mediev
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Meath Fifty two burials were reveal
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Meath Knowth, Co. Meath 1. Early Me
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Meath Period II occupation probably
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Meath References: Comber, M. 1997.
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Meath Fig. 258: Plan of enclosure a
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Meath Phase W was occupied c. A.D.
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Meath populated with good grazing l
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Meath Nevinstown, Co. Meath Early M
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Meath graves and were oriented slig
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Meath Immediately to the west was a
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Meath Kelly, E. P. 1976:020. Randal
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Meath miscellaneous scraps of metal
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Meath Beta-196366 Bone from linear
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Meath Raystown, Co. Meath Early Med
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Meath Raystown included evidence of
Page 603 and 604:
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Meath Roestown 2, Co. Meath Early M
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Meath Fig. 263: Phases from Roestow
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Meath St. Anne’s Chapel (Randalst
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Meath Simonstown, Co. Meath Early M
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Monaghan County Monaghan Fig. 264:
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Monaghan north-east of the inner en
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Offaly ‘Ballinderry II’ (Ballyn
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Offaly The early medieval crannog a
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Offaly Ballintemple, Co. Offaly Ear
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Offaly Clonmacnoise, Co. Offaly Ear
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Offaly A later roundhouse (7m diame
Page 627 and 628:
Offaly Fig. 269: Map of Clonmacnois
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Offaly Manning, C. 1995. Clonmacnoi
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Roscommon Cloongownagh, Co. Roscomm
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Roscommon Lennon, A-M. & Henry, M.
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Roscommon Grid Ref: M78818268 (1788
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Roscommon Fig. 272: Summary of 2004
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Sligo ‘Grange West’ (inc. Bally
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Sligo Sample No. Context 14 C Date
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Sligo Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer
Page 645 and 646:
Sligo Fig. 277: Plan of Promontory
Page 647 and 648:
Sligo Magheraboy, Co. Sligo Early M
Page 649 and 650:
Sligo Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer
Page 651 and 652:
Sligo Period III, a large mound of
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Sligo (No plans were available for
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Sligo Phase 4 was an open stony pla
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Tipperary Bowling Green, Co. Tipper
Page 659 and 660:
Tipperary Cormac’s Chapel, St. Pa
Page 661 and 662:
Tipperary ‘Killederdadrum’ (Lac
Page 663 and 664:
Tipperary cemetery appears to have
Page 665 and 666:
Tipperary Fig. 284: Features excava
Page 667 and 668:
Tipperary Fig. 285: Plan of hut at
Page 669 and 670:
Tyrone Altanagh, Co. Tyrone Early M
Page 671 and 672:
Tyrone Clogher (Clogher Demesne td.
Page 673 and 674:
Tyrone UB-844 Charcoal with iron sm
Page 675 and 676:
Tyrone Fig. 290: Excavated area at
Page 677 and 678:
Tyrone Killyliss, Co. Tyrone Early
Page 679 and 680:
Tyrone Fig. 294: Section through di
Page 681 and 682:
Tyrone Fig. 295: Excavated features
Page 683 and 684:
Waterford Ballykilmurry, Co. Waterf
Page 685 and 686:
Waterford The cave was inhabited so
Page 687 and 688:
Waterford Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Re
Page 689 and 690:
Page 691 and 692:
Waterford The final phase of activi
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Waterford Hiberno-Scandinavian Wate
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Waterford There are a growing numbe
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Waterford reinforced by the additio
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Waterford 1989; Scully 1990). If th
Page 701 and 702:
Waterford Layers of dumped organic
Page 703 and 704:
Waterford At least fourteen plots w
Page 705 and 706:
Waterford Street and High Street is
Page 707 and 708:
Waterford excavated evidence was co
Page 709 and 710:
Waterford Structures were uncovered
Page 711 and 712:
Waterford An excavation at the corn
Page 713 and 714:
Waterford considerable assemblage o
Page 715 and 716:
Waterford al.]; editors: Terry Barr
Page 717 and 718:
Waterford Scully, O. 1992:175. Pete
Page 719 and 720:
Waterford Woodstown 6, Co. Waterfor
Page 721 and 722:
Waterford Stratified rotary sharpen
Page 723 and 724:
Page 725 and 726:
Westmeath County Westmeath Fig. 312
Page 727 and 728:
Westmeath leather, lignite, bone an
Page 729 and 730:
Westmeath were tilting dramatically
Page 731 and 732:
Westmeath Fig. 313: Aerial photogra
Page 733 and 734:
Westmeath structure. Further eviden
Page 735 and 736:
Westmeath Towards the end of the si
Page 737 and 738:
Westmeath Fig. 314: Plan of enclosu
Page 739 and 740:
Westmeath ‘Uisneach’ (Rathnew t
Page 741 and 742:
Wexford County Wexford Fig. 317: Si
Page 743 and 744:
Wicklow County Wicklow Fig. 319: Si
Page 745 and 746:
Wicklow Fig. 320: Plan of sub-recta
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