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Kildare of gullies were identified outside the building and may represent the foundations of ancillary structures or shelters. It is uncertain if this was a house, potentially later than the round house, or a building used for industrial activity. There was a higher presence of industrial waste in pits close to the building whereas, conversely, the pits close to the round house contained less industrial waste and higher charred cereal remains indicative of food refuse. Two glass beads were retrieved from features close to Structure II. The ironworking area (Metalworking Area A) was located immediately north of Structures’ II and III. Both furnaces and smithing hearths were identified in this area as the heat-scorched bowl depressions contained both smelting and smithing slags. The presence of hammer-scale within the hearths and the gully surrounding Structure II further attests to iron smithing at Killickaweeny. Another find, indicative of ironworking, was a tuyère, which was recovered from an abandonment fill of the well, close to the bowl furnaces. A number of gullies in this area probably supported shelters around the ironworking features. Eighty six kilograms of iron slag were retrieved from the site and the majority came from features in the immediate vicinity of the ironworking area including the well and enclosure ditch. Most of the slag was related to smelting activities but smithing slag was also identified in lower quantities. Immediately to the north of Structure II was a square-shaped building defined by four evenly spaced stone-packed postholes. Structure IV measured approximately 2m southwestnortheast and 2.7m southeast-northwest. The poles may have supported an elevated grain store but its location within the area utilised for ironworking suggests it could have been a hut or shelter related to industrial activities. Structure III survived as a shallow penannular-shaped gully to the immediate west of Structure II. It measured 5m in diameter and would also have been situated beside the enclosure bank. It may have been another structure related to industrial activity or was perhaps a barn or another farm out-building. Other features within the settlement enclosure included a funnelled pit in the south-western area. It was located close to the round house and may have collected and stored water for domestic use. A large iron possible candlestick holder was retrieved from the upper fill of this pit. The well was located close to the ironworking area and naturally filled with water. The water could have been used for both industrial and domestic use. Its upper fill contained metallurgical waste which demonstrates that it had gone out of use while the occupants continued to forge and mend iron objects. Other finds from the well included a grindstone and a wooden rod. The well, along with another pit in the enclosure, were dated between the mid seventh and late ninth centuries. It was noteworthy that archaeological features were mostly absent north of the linear internal division and this area was probably used for livestock management. This shallow linear gully may have supported a fence which divided the living and livestock areas within the settlement. Another industrial area (Metalworking Area B) was located outside the enclosure within the confines of the earliest enclosure to the north of the site. A large figure-of-eight shaped smithing hearth was identified in this area. Artefacts, other than those mentioned discovered during excavation, included two further glass beads, a possible shears blade, an iron needle, iron nails, fragments of copper alloy tubing, a small quantity of lithics, and bone needles. Animal bone was discovered from all pits within the enclosure. Cattle dominated the assemblage and the minimum number of individuals (MNI) was 27. Cut and crush marks were visible on the bone. The number of sheep/goat and pigs were similar. The MNI for the former was 18 and it was 14 for the latter. The bones of horses, dogs, a cat and birds were also identified. The richest assemblage of charred seeds at Killickaweeny 1 came from a pit 384
Kildare close to Structure 1. It contained roughly equal amounts of wheat, barley and oats, in addition to a possible grain of rye. The best-represented cereal from the settlement was barley. Killickaweeny was a large enclosed early medieval farmstead that revealed defined areas within the settlement related to domestic and craft activities, metalworking and animal management. The family that resided here, over a couple of generations, lived a relatively comfortable lifestyle although the lack of exotic items or evidence for non-ferrous metallurgy suggests they did not belong to the noble social grades. Killickaweeny is an informative example of what may have been a typical early medieval enclosed farmstead including a dwelling surrounded by farm buildings. Animals were kept in the northern part of the enclosure and the family and their retainers were engaged in a range of subsistence agricultural and industrial activities probably divided according to gender and status within the kin group. Fig. 187: Plan of Killickaweeny, Co. Kildare (after Walsh 2008, 28). 385
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EARLY MEDIEVAL ARCHAEOLOGY PROJECT
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Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS
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Table of Contents Flemington, Co. D
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Table of Contents Castlefarm, Co. M
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List of Figures LIST OF FIGURES Fig
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List of Figures Fig. 91: Plan of en
Page 13 and 14:
List of Figures Fig. 179: Plan of t
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List of Figures Fig. 269: Map of Cl
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Introduction 1. Introduction EMAP i
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Introduction commonly known by a pa
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Introduction Acknowledgments We wou
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County Antrim Fig. 1: Significant e
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Antrim Fig. 3: Plan of Antiville, C
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Antrim Armoy (Glebe td.), Co. Antri
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Antrim southward (e.g. 2004-2005 se
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Antrim represent a pendant or perso
Page 33 and 34:
Antrim Fig. 4: Plan of Armoy showin
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Antrim Ballyaghagan, Co. Antrim Ear
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Antrim Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reime
Page 39 and 40:
Antrim Fig. 9: Plan of Phase 2 hous
Page 41 and 42:
Antrim Fig. 10: Plan of Ballymacash
Page 43 and 44:
Page 45 and 46:
Antrim Fig. 13: Plan of interior of
Page 47 and 48:
Antrim Fig. 14: Plan of enclosures
Page 49 and 50:
Antrim Radiocarbon Dates (PJ Reimer
Page 51 and 52:
Antrim Fig. 16: Plan of Ballyvollen
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Antrim Ballywee, Co. Antrim Early M
Page 55 and 56:
Page 57 and 58:
Antrim Fig. 18: Site plan of excava
Page 59 and 60:
Antrim ‘Craig Hill’ (Craig td.)
Page 61 and 62:
Antrim Fig. 21: Plan of Craigywarre
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Antrim The mound was subsequently r
Page 65 and 66:
Page 67 and 68:
Antrim ‘Doonmore’ (Cross td.),
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Antrim Fig. 25: Plan of House III a
Page 71 and 72:
Antrim Fig. 26: Phase I occupation
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Antrim Dunsilly, Co. Antrim Early M
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Antrim 53
Page 77 and 78:
Antrim References: Harper, A. E. T.
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Antrim ‘Larrybane’ (Knocksoghey
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Antrim Fig. 33: Plan of excavated a
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Antrim Fig. 35: Phase 1 roundhouse
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Antrim Fig. 36: Plan of interior of
Page 87 and 88:
Antrim Fig. 37: Plan of Seacash, Co
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Antrim Shane’s Castle Park, Co. A
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Armagh County Armagh Fig. 39: Signi
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Armagh Fig. 40: Early Medieval exca
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Armagh Fig. 42: Excavations at Abbe
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Armagh Derry More, Co. Armagh Early
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Armagh Fig. 45: ‘Figure-of-eight
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Armagh Terryhoogan, Co. Armagh Earl
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Clare ‘Beal Boru’ (Ballyvally t
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Clare Fig. 48: Plan of excavated ar
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Clare The Harvard excavators identi
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Clare Cahircalla More, Co. Clare Ea
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Clare Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer
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Clare Clonmoney West, Co. Clare Ear
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Clare were associated with glass fr
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Clare The main and only major occup
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Clare Gragan West, Co. Clare Early
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Clare Inishcealtra, Co. Clare Eccle
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Clare Medieval Activity Significant
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Clare Fig. 54: Excavated areas of I
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Clare Fig. 55: Plan showing enclosu
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Clare Fig. 56: Plan of Thady’s Fo
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Cork Ballyarra, Co. Cork Unenclosed
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Cork Ballycatteen Fort, Co. Cork Ea
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Cork Fig. 59: Plan of Ballycatteen,
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Cork Structure III was a small buil
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Cork to the southern flat area of t
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Cork L-shaped enclosure Beta-165323
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Cork Fig. 61: Plan of St. Gobnet’
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Cork Fig. 62: Plan of enclosure and
Page 147 and 148:
Cork layer of charcoal. The layer o
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Cork diagnostic furnace bottoms, or
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Cork Fig. 64: Plan of primary phase
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Cork Fig. 65: Plan of excavations a
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Cork The following is based on gene
Page 158 and 159:
Cork Fig. 67: Plan of Scandinavian
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Cork low-lying marshy location of S
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Cork replaced part of the waterfron
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Cork property boundaries were align
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Cork and smaller plots. Type 4 buil
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Cork The remains of a Type 6 sill-b
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Cork References: Bradley, J., & Hal
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Cork Lennon, A. M. 2003. Grattan St
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Cork the point of a copper-alloy st
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Cork Garryduff I & II, Garryduff, C
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Cork Fig. 73: Plan of excavation at
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Cork charred oat grains and one cha
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Cork Lisduggan North 1, 2 & 3, Co.
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Cork Lisleagh II, Co. Cork Early Me
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Cork ‘Lisnacaheragh Fort’ (Garr
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Cork Fig. 77: Plan of Garranes, Co.
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Cork It appears that the three sout
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Cork Oldcourt, Co. Cork Early Medie
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Cork Park North, Midleton, Co. Cork
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Cork Raheens I, Co. Cork Early Medi
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Cork Raheens II, Co. Cork Early Med
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Cork Skahanagh North, Co. Cork Earl
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Donegal County Donegal Fig. 83: Sig
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Donegal Rinnaraw, Co. Donegal Early
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Donegal Fig. 86: Plan of ‘byre-ho
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Down County Down Fig. 88: Significa
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Down Fig. 89: Excavated areas at Ba
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Down Castleskreen Co. Down Early Me
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Down Fig. 93: Aerial photograph of
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Down Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer,
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Down Fig. 97: Structures in South P
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Down Fig. 98: Plan of Dunnyneill Is
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Down Gransha, Co. Down Early Mediev
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Down Lough Faughan Crannog (Ballyro
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Down Movilla Abbey, Co. Down Early
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Down Two medieval wells were excava
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Down Rathmullan Lower, Co. Down Ear
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Down Fig. 104: Plan of Phase 1 at R
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Down Tullylish, Co. Down Early Medi
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Down ‘White Fort’ (Drumaroad td
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Dublin Ballycullen, Old Court, Co.
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Dublin Ballynakelly, Co. Dublin Ear
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Dublin Areas’ D and E were simila
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Dublin Barnageeragh, Co. Dublin Ear
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Dublin Fig. 110: Settlement Enclosu
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Dublin Cherrywood (Site 18), Co. Du
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Dublin Fig. 113: Plan of Scandinavi
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Dublin Also, 55 E ware sherds, from
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Dublin ‘Dun Emer’, Lusk, Co. Du
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Dublin Fig. 117: Dun Emer Reconstru
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Dublin Flemington, Co. Dublin Early
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Dublin Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reime
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Dublin Fig. 120: Plan of Lusk (Afte
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Dublin Temple Bar West Grid referen
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Dublin Fig. 122: Plan of ninth-cent
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Dublin Fig. 124: Plan of eleventh-c
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Dublin century, was 2.5m wide and 0
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Dublin Fig. 126: Plan of ‘road’
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Dublin Murray’s (1983, 43-57) stu
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Dublin Fig. 131: Plan of Type 5 Hou
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Dublin Two structures (‘E’ and
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Dublin Simpson, L. 1999. Director's
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Dublin Fig. 132: Aerial photograph
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Dublin The final phase was associat
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Dublin Rosepark, Co. Dublin 1. Earl
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Dublin Fig. 135: Phase II at Rosepa
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Dublin ‘St Gobban’, Kilgobbin,
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Dublin St Michael le Pole Ecclesias
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Dublin and significantly, the archa
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Dublin accurate, it further points
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Dublin Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reime
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Fermanagh County Fermanagh Fig. 141
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Fermanagh and measured approximatel
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Fermanagh Fig. 142: Schematic Plan
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Fermanagh Fig. 143: Enclosure at Bo
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Fermanagh Fig. 144: Excavated area
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Fermanagh Fig. 146: Plan of Lisdoo,
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Galway County Galway Fig. 148: Sign
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Galway Fig. 150: Plan of corner of
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Galway Fig. 151: Plan of enclosure
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Galway UB-7433 Adult female 954±31
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Galway Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reime
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Galway Fig. 153: Plan of early medi
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Galway Fig. 154: Cells and church a
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Galway isolated trench immediately
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Galway from the early medieval peri
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Galway Loughbown (1), Co. Galway Ea
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Galway Loughbown (2), Co. Galway Ea
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Galway Mackney, Co. Galway Early Me
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Galway Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reime
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Galway Fig. 159: Excavated area at
Page 344 and 345:
Kerry County Kerry Fig. 160: Signif
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Kerry Radiocarbon dates support thi
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Kerry screen) that demarcated the c
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Kerry Ballyegan, Co. Kerry Early Me
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Kerry Beginish, Co. Kerry Early Med
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Kerry Fig. 163: Plan of House 1 at
Page 356 and 357: Kerry width) appears to have origin
Page 358 and 359: Kerry The fifteenth- to seventeenth
Page 360 and 361: Kerry Caherlehillan, Co. Kerry Earl
Page 362 and 363: Kerry 1996a, 1999b, 2000). This lat
Page 364 and 365: Kerry References Doyle, I. 2009. Me
Page 366 and 367: Kerry Church Island (Ballycarbery W
Page 368 and 369: Kerry included two hammer-stones, p
Page 370 and 371: Kerry Fig. 169: Plan of House 2, Ch
Page 372 and 373: Kerry Fig. 170: Plan of Clogher, Co
Page 374 and 375: Kerry A number of finds possibly as
Page 376 and 377: Kerry Fig. 171: Plan of cave at Clo
Page 378 and 379: Kerry Coarhabeg, Valentia Island Ea
Page 380 and 381: Kerry Dromthacker, Co. Kerry Early
Page 382 and 383: Kerry Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer
Page 384 and 385: Kerry nineteenth century and it is
Page 386 and 387: Kerry Fig. 177: Plan of rampart and
Page 388 and 389: Kerry Illaunloughan, Co. Kerry Earl
Page 390 and 391: Kerry Fig. 179: Plan of the Phase 1
Page 392 and 393: Kerry ‘Leacanabuaile’ (Kimego W
Page 394 and 395: Kerry Fig. 181: Plan of Leacanabuil
Page 396 and 397: Kerry Fig. 182: Aerial photograph o
Page 398 and 399: Kerry stones in the southeast and s
Page 400 and 401: Kerry surviving to a height of 0.90
Page 402 and 403: Kerry Fig. 185: Plan of Structures
Page 405: Kildare Killickaweeny, Co. Kildare
Page 409 and 410: Kildare ‘Maynooth Castle’ (Mayn
Page 411 and 412: Kildare Narraghmore, Co. Kildare Ea
Page 413 and 414: Kildare Pollardstown, Co. Kildare E
Page 415 and 416: Kilkenny Dunbell Big (5), Co. Kilke
Page 417 and 418: Kilkenny Dunbell Big (6), Co. Kilke
Page 419 and 420: Kilkenny Reference: Murthagh, B. 19
Page 421 and 422: Kilkenny A series of linear feature
Page 423 and 424: Kilkenny Loughboy, Co. Kilkenny Ear
Page 425 and 426: Laois County Laois Fig. 195: Signif
Page 427 and 428: Laois Fig. 196: Features at Parknah
Page 429 and 430: Limerick County Limerick Fig. 197:
Page 431 and 432: Limerick Fig. 198: Plan of house fo
Page 433 and 434: Limerick backfilled deposit. The me
Page 435 and 436: Limerick ‘Carraig Aille I’ (Lou
Page 437 and 438: Limerick ‘Carraig Aille II’ (Lo
Page 439 and 440: Limerick Fig. 202: Plan of Carraig
Page 441 and 442: Limerick Finds from these houses an
Page 443 and 444: Limerick Fig. 204: Excavated featur
Page 445 and 446: Limerick corner of the excavated ar
Page 447 and 448: Limerick the ‘enclosure’ is the
Page 449 and 450: Limerick was faced with stone. Ther
Page 451 and 452: Limerick Grange, Co. Limerick Early
Page 453 and 454: Limerick Fig. 207: Excavated areas
Page 455 and 456: Limerick no wattle- or postholes an
Page 457 and 458:
Limerick Newtown, Co. Limerick Earl
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Limerick Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Rei
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Limerick Two burials were uncovered
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Limerick Sluggary, Co. Limerick Ear
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Londonderry County Londonderry Fig.
Page 467 and 468:
Londonderry Fig. 214: Plan of house
Page 469 and 470:
Londonderry Fig. 215: Early medieva
Page 471 and 472:
Londonderry Magheramenagh, Co. Lond
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Londonderry Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ
Page 475 and 476:
Longford Aghadegnan, Co. Longford E
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Longford References: Carroll, J. 19
Page 479 and 480:
Louth Balgatheran 1, Co. Louth Earl
Page 481 and 482:
Louth Balriggan, Co. Louth Early Me
Page 483 and 484:
Louth Balriggan was a large multi-p
Page 485 and 486:
Louth Carn More, Co. Louth Early Me
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Louth Faughart Lower, Co. Louth Ear
Page 489 and 490:
Louth 65-82. Dublin. National Roads
Page 491 and 492:
Louth through the ditch showed that
Page 493 and 494:
Louth ‘Lissachiggel’, Doolargy,
Page 495 and 496:
Louth Fig. 224: Detailed plan of ho
Page 497 and 498:
Louth Archaeological investigations
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Louth central, L-shaped island of n
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Louth Fig. 227: Plan of Marshes Upp
Page 503 and 504:
Louth Millockstown, Co. Louth Early
Page 505 and 506:
Louth Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer
Page 507 and 508:
Louth Fig. 229: Photograph of soute
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Mayo County Mayo Fig. 230: Signific
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Mayo Bofeenaun, Co. Mayo Early Medi
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Mayo Carrowkeel, Co. Mayo Early Med
Page 515 and 516:
Mayo Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer,
Page 517 and 518:
Mayo Fig. 234: Plan of ecclesiastic
Page 519 and 520:
Mayo Letterkeen, Co. Mayo Early Med
Page 521 and 522:
Mayo Fig. 237: Features near entran
Page 523 and 524:
Mayo Fig. 238: Plan of excavated ar
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Mayo Moyne, Co. Mayo Early Medieval
Page 527 and 528:
Meath County Meath Fig. 241: Signif
Page 529 and 530:
Meath Fig. 242: Plan of excavations
Page 531 and 532:
Meath Fig. 243: Plan of Augherskea,
Page 533 and 534:
Meath was the burial of a horse’s
Page 535 and 536:
Meath Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer
Page 537 and 538:
Meath Betaghstown (Bettystown), Co.
Page 539 and 540:
Meath Boolies Little, Co. Meath Ear
Page 541 and 542:
Meath Castlefarm, Co. Meath Early M
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Meath Fig. 246: Enclosures at Castl
Page 545 and 546:
Meath Cloncowan, Co. Meath Early Me
Page 547 and 548:
Meath Collierstown 1, Co. Meath Ear
Page 549 and 550:
Meath The Phase III enclosure consi
Page 551 and 552:
Page 553 and 554:
Meath Fig. 249: Excavations at Colp
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Meath Fig. 250: Enclosures at Colp
Page 557 and 558:
Meath Cormeen, Co. Meath Early Medi
Page 559 and 560:
Meath fragment and frequent flint i
Page 561 and 562:
Meath Fig. 252: Phases of enclosure
Page 563 and 564:
Page 565 and 566:
Meath Johnstown 1, Co. Meath Early
Page 567 and 568:
Page 569 and 570:
Meath Kells, Co. Meath Early Mediev
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Meath Fifty two burials were reveal
Page 573 and 574:
Meath Knowth, Co. Meath 1. Early Me
Page 575 and 576:
Page 577 and 578:
Meath Period II occupation probably
Page 579 and 580:
Meath References: Comber, M. 1997.
Page 581 and 582:
Meath Fig. 258: Plan of enclosure a
Page 583 and 584:
Meath Phase W was occupied c. A.D.
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Meath populated with good grazing l
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Meath Nevinstown, Co. Meath Early M
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Meath graves and were oriented slig
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Meath Immediately to the west was a
Page 593 and 594:
Meath Kelly, E. P. 1976:020. Randal
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Meath miscellaneous scraps of metal
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Meath Beta-196366 Bone from linear
Page 599 and 600:
Meath Raystown, Co. Meath Early Med
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Meath Raystown included evidence of
Page 603 and 604:
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Meath Roestown 2, Co. Meath Early M
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Meath Fig. 263: Phases from Roestow
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Meath St. Anne’s Chapel (Randalst
Page 611 and 612:
Meath Simonstown, Co. Meath Early M
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Monaghan County Monaghan Fig. 264:
Page 615 and 616:
Monaghan north-east of the inner en
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Offaly ‘Ballinderry II’ (Ballyn
Page 619 and 620:
Offaly The early medieval crannog a
Page 621 and 622:
Offaly Ballintemple, Co. Offaly Ear
Page 623 and 624:
Offaly Clonmacnoise, Co. Offaly Ear
Page 625 and 626:
Offaly A later roundhouse (7m diame
Page 627 and 628:
Offaly Fig. 269: Map of Clonmacnois
Page 629 and 630:
Offaly Manning, C. 1995. Clonmacnoi
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Roscommon Cloongownagh, Co. Roscomm
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Roscommon Lennon, A-M. & Henry, M.
Page 635 and 636:
Roscommon Grid Ref: M78818268 (1788
Page 637 and 638:
Roscommon Fig. 272: Summary of 2004
Page 639 and 640:
Sligo ‘Grange West’ (inc. Bally
Page 641 and 642:
Sligo Sample No. Context 14 C Date
Page 643 and 644:
Sligo Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer
Page 645 and 646:
Sligo Fig. 277: Plan of Promontory
Page 647 and 648:
Sligo Magheraboy, Co. Sligo Early M
Page 649 and 650:
Sligo Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer
Page 651 and 652:
Sligo Period III, a large mound of
Page 653 and 654:
Sligo (No plans were available for
Page 655 and 656:
Sligo Phase 4 was an open stony pla
Page 657 and 658:
Tipperary Bowling Green, Co. Tipper
Page 659 and 660:
Tipperary Cormac’s Chapel, St. Pa
Page 661 and 662:
Tipperary ‘Killederdadrum’ (Lac
Page 663 and 664:
Tipperary cemetery appears to have
Page 665 and 666:
Tipperary Fig. 284: Features excava
Page 667 and 668:
Tipperary Fig. 285: Plan of hut at
Page 669 and 670:
Tyrone Altanagh, Co. Tyrone Early M
Page 671 and 672:
Tyrone Clogher (Clogher Demesne td.
Page 673 and 674:
Tyrone UB-844 Charcoal with iron sm
Page 675 and 676:
Tyrone Fig. 290: Excavated area at
Page 677 and 678:
Tyrone Killyliss, Co. Tyrone Early
Page 679 and 680:
Tyrone Fig. 294: Section through di
Page 681 and 682:
Tyrone Fig. 295: Excavated features
Page 683 and 684:
Waterford Ballykilmurry, Co. Waterf
Page 685 and 686:
Waterford The cave was inhabited so
Page 687 and 688:
Waterford Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Re
Page 689 and 690:
Page 691 and 692:
Waterford The final phase of activi
Page 693 and 694:
Waterford Hiberno-Scandinavian Wate
Page 695 and 696:
Waterford There are a growing numbe
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Waterford reinforced by the additio
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Waterford 1989; Scully 1990). If th
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Waterford Layers of dumped organic
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Waterford At least fourteen plots w
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Waterford Street and High Street is
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Waterford excavated evidence was co
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Waterford Structures were uncovered
Page 711 and 712:
Waterford An excavation at the corn
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Waterford considerable assemblage o
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Waterford al.]; editors: Terry Barr
Page 717 and 718:
Waterford Scully, O. 1992:175. Pete
Page 719 and 720:
Waterford Woodstown 6, Co. Waterfor
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Waterford Stratified rotary sharpen
Page 723 and 724:
Page 725 and 726:
Westmeath County Westmeath Fig. 312
Page 727 and 728:
Westmeath leather, lignite, bone an
Page 729 and 730:
Westmeath were tilting dramatically
Page 731 and 732:
Westmeath Fig. 313: Aerial photogra
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Westmeath structure. Further eviden
Page 735 and 736:
Westmeath Towards the end of the si
Page 737 and 738:
Westmeath Fig. 314: Plan of enclosu
Page 739 and 740:
Westmeath ‘Uisneach’ (Rathnew t
Page 741 and 742:
Wexford County Wexford Fig. 317: Si
Page 743 and 744:
Wicklow County Wicklow Fig. 319: Si
Page 745 and 746:
Wicklow Fig. 320: Plan of sub-recta
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