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Galway Mackney, Co. Galway Early Medieval Settlement Enclosure. Grid Ref: M83742941 (183745/229417) SMR No: N/A. Excavation Licence: A024/E2444 Excavation Duration/Year: December 2005 – February 2006. Site Director: F. Delaney (Eachtra) The site consisted of a partially destroyed enclosure (55.64m in diameter) set on the side of a low hill (Fig. 158). The enclosure was not included in the SMR and was only recognised during field-walking undertaken as part of the Environmental Impact Assessment. The site was excavated to facilitate road construction. Excavation revealed three main phases of occupation on site. The earliest phase of occupation was indicated by the presence of two fire pits, and a number of linear features, all of which underlay the later enclosure bank. A radiocarbon date from charcoal associated with one of these fire-pits suggests that the bank was constructed quite late in the early medieval period (see below). This date (A.D. 771-899) is almost identical to one of the dates returned from the ironworking area (A.D. 775-900), however, which suggests that at least some ironworking may have been conducted on site prior to the construction of the bank. The second phase of occupation was marked by the construction of the enclosure ditch, which had maximum dimensions of 6m wide and 3.1m deep. The lower ditch fills were composed of silts, presumably from gradual slippage, but a series of higher ditch fills, composed of medium to large sub-rounded stones, would appear to represent the collapsed remains of the stone revetment from the outer face of the bank. A similar stone revetment appears to have existed on the interior face of the bank. A series of large postholes, found at the entrance, have been interpreted as either representing a gateway into the enclosure, or possibly as the remains of a more substantial gatehouse structure. A series of structures were identified in the interior. The foundation trench for the roundhouse, Structure A (5.4m in diameter), appears to have been divided into eight straight sections, which may represent the presence of wooden foundation planks. A porch and possible roof-supports were also indicated by the pattern of postholes. The partial remains of another roundhouse, (Structure C (4.48m in diameter), were also indicated by a curvilinear foundation trench. As with Structure A, this had some evidence for internal sub-division. A possible curvilinear lean-to structure, (Structure B), was also identified. This structure measured 3.8m by 8.4m and appeared to use the bank as a rear wall; a hearth was located within this building. Another curvilinear structure, (Structure E), which was composed of six postholes with a central post, was identified in the north-west of the interior. It appeared to have been open to the north and may have constituted a shelter or wind-break. Patterns of postholes also identified two rectilinear structures in the interior – a rectangular building (Structure D); and an L-shaped structure (Structure F). Other groups of postholes were uncovered, but these could not be identified with possible structures. A dry-stone built souterrain was constructed during this phase, and may have been associated with House F. A series of bowl furnaces/smithing hearths were also identified to the north of the entrance. Dates from these features range from the ninth/tenth century, to the eleventh/twelfth century (see below). Two series of postholes found in the vicinity of this metalworking area are presumably related to workshops, but the pattern of these could not be clearly identified. Four large fire pits were later dug into the interior of the site. Three radiocarbon dates from these place them in the fourteenth to seventeenth centuries. The site was then used as quarry, before being utilised as a cillín – 143 infant skeletons were recovered during excavation. Just over 5000 animal bones were recovered from the early medieval phase of the site, mainly of domesticates (cattle dominant, then sheep and pigs). Few finds were directly 316
Galway attributable to the early medieval phase, but these included three iron knife blades, an iron bar, and an iron ‘tool’. A silver penny of Henry III (1216-1272), and two un-dated bone ‘toggles’ were also found in site. Fig. 158: Plan of excavation at Mackney, Co. Galway, showing relevant features (after Delaney 2009, 56). 317
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EARLY MEDIEVAL ARCHAEOLOGY PROJECT
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Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS
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Table of Contents Flemington, Co. D
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Table of Contents Castlefarm, Co. M
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List of Figures LIST OF FIGURES Fig
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List of Figures Fig. 91: Plan of en
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List of Figures Fig. 179: Plan of t
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List of Figures Fig. 269: Map of Cl
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Introduction 1. Introduction EMAP i
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Introduction commonly known by a pa
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Introduction Acknowledgments We wou
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County Antrim Fig. 1: Significant e
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Antrim Fig. 3: Plan of Antiville, C
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Antrim Armoy (Glebe td.), Co. Antri
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Antrim southward (e.g. 2004-2005 se
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Antrim represent a pendant or perso
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Antrim Fig. 4: Plan of Armoy showin
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Antrim Ballyaghagan, Co. Antrim Ear
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Antrim Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reime
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Antrim Fig. 9: Plan of Phase 2 hous
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Antrim Fig. 10: Plan of Ballymacash
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Page 45 and 46:
Antrim Fig. 13: Plan of interior of
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Antrim Fig. 14: Plan of enclosures
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Antrim Radiocarbon Dates (PJ Reimer
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Antrim Fig. 16: Plan of Ballyvollen
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Antrim Ballywee, Co. Antrim Early M
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Page 57 and 58:
Antrim Fig. 18: Site plan of excava
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Antrim ‘Craig Hill’ (Craig td.)
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Antrim Fig. 21: Plan of Craigywarre
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Antrim The mound was subsequently r
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Page 67 and 68:
Antrim ‘Doonmore’ (Cross td.),
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Antrim Fig. 25: Plan of House III a
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Antrim Fig. 26: Phase I occupation
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Antrim Dunsilly, Co. Antrim Early M
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Antrim 53
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Antrim References: Harper, A. E. T.
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Antrim ‘Larrybane’ (Knocksoghey
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Antrim Fig. 33: Plan of excavated a
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Antrim Fig. 35: Phase 1 roundhouse
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Antrim Fig. 36: Plan of interior of
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Antrim Fig. 37: Plan of Seacash, Co
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Antrim Shane’s Castle Park, Co. A
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Armagh County Armagh Fig. 39: Signi
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Armagh Fig. 40: Early Medieval exca
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Armagh Fig. 42: Excavations at Abbe
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Armagh Derry More, Co. Armagh Early
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Armagh Fig. 45: ‘Figure-of-eight
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Armagh Terryhoogan, Co. Armagh Earl
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Clare ‘Beal Boru’ (Ballyvally t
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Clare Fig. 48: Plan of excavated ar
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Clare The Harvard excavators identi
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Clare Cahircalla More, Co. Clare Ea
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Clare Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer
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Clare Clonmoney West, Co. Clare Ear
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Clare were associated with glass fr
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Clare The main and only major occup
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Clare Gragan West, Co. Clare Early
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Clare Inishcealtra, Co. Clare Eccle
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Clare Medieval Activity Significant
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Clare Fig. 54: Excavated areas of I
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Clare Fig. 55: Plan showing enclosu
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Clare Fig. 56: Plan of Thady’s Fo
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Cork Ballyarra, Co. Cork Unenclosed
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Cork Ballycatteen Fort, Co. Cork Ea
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Cork Fig. 59: Plan of Ballycatteen,
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Cork Structure III was a small buil
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Cork to the southern flat area of t
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Cork L-shaped enclosure Beta-165323
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Cork Fig. 61: Plan of St. Gobnet’
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Cork Fig. 62: Plan of enclosure and
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Cork layer of charcoal. The layer o
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Cork diagnostic furnace bottoms, or
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Cork Fig. 64: Plan of primary phase
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Cork Fig. 65: Plan of excavations a
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Cork The following is based on gene
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Cork Fig. 67: Plan of Scandinavian
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Cork low-lying marshy location of S
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Cork replaced part of the waterfron
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Cork property boundaries were align
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Cork and smaller plots. Type 4 buil
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Cork The remains of a Type 6 sill-b
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Cork References: Bradley, J., & Hal
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Cork Lennon, A. M. 2003. Grattan St
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Cork the point of a copper-alloy st
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Cork Garryduff I & II, Garryduff, C
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Cork Fig. 73: Plan of excavation at
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Cork charred oat grains and one cha
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Cork Lisduggan North 1, 2 & 3, Co.
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Cork Lisleagh II, Co. Cork Early Me
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Cork ‘Lisnacaheragh Fort’ (Garr
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Cork Fig. 77: Plan of Garranes, Co.
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Cork It appears that the three sout
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Cork Oldcourt, Co. Cork Early Medie
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Cork Park North, Midleton, Co. Cork
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Cork Raheens I, Co. Cork Early Medi
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Cork Raheens II, Co. Cork Early Med
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Cork Skahanagh North, Co. Cork Earl
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Donegal County Donegal Fig. 83: Sig
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Donegal Rinnaraw, Co. Donegal Early
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Donegal Fig. 86: Plan of ‘byre-ho
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Down County Down Fig. 88: Significa
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Down Fig. 89: Excavated areas at Ba
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Down Castleskreen Co. Down Early Me
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Down Fig. 93: Aerial photograph of
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Down Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer,
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Down Fig. 97: Structures in South P
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Down Fig. 98: Plan of Dunnyneill Is
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Down Gransha, Co. Down Early Mediev
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Down Lough Faughan Crannog (Ballyro
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Down Movilla Abbey, Co. Down Early
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Down Two medieval wells were excava
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Down Rathmullan Lower, Co. Down Ear
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Down Fig. 104: Plan of Phase 1 at R
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Down Tullylish, Co. Down Early Medi
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Down ‘White Fort’ (Drumaroad td
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Dublin Ballycullen, Old Court, Co.
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Dublin Ballynakelly, Co. Dublin Ear
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Dublin Areas’ D and E were simila
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Dublin Barnageeragh, Co. Dublin Ear
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Dublin Fig. 110: Settlement Enclosu
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Dublin Cherrywood (Site 18), Co. Du
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Dublin Fig. 113: Plan of Scandinavi
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Dublin Also, 55 E ware sherds, from
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Dublin ‘Dun Emer’, Lusk, Co. Du
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Dublin Fig. 117: Dun Emer Reconstru
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Dublin Flemington, Co. Dublin Early
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Dublin Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reime
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Dublin Fig. 120: Plan of Lusk (Afte
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Dublin Temple Bar West Grid referen
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Dublin Fig. 122: Plan of ninth-cent
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Dublin Fig. 124: Plan of eleventh-c
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Dublin century, was 2.5m wide and 0
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Dublin Fig. 126: Plan of ‘road’
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Dublin Murray’s (1983, 43-57) stu
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Dublin Fig. 131: Plan of Type 5 Hou
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Dublin Two structures (‘E’ and
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Dublin Simpson, L. 1999. Director's
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Dublin Fig. 132: Aerial photograph
Page 288 and 289: Dublin The final phase was associat
Page 290 and 291: Dublin Rosepark, Co. Dublin 1. Earl
Page 292 and 293: Dublin Fig. 135: Phase II at Rosepa
Page 294 and 295: Dublin ‘St Gobban’, Kilgobbin,
Page 296 and 297: Dublin St Michael le Pole Ecclesias
Page 298 and 299: Dublin and significantly, the archa
Page 300 and 301: Dublin accurate, it further points
Page 302 and 303: Dublin Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reime
Page 304 and 305: Fermanagh County Fermanagh Fig. 141
Page 306 and 307: Fermanagh and measured approximatel
Page 308 and 309: Fermanagh Fig. 142: Schematic Plan
Page 310 and 311: Fermanagh Fig. 143: Enclosure at Bo
Page 312 and 313: Fermanagh Fig. 144: Excavated area
Page 314 and 315: Fermanagh Fig. 146: Plan of Lisdoo,
Page 316 and 317: Galway County Galway Fig. 148: Sign
Page 318 and 319: Galway Fig. 150: Plan of corner of
Page 320 and 321: Galway Fig. 151: Plan of enclosure
Page 322 and 323: Galway UB-7433 Adult female 954±31
Page 324 and 325: Galway Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reime
Page 326 and 327: Galway Fig. 153: Plan of early medi
Page 328 and 329: Galway Fig. 154: Cells and church a
Page 330 and 331: Galway isolated trench immediately
Page 332 and 333: Galway from the early medieval peri
Page 334 and 335: Galway Loughbown (1), Co. Galway Ea
Page 336 and 337: Galway Loughbown (2), Co. Galway Ea
Page 340 and 341: Galway Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reime
Page 342 and 343: Galway Fig. 159: Excavated area at
Page 344 and 345: Kerry County Kerry Fig. 160: Signif
Page 346 and 347: Kerry Radiocarbon dates support thi
Page 348 and 349: Kerry screen) that demarcated the c
Page 350 and 351: Kerry Ballyegan, Co. Kerry Early Me
Page 352 and 353: Kerry Beginish, Co. Kerry Early Med
Page 354 and 355: Kerry Fig. 163: Plan of House 1 at
Page 356 and 357: Kerry width) appears to have origin
Page 358 and 359: Kerry The fifteenth- to seventeenth
Page 360 and 361: Kerry Caherlehillan, Co. Kerry Earl
Page 362 and 363: Kerry 1996a, 1999b, 2000). This lat
Page 364 and 365: Kerry References Doyle, I. 2009. Me
Page 366 and 367: Kerry Church Island (Ballycarbery W
Page 368 and 369: Kerry included two hammer-stones, p
Page 370 and 371: Kerry Fig. 169: Plan of House 2, Ch
Page 372 and 373: Kerry Fig. 170: Plan of Clogher, Co
Page 374 and 375: Kerry A number of finds possibly as
Page 376 and 377: Kerry Fig. 171: Plan of cave at Clo
Page 378 and 379: Kerry Coarhabeg, Valentia Island Ea
Page 380 and 381: Kerry Dromthacker, Co. Kerry Early
Page 382 and 383: Kerry Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer
Page 384 and 385: Kerry nineteenth century and it is
Page 386 and 387: Kerry Fig. 177: Plan of rampart and
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Kerry Illaunloughan, Co. Kerry Earl
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Kerry Fig. 179: Plan of the Phase 1
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Kerry ‘Leacanabuaile’ (Kimego W
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Kerry Fig. 181: Plan of Leacanabuil
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Kerry Fig. 182: Aerial photograph o
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Kerry stones in the southeast and s
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Kerry surviving to a height of 0.90
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Kerry Fig. 185: Plan of Structures
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Kildare Killickaweeny, Co. Kildare
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Kildare close to Structure 1. It co
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Kildare ‘Maynooth Castle’ (Mayn
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Kildare Narraghmore, Co. Kildare Ea
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Kildare Pollardstown, Co. Kildare E
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Kilkenny Dunbell Big (5), Co. Kilke
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Kilkenny Dunbell Big (6), Co. Kilke
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Kilkenny Reference: Murthagh, B. 19
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Kilkenny A series of linear feature
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Kilkenny Loughboy, Co. Kilkenny Ear
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Laois County Laois Fig. 195: Signif
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Laois Fig. 196: Features at Parknah
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Limerick County Limerick Fig. 197:
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Limerick Fig. 198: Plan of house fo
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Limerick backfilled deposit. The me
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Limerick ‘Carraig Aille I’ (Lou
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Limerick ‘Carraig Aille II’ (Lo
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Limerick Fig. 202: Plan of Carraig
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Limerick Finds from these houses an
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Limerick Fig. 204: Excavated featur
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Limerick corner of the excavated ar
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Limerick the ‘enclosure’ is the
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Limerick was faced with stone. Ther
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Limerick Grange, Co. Limerick Early
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Limerick Fig. 207: Excavated areas
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Limerick no wattle- or postholes an
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Limerick Newtown, Co. Limerick Earl
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Limerick Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Rei
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Limerick Two burials were uncovered
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Limerick Sluggary, Co. Limerick Ear
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Londonderry County Londonderry Fig.
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Londonderry Fig. 214: Plan of house
Page 469 and 470:
Londonderry Fig. 215: Early medieva
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Londonderry Magheramenagh, Co. Lond
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Londonderry Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ
Page 475 and 476:
Longford Aghadegnan, Co. Longford E
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Longford References: Carroll, J. 19
Page 479 and 480:
Louth Balgatheran 1, Co. Louth Earl
Page 481 and 482:
Louth Balriggan, Co. Louth Early Me
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Louth Balriggan was a large multi-p
Page 485 and 486:
Louth Carn More, Co. Louth Early Me
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Louth Faughart Lower, Co. Louth Ear
Page 489 and 490:
Louth 65-82. Dublin. National Roads
Page 491 and 492:
Louth through the ditch showed that
Page 493 and 494:
Louth ‘Lissachiggel’, Doolargy,
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Louth Fig. 224: Detailed plan of ho
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Louth Archaeological investigations
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Louth central, L-shaped island of n
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Louth Fig. 227: Plan of Marshes Upp
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Louth Millockstown, Co. Louth Early
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Louth Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer
Page 507 and 508:
Louth Fig. 229: Photograph of soute
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Mayo County Mayo Fig. 230: Signific
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Mayo Bofeenaun, Co. Mayo Early Medi
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Mayo Carrowkeel, Co. Mayo Early Med
Page 515 and 516:
Mayo Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer,
Page 517 and 518:
Mayo Fig. 234: Plan of ecclesiastic
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Mayo Letterkeen, Co. Mayo Early Med
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Mayo Fig. 237: Features near entran
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Mayo Fig. 238: Plan of excavated ar
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Mayo Moyne, Co. Mayo Early Medieval
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Meath County Meath Fig. 241: Signif
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Meath Fig. 242: Plan of excavations
Page 531 and 532:
Meath Fig. 243: Plan of Augherskea,
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Meath was the burial of a horse’s
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Meath Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer
Page 537 and 538:
Meath Betaghstown (Bettystown), Co.
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Meath Boolies Little, Co. Meath Ear
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Meath Castlefarm, Co. Meath Early M
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Meath Fig. 246: Enclosures at Castl
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Meath Cloncowan, Co. Meath Early Me
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Meath Collierstown 1, Co. Meath Ear
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Meath The Phase III enclosure consi
Page 551 and 552:
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Meath Fig. 249: Excavations at Colp
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Meath Fig. 250: Enclosures at Colp
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Meath Cormeen, Co. Meath Early Medi
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Meath fragment and frequent flint i
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Meath Fig. 252: Phases of enclosure
Page 563 and 564:
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Meath Johnstown 1, Co. Meath Early
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Page 569 and 570:
Meath Kells, Co. Meath Early Mediev
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Meath Fifty two burials were reveal
Page 573 and 574:
Meath Knowth, Co. Meath 1. Early Me
Page 575 and 576:
Page 577 and 578:
Meath Period II occupation probably
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Meath References: Comber, M. 1997.
Page 581 and 582:
Meath Fig. 258: Plan of enclosure a
Page 583 and 584:
Meath Phase W was occupied c. A.D.
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Meath populated with good grazing l
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Meath Nevinstown, Co. Meath Early M
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Meath graves and were oriented slig
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Meath Immediately to the west was a
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Meath Kelly, E. P. 1976:020. Randal
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Meath miscellaneous scraps of metal
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Meath Beta-196366 Bone from linear
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Meath Raystown, Co. Meath Early Med
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Meath Raystown included evidence of
Page 603 and 604:
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Meath Roestown 2, Co. Meath Early M
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Meath Fig. 263: Phases from Roestow
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Meath St. Anne’s Chapel (Randalst
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Meath Simonstown, Co. Meath Early M
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Monaghan County Monaghan Fig. 264:
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Monaghan north-east of the inner en
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Offaly ‘Ballinderry II’ (Ballyn
Page 619 and 620:
Offaly The early medieval crannog a
Page 621 and 622:
Offaly Ballintemple, Co. Offaly Ear
Page 623 and 624:
Offaly Clonmacnoise, Co. Offaly Ear
Page 625 and 626:
Offaly A later roundhouse (7m diame
Page 627 and 628:
Offaly Fig. 269: Map of Clonmacnois
Page 629 and 630:
Offaly Manning, C. 1995. Clonmacnoi
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Roscommon Cloongownagh, Co. Roscomm
Page 633 and 634:
Roscommon Lennon, A-M. & Henry, M.
Page 635 and 636:
Roscommon Grid Ref: M78818268 (1788
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Roscommon Fig. 272: Summary of 2004
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Sligo ‘Grange West’ (inc. Bally
Page 641 and 642:
Sligo Sample No. Context 14 C Date
Page 643 and 644:
Sligo Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer
Page 645 and 646:
Sligo Fig. 277: Plan of Promontory
Page 647 and 648:
Sligo Magheraboy, Co. Sligo Early M
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Sligo Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer
Page 651 and 652:
Sligo Period III, a large mound of
Page 653 and 654:
Sligo (No plans were available for
Page 655 and 656:
Sligo Phase 4 was an open stony pla
Page 657 and 658:
Tipperary Bowling Green, Co. Tipper
Page 659 and 660:
Tipperary Cormac’s Chapel, St. Pa
Page 661 and 662:
Tipperary ‘Killederdadrum’ (Lac
Page 663 and 664:
Tipperary cemetery appears to have
Page 665 and 666:
Tipperary Fig. 284: Features excava
Page 667 and 668:
Tipperary Fig. 285: Plan of hut at
Page 669 and 670:
Tyrone Altanagh, Co. Tyrone Early M
Page 671 and 672:
Tyrone Clogher (Clogher Demesne td.
Page 673 and 674:
Tyrone UB-844 Charcoal with iron sm
Page 675 and 676:
Tyrone Fig. 290: Excavated area at
Page 677 and 678:
Tyrone Killyliss, Co. Tyrone Early
Page 679 and 680:
Tyrone Fig. 294: Section through di
Page 681 and 682:
Tyrone Fig. 295: Excavated features
Page 683 and 684:
Waterford Ballykilmurry, Co. Waterf
Page 685 and 686:
Waterford The cave was inhabited so
Page 687 and 688:
Waterford Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Re
Page 689 and 690:
Page 691 and 692:
Waterford The final phase of activi
Page 693 and 694:
Waterford Hiberno-Scandinavian Wate
Page 695 and 696:
Waterford There are a growing numbe
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Waterford reinforced by the additio
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Waterford 1989; Scully 1990). If th
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Waterford Layers of dumped organic
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Waterford At least fourteen plots w
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Waterford Street and High Street is
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Waterford excavated evidence was co
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Waterford Structures were uncovered
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Waterford An excavation at the corn
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Waterford considerable assemblage o
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Waterford al.]; editors: Terry Barr
Page 717 and 718:
Waterford Scully, O. 1992:175. Pete
Page 719 and 720:
Waterford Woodstown 6, Co. Waterfor
Page 721 and 722:
Waterford Stratified rotary sharpen
Page 723 and 724:
Page 725 and 726:
Westmeath County Westmeath Fig. 312
Page 727 and 728:
Westmeath leather, lignite, bone an
Page 729 and 730:
Westmeath were tilting dramatically
Page 731 and 732:
Westmeath Fig. 313: Aerial photogra
Page 733 and 734:
Westmeath structure. Further eviden
Page 735 and 736:
Westmeath Towards the end of the si
Page 737 and 738:
Westmeath Fig. 314: Plan of enclosu
Page 739 and 740:
Westmeath ‘Uisneach’ (Rathnew t
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Wexford County Wexford Fig. 317: Si
Page 743 and 744:
Wicklow County Wicklow Fig. 319: Si
Page 745 and 746:
Wicklow Fig. 320: Plan of sub-recta
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