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Dublin Barnageeragh, Co. Dublin Early Medieval Settlement Enclosure and later Unenclosed Settlement Grid reference: 323515 260882 SMR: N/A Excavation Licence No: 06E0477 Excavation duration: April – August 2006 Site director: E. Corcoran (Archaeological Development Services Ltd.) Barnageeragh, Skerries – excavated in advance of a development – was a multi-period site with evidence for a possible Bronze Age house, burnt mounds, a ring-ditch with central crouched inhumation, an early medieval settlement enclosure with an internal souterrain and possible dwelling, two unenclosed souterrains, a pennanular enclosure, and later medieval structures (Fig. 109). The site was located on a central high point on the coast. No radiocarbon dates are yet available for the site. The settlement enclosure was 22m in diameter and was situated on the south-facing slope of a low hill (Fig. 110). No entrance was apparent so the enclosure may have been entered across the ditch by wooden boards or some other means. The enclosure ditch showed evidence for both deliberate infilling and natural silting and contained animal bone, shell, flint, metal, bone pins and two possible whetstones. A penannular enclosure was located north of the centre within the enclosure and measured approximately 10m in diameter. The gap was present at the south-west. This potentially marks the former presence of a dwelling within the enclosure – it may have functioned as a drainage gully around the house – and animal bone, shell and part of a possible stone mould were recovered from the ditch fill. A drystone-constructed souterrain was located to the south just outside the entrance of the pennanular enclosure and consisted of a single chamber and passage. The souterrain fills produced a decorated bone comb, a possible whetstone, a small copper alloy disc and a worked stone. Two shallow pits – possible hearths – were also situated within the settlement enclosure. Each contained charcoal flecking and animal bone and struck flint was uncovered from one while shell came from the other. The enclosure ditch was re-cut to the north and west and this ditch also ran east from the enclosure before it turned south. This effectively formed a small enclosure to the east of the settlement enclosure which had an opening to the south. Finds from this ditch included animal bone, shell, possible whetstones, bone pins and an enamelled copper alloy brooch which potentially dates between the eighth and tenth centuries. A gully, surrounding a possible stone sub-rectangular structure, was located 8m to the south of the settlement enclosure. The wall survived as a double line of stones with a gap between them and may have supported a sod or wooden wall. Some animal bone and pieces of struck flint were recovered from the wall fill. Three postholes and a possible stone platform suggest that the structure had an internal division. Its date is unknown but it may relate to either the later unenclosed souterrain phase or some later medieval structures on the site. A couple of unenclosed souterrains were identified to the west of the settlement enclosure on a gentle slope at the bottom of a low hill (Fig. 111). Pits and possible hearths were also present in this area. One of the souterrains cut a north-south field boundary which contained animal bone and struck flints which demonstrates that the land was organised prior to the souterrain’s construction. Both souterrains were drystone constructions and their entrances faced each other. In between were a number of pits, hearths and postholes which contained animal bone and shells. The western souterrain consisted of a long passage that was connected to a circular chamber with a small pit in 226
Dublin the floor. A circular chamber was also present in the eastern souterrain and, similalrly this had a pit cut into its floor. Finds from both souterrains included animal bone, shells, a possible iron pin and souterrain ware pottery which can date between the seventh and twelfth centuries. A sub-oval hearth, surrounded by nine stakeholes, was located to the north of the western souterrain and showed evidence for multiple burnings. A pennanular enclosure, approximately 18m in diameter, was located to the west of the settlement enclosure and souterrains on a south-facing slope on the highest part of the site. It was open to the north and the ditch showed evidence for natural silting apart from the eastern terminus which was deliberately back-filled. Animal bone, shell and flint were identified in the ditch fills. Six pits, including two possible hearths, were evident within the enclosure and these produced animal bone, burnt bone, flint and a metal blade. A east-west ditch was located to the north of the enclosure entrance and extended for 47m. A possible whetstone and animal bone were retrieved from the ditch fill. Excavations at Barnageeragh produced archaeological evidence from the Bronze Age to late medieval periods. Although no radiocarbon dates are available as yet, it appears that an enclosed settlement was constructed during the early middle-ages. Evidence for habitation included a possible house, pits, hearths and finds such as animal bone, shells and a number of dress and functional items. It is likely that the souterrain within the enclosure is related to that settlement phase due to its proximal relationship with the possible dwelling. The settlement’s occupants modified the ditch at some point to slightly expand the site but it then appears that the enclosed settlement was abandoned in favour of two unenclosed souterrains a short distance to the west. A number of pits and hearths further testify to domestic activity. The pennanular enclosure to the west may have functioned as an animal enclosure although its chronological relationship to other features is unclear. Indeed, many of the features on the site could not be stratigraphically related so their relationships will not be fully resolved until radiocarbon dates are available. Fig. 109: Barnageeragh (After Corcoran 2009, 39) 227
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EARLY MEDIEVAL ARCHAEOLOGY PROJECT
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Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS
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Table of Contents Flemington, Co. D
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Table of Contents Castlefarm, Co. M
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List of Figures LIST OF FIGURES Fig
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List of Figures Fig. 91: Plan of en
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List of Figures Fig. 179: Plan of t
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List of Figures Fig. 269: Map of Cl
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Introduction 1. Introduction EMAP i
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Introduction commonly known by a pa
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Introduction Acknowledgments We wou
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County Antrim Fig. 1: Significant e
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Antrim Fig. 3: Plan of Antiville, C
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Antrim Armoy (Glebe td.), Co. Antri
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Antrim southward (e.g. 2004-2005 se
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Antrim represent a pendant or perso
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Antrim Fig. 4: Plan of Armoy showin
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Antrim Ballyaghagan, Co. Antrim Ear
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Antrim Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reime
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Antrim Fig. 9: Plan of Phase 2 hous
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Antrim Fig. 10: Plan of Ballymacash
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Antrim Fig. 13: Plan of interior of
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Antrim Fig. 14: Plan of enclosures
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Antrim Radiocarbon Dates (PJ Reimer
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Antrim Fig. 16: Plan of Ballyvollen
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Antrim Ballywee, Co. Antrim Early M
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Page 57 and 58:
Antrim Fig. 18: Site plan of excava
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Antrim ‘Craig Hill’ (Craig td.)
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Antrim Fig. 21: Plan of Craigywarre
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Antrim The mound was subsequently r
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Page 67 and 68:
Antrim ‘Doonmore’ (Cross td.),
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Antrim Fig. 25: Plan of House III a
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Antrim Fig. 26: Phase I occupation
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Antrim Dunsilly, Co. Antrim Early M
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Antrim 53
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Antrim References: Harper, A. E. T.
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Antrim ‘Larrybane’ (Knocksoghey
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Antrim Fig. 33: Plan of excavated a
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Antrim Fig. 35: Phase 1 roundhouse
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Antrim Fig. 36: Plan of interior of
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Antrim Fig. 37: Plan of Seacash, Co
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Antrim Shane’s Castle Park, Co. A
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Armagh County Armagh Fig. 39: Signi
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Armagh Fig. 40: Early Medieval exca
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Armagh Fig. 42: Excavations at Abbe
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Armagh Derry More, Co. Armagh Early
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Armagh Fig. 45: ‘Figure-of-eight
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Armagh Terryhoogan, Co. Armagh Earl
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Clare ‘Beal Boru’ (Ballyvally t
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Clare Fig. 48: Plan of excavated ar
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Clare The Harvard excavators identi
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Clare Cahircalla More, Co. Clare Ea
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Clare Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer
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Clare Clonmoney West, Co. Clare Ear
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Clare were associated with glass fr
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Clare The main and only major occup
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Clare Gragan West, Co. Clare Early
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Clare Inishcealtra, Co. Clare Eccle
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Clare Medieval Activity Significant
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Clare Fig. 54: Excavated areas of I
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Clare Fig. 55: Plan showing enclosu
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Clare Fig. 56: Plan of Thady’s Fo
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Cork Ballyarra, Co. Cork Unenclosed
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Cork Ballycatteen Fort, Co. Cork Ea
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Cork Fig. 59: Plan of Ballycatteen,
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Cork Structure III was a small buil
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Cork to the southern flat area of t
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Cork L-shaped enclosure Beta-165323
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Cork Fig. 61: Plan of St. Gobnet’
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Cork Fig. 62: Plan of enclosure and
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Cork layer of charcoal. The layer o
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Cork diagnostic furnace bottoms, or
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Cork Fig. 64: Plan of primary phase
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Cork Fig. 65: Plan of excavations a
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Cork The following is based on gene
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Cork Fig. 67: Plan of Scandinavian
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Cork low-lying marshy location of S
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Cork replaced part of the waterfron
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Cork property boundaries were align
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Cork and smaller plots. Type 4 buil
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Cork The remains of a Type 6 sill-b
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Cork References: Bradley, J., & Hal
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Cork Lennon, A. M. 2003. Grattan St
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Cork the point of a copper-alloy st
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Cork Garryduff I & II, Garryduff, C
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Cork Fig. 73: Plan of excavation at
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Cork charred oat grains and one cha
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Cork Lisduggan North 1, 2 & 3, Co.
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Cork Lisleagh II, Co. Cork Early Me
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Cork ‘Lisnacaheragh Fort’ (Garr
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Cork Fig. 77: Plan of Garranes, Co.
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Cork It appears that the three sout
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Cork Oldcourt, Co. Cork Early Medie
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Cork Park North, Midleton, Co. Cork
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Cork Raheens I, Co. Cork Early Medi
Page 198 and 199: Cork Raheens II, Co. Cork Early Med
Page 200 and 201: Cork Skahanagh North, Co. Cork Earl
Page 202 and 203: Donegal County Donegal Fig. 83: Sig
Page 204 and 205: Donegal Rinnaraw, Co. Donegal Early
Page 206 and 207: Donegal Fig. 86: Plan of ‘byre-ho
Page 208 and 209: Down County Down Fig. 88: Significa
Page 210 and 211: Down Fig. 89: Excavated areas at Ba
Page 212 and 213: Down Castleskreen Co. Down Early Me
Page 214 and 215: Down Fig. 93: Aerial photograph of
Page 216 and 217: Down Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer,
Page 220 and 221: Down Fig. 97: Structures in South P
Page 222 and 223: Down Fig. 98: Plan of Dunnyneill Is
Page 224 and 225: Down Gransha, Co. Down Early Mediev
Page 226 and 227: Down Lough Faughan Crannog (Ballyro
Page 228 and 229: Down Movilla Abbey, Co. Down Early
Page 230 and 231: Down Two medieval wells were excava
Page 232 and 233: Down Rathmullan Lower, Co. Down Ear
Page 234 and 235: Down Fig. 104: Plan of Phase 1 at R
Page 236 and 237: Down Tullylish, Co. Down Early Medi
Page 238 and 239: Down ‘White Fort’ (Drumaroad td
Page 242 and 243: Dublin Ballycullen, Old Court, Co.
Page 244 and 245: Dublin Ballynakelly, Co. Dublin Ear
Page 246 and 247: Dublin Areas’ D and E were simila
Page 250 and 251: Dublin Fig. 110: Settlement Enclosu
Page 252 and 253: Dublin Cherrywood (Site 18), Co. Du
Page 254 and 255: Dublin Fig. 113: Plan of Scandinavi
Page 256 and 257: Dublin Also, 55 E ware sherds, from
Page 258 and 259: Dublin ‘Dun Emer’, Lusk, Co. Du
Page 260 and 261: Dublin Fig. 117: Dun Emer Reconstru
Page 262 and 263: Dublin Flemington, Co. Dublin Early
Page 264 and 265: Dublin Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reime
Page 266 and 267: Dublin Fig. 120: Plan of Lusk (Afte
Page 268 and 269: Dublin Temple Bar West Grid referen
Page 270 and 271: Dublin Fig. 122: Plan of ninth-cent
Page 272 and 273: Dublin Fig. 124: Plan of eleventh-c
Page 274 and 275: Dublin century, was 2.5m wide and 0
Page 276 and 277: Dublin Fig. 126: Plan of ‘road’
Page 278 and 279: Dublin Murray’s (1983, 43-57) stu
Page 280 and 281: Dublin Fig. 131: Plan of Type 5 Hou
Page 282 and 283: Dublin Two structures (‘E’ and
Page 284 and 285: Dublin Simpson, L. 1999. Director's
Page 286 and 287: Dublin Fig. 132: Aerial photograph
Page 288 and 289: Dublin The final phase was associat
Page 290 and 291: Dublin Rosepark, Co. Dublin 1. Earl
Page 292 and 293: Dublin Fig. 135: Phase II at Rosepa
Page 294 and 295: Dublin ‘St Gobban’, Kilgobbin,
Page 296 and 297: Dublin St Michael le Pole Ecclesias
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Dublin and significantly, the archa
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Dublin accurate, it further points
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Dublin Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reime
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Fermanagh County Fermanagh Fig. 141
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Fermanagh and measured approximatel
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Fermanagh Fig. 142: Schematic Plan
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Fermanagh Fig. 143: Enclosure at Bo
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Fermanagh Fig. 144: Excavated area
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Fermanagh Fig. 146: Plan of Lisdoo,
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Galway County Galway Fig. 148: Sign
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Galway Fig. 150: Plan of corner of
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Galway Fig. 151: Plan of enclosure
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Galway UB-7433 Adult female 954±31
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Galway Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reime
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Galway Fig. 153: Plan of early medi
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Galway Fig. 154: Cells and church a
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Galway isolated trench immediately
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Galway from the early medieval peri
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Galway Loughbown (1), Co. Galway Ea
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Galway Loughbown (2), Co. Galway Ea
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Galway Mackney, Co. Galway Early Me
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Galway Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reime
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Galway Fig. 159: Excavated area at
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Kerry County Kerry Fig. 160: Signif
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Kerry Radiocarbon dates support thi
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Kerry screen) that demarcated the c
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Kerry Ballyegan, Co. Kerry Early Me
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Kerry Beginish, Co. Kerry Early Med
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Kerry Fig. 163: Plan of House 1 at
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Kerry width) appears to have origin
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Kerry The fifteenth- to seventeenth
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Kerry Caherlehillan, Co. Kerry Earl
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Kerry 1996a, 1999b, 2000). This lat
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Kerry References Doyle, I. 2009. Me
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Kerry Church Island (Ballycarbery W
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Kerry included two hammer-stones, p
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Kerry Fig. 169: Plan of House 2, Ch
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Kerry Fig. 170: Plan of Clogher, Co
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Kerry A number of finds possibly as
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Kerry Fig. 171: Plan of cave at Clo
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Kerry Coarhabeg, Valentia Island Ea
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Kerry Dromthacker, Co. Kerry Early
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Kerry Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer
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Kerry nineteenth century and it is
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Kerry Fig. 177: Plan of rampart and
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Kerry Illaunloughan, Co. Kerry Earl
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Kerry Fig. 179: Plan of the Phase 1
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Kerry ‘Leacanabuaile’ (Kimego W
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Kerry Fig. 181: Plan of Leacanabuil
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Kerry Fig. 182: Aerial photograph o
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Kerry stones in the southeast and s
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Kerry surviving to a height of 0.90
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Kerry Fig. 185: Plan of Structures
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Kildare Killickaweeny, Co. Kildare
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Kildare close to Structure 1. It co
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Kildare ‘Maynooth Castle’ (Mayn
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Kildare Narraghmore, Co. Kildare Ea
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Kildare Pollardstown, Co. Kildare E
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Kilkenny Dunbell Big (5), Co. Kilke
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Kilkenny Dunbell Big (6), Co. Kilke
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Kilkenny Reference: Murthagh, B. 19
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Kilkenny A series of linear feature
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Kilkenny Loughboy, Co. Kilkenny Ear
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Laois County Laois Fig. 195: Signif
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Laois Fig. 196: Features at Parknah
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Limerick County Limerick Fig. 197:
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Limerick Fig. 198: Plan of house fo
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Limerick backfilled deposit. The me
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Limerick ‘Carraig Aille I’ (Lou
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Limerick ‘Carraig Aille II’ (Lo
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Limerick Fig. 202: Plan of Carraig
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Limerick Finds from these houses an
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Limerick Fig. 204: Excavated featur
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Limerick corner of the excavated ar
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Limerick the ‘enclosure’ is the
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Limerick was faced with stone. Ther
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Limerick Grange, Co. Limerick Early
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Limerick Fig. 207: Excavated areas
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Limerick no wattle- or postholes an
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Limerick Newtown, Co. Limerick Earl
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Limerick Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Rei
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Limerick Two burials were uncovered
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Limerick Sluggary, Co. Limerick Ear
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Londonderry County Londonderry Fig.
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Londonderry Fig. 214: Plan of house
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Londonderry Fig. 215: Early medieva
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Londonderry Magheramenagh, Co. Lond
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Londonderry Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ
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Longford Aghadegnan, Co. Longford E
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Longford References: Carroll, J. 19
Page 479 and 480:
Louth Balgatheran 1, Co. Louth Earl
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Louth Balriggan, Co. Louth Early Me
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Louth Balriggan was a large multi-p
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Louth Carn More, Co. Louth Early Me
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Louth Faughart Lower, Co. Louth Ear
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Louth 65-82. Dublin. National Roads
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Louth through the ditch showed that
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Louth ‘Lissachiggel’, Doolargy,
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Louth Fig. 224: Detailed plan of ho
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Louth Archaeological investigations
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Louth central, L-shaped island of n
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Louth Fig. 227: Plan of Marshes Upp
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Louth Millockstown, Co. Louth Early
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Louth Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer
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Louth Fig. 229: Photograph of soute
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Mayo County Mayo Fig. 230: Signific
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Mayo Bofeenaun, Co. Mayo Early Medi
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Mayo Carrowkeel, Co. Mayo Early Med
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Mayo Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer,
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Mayo Fig. 234: Plan of ecclesiastic
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Mayo Letterkeen, Co. Mayo Early Med
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Mayo Fig. 237: Features near entran
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Mayo Fig. 238: Plan of excavated ar
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Mayo Moyne, Co. Mayo Early Medieval
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Meath County Meath Fig. 241: Signif
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Meath Fig. 242: Plan of excavations
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Meath Fig. 243: Plan of Augherskea,
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Meath was the burial of a horse’s
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Meath Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer
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Meath Betaghstown (Bettystown), Co.
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Meath Boolies Little, Co. Meath Ear
Page 541 and 542:
Meath Castlefarm, Co. Meath Early M
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Meath Fig. 246: Enclosures at Castl
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Meath Cloncowan, Co. Meath Early Me
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Meath Collierstown 1, Co. Meath Ear
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Meath The Phase III enclosure consi
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Meath Fig. 249: Excavations at Colp
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Meath Fig. 250: Enclosures at Colp
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Meath Cormeen, Co. Meath Early Medi
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Meath fragment and frequent flint i
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Meath Fig. 252: Phases of enclosure
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Meath Johnstown 1, Co. Meath Early
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Meath Kells, Co. Meath Early Mediev
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Meath Fifty two burials were reveal
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Meath Knowth, Co. Meath 1. Early Me
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Meath Period II occupation probably
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Meath References: Comber, M. 1997.
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Meath Fig. 258: Plan of enclosure a
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Meath Phase W was occupied c. A.D.
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Meath populated with good grazing l
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Meath Nevinstown, Co. Meath Early M
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Meath graves and were oriented slig
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Meath Immediately to the west was a
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Meath Kelly, E. P. 1976:020. Randal
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Meath miscellaneous scraps of metal
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Meath Beta-196366 Bone from linear
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Meath Raystown, Co. Meath Early Med
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Meath Raystown included evidence of
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Meath Roestown 2, Co. Meath Early M
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Meath Fig. 263: Phases from Roestow
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Meath St. Anne’s Chapel (Randalst
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Meath Simonstown, Co. Meath Early M
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Monaghan County Monaghan Fig. 264:
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Monaghan north-east of the inner en
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Offaly ‘Ballinderry II’ (Ballyn
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Offaly The early medieval crannog a
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Offaly Ballintemple, Co. Offaly Ear
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Offaly Clonmacnoise, Co. Offaly Ear
Page 625 and 626:
Offaly A later roundhouse (7m diame
Page 627 and 628:
Offaly Fig. 269: Map of Clonmacnois
Page 629 and 630:
Offaly Manning, C. 1995. Clonmacnoi
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Roscommon Cloongownagh, Co. Roscomm
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Roscommon Lennon, A-M. & Henry, M.
Page 635 and 636:
Roscommon Grid Ref: M78818268 (1788
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Roscommon Fig. 272: Summary of 2004
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Sligo ‘Grange West’ (inc. Bally
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Sligo Sample No. Context 14 C Date
Page 643 and 644:
Sligo Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer
Page 645 and 646:
Sligo Fig. 277: Plan of Promontory
Page 647 and 648:
Sligo Magheraboy, Co. Sligo Early M
Page 649 and 650:
Sligo Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer
Page 651 and 652:
Sligo Period III, a large mound of
Page 653 and 654:
Sligo (No plans were available for
Page 655 and 656:
Sligo Phase 4 was an open stony pla
Page 657 and 658:
Tipperary Bowling Green, Co. Tipper
Page 659 and 660:
Tipperary Cormac’s Chapel, St. Pa
Page 661 and 662:
Tipperary ‘Killederdadrum’ (Lac
Page 663 and 664:
Tipperary cemetery appears to have
Page 665 and 666:
Tipperary Fig. 284: Features excava
Page 667 and 668:
Tipperary Fig. 285: Plan of hut at
Page 669 and 670:
Tyrone Altanagh, Co. Tyrone Early M
Page 671 and 672:
Tyrone Clogher (Clogher Demesne td.
Page 673 and 674:
Tyrone UB-844 Charcoal with iron sm
Page 675 and 676:
Tyrone Fig. 290: Excavated area at
Page 677 and 678:
Tyrone Killyliss, Co. Tyrone Early
Page 679 and 680:
Tyrone Fig. 294: Section through di
Page 681 and 682:
Tyrone Fig. 295: Excavated features
Page 683 and 684:
Waterford Ballykilmurry, Co. Waterf
Page 685 and 686:
Waterford The cave was inhabited so
Page 687 and 688:
Waterford Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Re
Page 689 and 690:
Page 691 and 692:
Waterford The final phase of activi
Page 693 and 694:
Waterford Hiberno-Scandinavian Wate
Page 695 and 696:
Waterford There are a growing numbe
Page 697 and 698:
Waterford reinforced by the additio
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Waterford 1989; Scully 1990). If th
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Waterford Layers of dumped organic
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Waterford At least fourteen plots w
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Waterford Street and High Street is
Page 707 and 708:
Waterford excavated evidence was co
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Waterford Structures were uncovered
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Waterford An excavation at the corn
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Waterford considerable assemblage o
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Waterford al.]; editors: Terry Barr
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Waterford Scully, O. 1992:175. Pete
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Waterford Woodstown 6, Co. Waterfor
Page 721 and 722:
Waterford Stratified rotary sharpen
Page 723 and 724:
Page 725 and 726:
Westmeath County Westmeath Fig. 312
Page 727 and 728:
Westmeath leather, lignite, bone an
Page 729 and 730:
Westmeath were tilting dramatically
Page 731 and 732:
Westmeath Fig. 313: Aerial photogra
Page 733 and 734:
Westmeath structure. Further eviden
Page 735 and 736:
Westmeath Towards the end of the si
Page 737 and 738:
Westmeath Fig. 314: Plan of enclosu
Page 739 and 740:
Westmeath ‘Uisneach’ (Rathnew t
Page 741 and 742:
Wexford County Wexford Fig. 317: Si
Page 743 and 744:
Wicklow County Wicklow Fig. 319: Si
Page 745 and 746:
Wicklow Fig. 320: Plan of sub-recta
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