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Cork Lisduggan North 1, 2 & 3, Co. Cork Early Medieval Settlement Enclosure(s) & Field Systems Grid Refs: R42740326 (142746/103269); R43190338 (143195/103381); R43160335 (143163/103353) SMR Nos: CO023-157; CO023-158; CO023-159 Excavation Licence: E479; E480 Excavation Duration/Year: Summer 1972; Summer 1973 Site Director: D. Twohig & M.J. O’Kelly (University College Cork) Two levelled univallate enclosures situated close together on a south-facing slope of Knocknanuss Hill in Lisduggan North townland were investigated in advance of quarry developments. The excavations identified evidence for a field pattern of banks and ditches which preceded two enclosures, one of which contained evidence for an outer palisade, three buildings together with habitation debris (Lisduggan 1); and the other interpreted as an associated livestock enclosure (Lisduggan 2) (Fig. 75). A further univallate enclosure (Lisduggan 3) in the same townland was excavated in the summer of 1973. Earlier field patterns, as well as another livestock enclosure, were also identified at this site. The excavations established that all three univallate enclosures were preceded by a series of trenches which may have supplied material for a number of adjacent field banks. The linear trenches were of variable width and depths, e.g. a 40m stretch of one linear trench was excavated beneath Lisduggan 3 and was roughly 0.9m deep, 0.58m wide at the bottom and 1.3m wide at the top. The excavations established that these linear trenches had not completely silted up when the three enclosures were built, and that they all appeared to belong to a contemporary field network. No remains of banks adjacent to the linear trenches were identified beneath Lisduggan 1 and Lisduggan 2 though this was explained by disturbances associated with the subsequent ploughing and levelling of the sites. Excavation at Lisduggan 3 identified the remains of a small field bank, surviving to a height of only 0.3m when the enclosure was built. The denuded form of this field bank suggested that it was not longer functional at this time. No artefacts, bone or charcoal were found in the fills of the linear trenches preceding the three enclosures. The pattern of linear trenches was very irregular and is suggestive of more than one small series of fields. The best parallel to this can be found in Co. Limerick at the complexes at Cush (Ó Riordáin 1940) and Lough Gur (Ó Riordáin 1949). Lisduggan 1 was approximately elliptical in plan (60m by 45m), defined by a U-shaped ditch with a depth of 1.2m. Cuttings through its bank and ditch revealed a palisade trench 0.5m wide and 0.3m deep on the outer face of the enclosure bank. The original entrance was located along its southern perimeter and consisted of an entrance causeway about 3m wide with no evidence for postholes or any structures within its vicinity. Every trench opened within the interior produced charcoal and bone to varying extents. The densest habitation deposits was revealed in the southwest quadrant where three houses, identified as dark bands containing a mixture of soil, charcoal and bone and the charred remains of a few postholes, were revealed. House 1 was more or less circular in plan with an average diameter of 6m. House 2 was roughly circular in plan and was situated to the east of House 1. Little over half of this structure was excavated though what was showed that it had roughly the same diameter of House 1. House 3 overlay House 2 and was rectangular in form (7m by 5.5m). The close setting and small diameters (50-80mm) of the surviving postholes of these three structures indicate that they were probably post-and-wattle built. An extensive gravel spread was revealed between the doorways of the three houses. A pit (2m by 1.5m and 0.5m deep) was excavated in the centre of the gravel spread and may have been used to collect and retain run-off rainfall from the spread. Three hearths were also excavated in the south-west quadrant of the enclosure and were located in the vicinity of the houses. None were delimited by stones but were identified as intensely burnt soil mixed with charcoal and animal bone. Various objects including fragments of spindle-whorls, crucibles, 160
Cork flint objects, a rotary quern upper-stone, a blue glass bead, two sherds of E ware, whetstones, a piece of amber, a bronze buckle and iron knives were recovered within the habitation deposits associated with the buildings, hearths and gravel spreads. The very partial remains of two humans as well as a small quantity of fragmentary animal bone were also recovered in these deposits. Lisduggan 2 was roughly circular in plan and had an average diameter of about 50m. The only feature uncovered in this enclosure was a short length of a cobbled pathway. Except for one single flint piece, no structural, artefactual or faunal evidence was uncovered in any of the trenches. A levelled lime-kiln was built into the banks of its enclosure, probably sometime during the nineteenth century. A large number of modern stone-filled drains were also identified cutting both Lisduggan 1 and Lisduggan 2, and appeared to have been built shortly before the two enclosures and lime-kiln were levelled in the nineteenth century. Lisduggan 3 was roughly circular and had an average diameter of 45m internally. The enclosing bank survived to a height of 1.3m above the turf level and at its base had an average width of 6m; it appeared to have been constructed in two phases. The excavated ditch was 0.8m below the turf level and had an average width of 3.5m across the top of the ditch. The enclosure had a causewayed entrance 5m wide along its southwest perimeter, and excavations in the vicinity of this exposed a deliberately laid spread of cobbles and gravel which it was suggested was roughly contemporary with the secondary phase of the enclosing bank. Though the interior had been extensively disturbed by subsequent ridge and furrow cultivation, it was possible to identify a rectangular structure (7m by 6m) in the centre of the enclosure. It was defined by lines of postholes, set at 50-150mm intervals, some containing the charred remains of posts. No evidence of postholes was recovered in the interior of this structure and it was considered unlikely that the vertically set posts would have been strong enough to carry a roof without supports. Except for a blue glass bead, a flint perforator/scraper and a whetstone, there was no evidence for any habitation structures, artefacts or debris within or in the vicinity of the rectangular structure strengthening its interpretation as a livestock pen. Fig. 75: Plan of Lisduggan 1 and 2, Co. Cork (after Twohig 1990, plan 1). Reference: Twohig, D. C. 1990. Excavation of three ring-forts at Lisduggan North, County Cork. Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy Section C, 90C, 1–33. 161
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EARLY MEDIEVAL ARCHAEOLOGY PROJECT
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Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS
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Table of Contents Flemington, Co. D
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Table of Contents Castlefarm, Co. M
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List of Figures LIST OF FIGURES Fig
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List of Figures Fig. 91: Plan of en
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List of Figures Fig. 179: Plan of t
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List of Figures Fig. 269: Map of Cl
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Introduction 1. Introduction EMAP i
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Introduction commonly known by a pa
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Introduction Acknowledgments We wou
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County Antrim Fig. 1: Significant e
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Antrim Fig. 3: Plan of Antiville, C
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Antrim Armoy (Glebe td.), Co. Antri
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Antrim southward (e.g. 2004-2005 se
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Antrim represent a pendant or perso
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Antrim Fig. 4: Plan of Armoy showin
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Antrim Ballyaghagan, Co. Antrim Ear
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Antrim Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reime
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Antrim Fig. 9: Plan of Phase 2 hous
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Antrim Fig. 10: Plan of Ballymacash
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Page 45 and 46:
Antrim Fig. 13: Plan of interior of
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Antrim Fig. 14: Plan of enclosures
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Antrim Radiocarbon Dates (PJ Reimer
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Antrim Fig. 16: Plan of Ballyvollen
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Antrim Ballywee, Co. Antrim Early M
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Page 57 and 58:
Antrim Fig. 18: Site plan of excava
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Antrim ‘Craig Hill’ (Craig td.)
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Antrim Fig. 21: Plan of Craigywarre
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Antrim The mound was subsequently r
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Page 67 and 68:
Antrim ‘Doonmore’ (Cross td.),
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Antrim Fig. 25: Plan of House III a
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Antrim Fig. 26: Phase I occupation
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Antrim Dunsilly, Co. Antrim Early M
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Antrim 53
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Antrim References: Harper, A. E. T.
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Antrim ‘Larrybane’ (Knocksoghey
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Antrim Fig. 33: Plan of excavated a
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Antrim Fig. 35: Phase 1 roundhouse
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Antrim Fig. 36: Plan of interior of
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Antrim Fig. 37: Plan of Seacash, Co
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Antrim Shane’s Castle Park, Co. A
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Armagh County Armagh Fig. 39: Signi
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Armagh Fig. 40: Early Medieval exca
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Armagh Fig. 42: Excavations at Abbe
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Armagh Derry More, Co. Armagh Early
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Armagh Fig. 45: ‘Figure-of-eight
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Armagh Terryhoogan, Co. Armagh Earl
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Clare ‘Beal Boru’ (Ballyvally t
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Clare Fig. 48: Plan of excavated ar
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Clare The Harvard excavators identi
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Clare Cahircalla More, Co. Clare Ea
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Clare Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer
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Clare Clonmoney West, Co. Clare Ear
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Clare were associated with glass fr
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Clare The main and only major occup
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Clare Gragan West, Co. Clare Early
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Clare Inishcealtra, Co. Clare Eccle
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Clare Medieval Activity Significant
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Clare Fig. 54: Excavated areas of I
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Clare Fig. 55: Plan showing enclosu
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Clare Fig. 56: Plan of Thady’s Fo
Page 131 and 132: Cork Ballyarra, Co. Cork Unenclosed
Page 133 and 134: Cork Ballycatteen Fort, Co. Cork Ea
Page 135 and 136: Cork Fig. 59: Plan of Ballycatteen,
Page 137 and 138: Cork Structure III was a small buil
Page 139 and 140: Cork to the southern flat area of t
Page 141 and 142: Cork L-shaped enclosure Beta-165323
Page 143 and 144: Cork Fig. 61: Plan of St. Gobnet’
Page 145 and 146: Cork Fig. 62: Plan of enclosure and
Page 147 and 148: Cork layer of charcoal. The layer o
Page 149: Cork diagnostic furnace bottoms, or
Page 152 and 153: Cork Fig. 64: Plan of primary phase
Page 154 and 155: Cork Fig. 65: Plan of excavations a
Page 156 and 157: Cork The following is based on gene
Page 158 and 159: Cork Fig. 67: Plan of Scandinavian
Page 160 and 161: Cork low-lying marshy location of S
Page 162 and 163: Cork replaced part of the waterfron
Page 164 and 165: Cork property boundaries were align
Page 166 and 167: Cork and smaller plots. Type 4 buil
Page 168 and 169: Cork The remains of a Type 6 sill-b
Page 170 and 171: Cork References: Bradley, J., & Hal
Page 172 and 173: Cork Lennon, A. M. 2003. Grattan St
Page 174 and 175: Cork the point of a copper-alloy st
Page 176 and 177: Cork Garryduff I & II, Garryduff, C
Page 178 and 179: Cork Fig. 73: Plan of excavation at
Page 180 and 181: Cork charred oat grains and one cha
Page 184 and 185: Cork Lisleagh II, Co. Cork Early Me
Page 186 and 187: Cork ‘Lisnacaheragh Fort’ (Garr
Page 188 and 189: Cork Fig. 77: Plan of Garranes, Co.
Page 190 and 191: Cork It appears that the three sout
Page 192 and 193: Cork Oldcourt, Co. Cork Early Medie
Page 194 and 195: Cork Park North, Midleton, Co. Cork
Page 196 and 197: Cork Raheens I, Co. Cork Early Medi
Page 198 and 199: Cork Raheens II, Co. Cork Early Med
Page 200 and 201: Cork Skahanagh North, Co. Cork Earl
Page 202 and 203: Donegal County Donegal Fig. 83: Sig
Page 204 and 205: Donegal Rinnaraw, Co. Donegal Early
Page 206 and 207: Donegal Fig. 86: Plan of ‘byre-ho
Page 208 and 209: Down County Down Fig. 88: Significa
Page 210 and 211: Down Fig. 89: Excavated areas at Ba
Page 212 and 213: Down Castleskreen Co. Down Early Me
Page 214 and 215: Down Fig. 93: Aerial photograph of
Page 216 and 217: Down Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer,
Page 218 and 219: Down Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer,
Page 220 and 221: Down Fig. 97: Structures in South P
Page 222 and 223: Down Fig. 98: Plan of Dunnyneill Is
Page 224 and 225: Down Gransha, Co. Down Early Mediev
Page 226 and 227: Down Lough Faughan Crannog (Ballyro
Page 228 and 229: Down Movilla Abbey, Co. Down Early
Page 230 and 231: Down Two medieval wells were excava
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Down Rathmullan Lower, Co. Down Ear
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Down Fig. 104: Plan of Phase 1 at R
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Down Tullylish, Co. Down Early Medi
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Down ‘White Fort’ (Drumaroad td
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Down Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer,
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Dublin Ballycullen, Old Court, Co.
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Dublin Ballynakelly, Co. Dublin Ear
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Dublin Areas’ D and E were simila
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Dublin Barnageeragh, Co. Dublin Ear
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Dublin Fig. 110: Settlement Enclosu
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Dublin Cherrywood (Site 18), Co. Du
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Dublin Fig. 113: Plan of Scandinavi
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Dublin Also, 55 E ware sherds, from
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Dublin ‘Dun Emer’, Lusk, Co. Du
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Dublin Fig. 117: Dun Emer Reconstru
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Dublin Flemington, Co. Dublin Early
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Dublin Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reime
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Dublin Fig. 120: Plan of Lusk (Afte
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Dublin Temple Bar West Grid referen
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Dublin Fig. 122: Plan of ninth-cent
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Dublin Fig. 124: Plan of eleventh-c
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Dublin century, was 2.5m wide and 0
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Dublin Fig. 126: Plan of ‘road’
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Dublin Murray’s (1983, 43-57) stu
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Dublin Fig. 131: Plan of Type 5 Hou
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Dublin Two structures (‘E’ and
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Dublin Simpson, L. 1999. Director's
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Dublin Fig. 132: Aerial photograph
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Dublin The final phase was associat
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Dublin Rosepark, Co. Dublin 1. Earl
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Dublin Fig. 135: Phase II at Rosepa
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Dublin ‘St Gobban’, Kilgobbin,
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Dublin St Michael le Pole Ecclesias
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Dublin and significantly, the archa
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Dublin accurate, it further points
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Dublin Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reime
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Fermanagh County Fermanagh Fig. 141
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Fermanagh and measured approximatel
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Fermanagh Fig. 142: Schematic Plan
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Fermanagh Fig. 143: Enclosure at Bo
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Fermanagh Fig. 144: Excavated area
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Fermanagh Fig. 146: Plan of Lisdoo,
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Galway County Galway Fig. 148: Sign
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Galway Fig. 150: Plan of corner of
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Galway Fig. 151: Plan of enclosure
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Galway UB-7433 Adult female 954±31
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Galway Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reime
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Galway Fig. 153: Plan of early medi
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Galway Fig. 154: Cells and church a
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Galway isolated trench immediately
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Galway from the early medieval peri
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Galway Loughbown (1), Co. Galway Ea
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Galway Loughbown (2), Co. Galway Ea
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Galway Mackney, Co. Galway Early Me
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Galway Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reime
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Galway Fig. 159: Excavated area at
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Kerry County Kerry Fig. 160: Signif
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Kerry Radiocarbon dates support thi
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Kerry screen) that demarcated the c
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Kerry Ballyegan, Co. Kerry Early Me
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Kerry Beginish, Co. Kerry Early Med
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Kerry Fig. 163: Plan of House 1 at
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Kerry width) appears to have origin
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Kerry The fifteenth- to seventeenth
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Kerry Caherlehillan, Co. Kerry Earl
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Kerry 1996a, 1999b, 2000). This lat
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Kerry References Doyle, I. 2009. Me
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Kerry Church Island (Ballycarbery W
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Kerry included two hammer-stones, p
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Kerry Fig. 169: Plan of House 2, Ch
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Kerry Fig. 170: Plan of Clogher, Co
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Kerry A number of finds possibly as
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Kerry Fig. 171: Plan of cave at Clo
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Kerry Coarhabeg, Valentia Island Ea
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Kerry Dromthacker, Co. Kerry Early
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Kerry Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer
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Kerry nineteenth century and it is
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Kerry Fig. 177: Plan of rampart and
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Kerry Illaunloughan, Co. Kerry Earl
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Kerry Fig. 179: Plan of the Phase 1
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Kerry ‘Leacanabuaile’ (Kimego W
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Kerry Fig. 181: Plan of Leacanabuil
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Kerry Fig. 182: Aerial photograph o
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Kerry stones in the southeast and s
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Kerry surviving to a height of 0.90
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Kerry Fig. 185: Plan of Structures
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Kildare Killickaweeny, Co. Kildare
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Kildare close to Structure 1. It co
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Kildare ‘Maynooth Castle’ (Mayn
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Kildare Narraghmore, Co. Kildare Ea
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Kildare Pollardstown, Co. Kildare E
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Kilkenny Dunbell Big (5), Co. Kilke
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Kilkenny Dunbell Big (6), Co. Kilke
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Kilkenny Reference: Murthagh, B. 19
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Kilkenny A series of linear feature
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Kilkenny Loughboy, Co. Kilkenny Ear
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Laois County Laois Fig. 195: Signif
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Laois Fig. 196: Features at Parknah
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Limerick County Limerick Fig. 197:
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Limerick Fig. 198: Plan of house fo
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Limerick backfilled deposit. The me
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Limerick ‘Carraig Aille I’ (Lou
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Limerick ‘Carraig Aille II’ (Lo
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Limerick Fig. 202: Plan of Carraig
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Limerick Finds from these houses an
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Limerick Fig. 204: Excavated featur
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Limerick corner of the excavated ar
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Limerick the ‘enclosure’ is the
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Limerick was faced with stone. Ther
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Limerick Grange, Co. Limerick Early
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Limerick Fig. 207: Excavated areas
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Limerick no wattle- or postholes an
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Limerick Newtown, Co. Limerick Earl
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Limerick Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Rei
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Limerick Two burials were uncovered
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Limerick Sluggary, Co. Limerick Ear
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Londonderry County Londonderry Fig.
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Londonderry Fig. 214: Plan of house
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Londonderry Fig. 215: Early medieva
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Londonderry Magheramenagh, Co. Lond
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Londonderry Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ
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Longford Aghadegnan, Co. Longford E
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Longford References: Carroll, J. 19
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Louth Balgatheran 1, Co. Louth Earl
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Louth Balriggan, Co. Louth Early Me
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Louth Balriggan was a large multi-p
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Louth Carn More, Co. Louth Early Me
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Louth Faughart Lower, Co. Louth Ear
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Louth 65-82. Dublin. National Roads
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Louth through the ditch showed that
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Louth ‘Lissachiggel’, Doolargy,
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Louth Fig. 224: Detailed plan of ho
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Louth Archaeological investigations
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Louth central, L-shaped island of n
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Louth Fig. 227: Plan of Marshes Upp
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Louth Millockstown, Co. Louth Early
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Louth Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer
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Louth Fig. 229: Photograph of soute
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Mayo County Mayo Fig. 230: Signific
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Mayo Bofeenaun, Co. Mayo Early Medi
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Mayo Carrowkeel, Co. Mayo Early Med
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Mayo Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer,
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Mayo Fig. 234: Plan of ecclesiastic
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Mayo Letterkeen, Co. Mayo Early Med
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Mayo Fig. 237: Features near entran
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Mayo Fig. 238: Plan of excavated ar
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Mayo Moyne, Co. Mayo Early Medieval
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Meath County Meath Fig. 241: Signif
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Meath Fig. 242: Plan of excavations
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Meath Fig. 243: Plan of Augherskea,
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Meath was the burial of a horse’s
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Meath Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer
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Meath Betaghstown (Bettystown), Co.
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Meath Boolies Little, Co. Meath Ear
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Meath Castlefarm, Co. Meath Early M
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Meath Fig. 246: Enclosures at Castl
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Meath Cloncowan, Co. Meath Early Me
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Meath Collierstown 1, Co. Meath Ear
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Meath The Phase III enclosure consi
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Meath Fig. 249: Excavations at Colp
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Meath Fig. 250: Enclosures at Colp
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Meath Cormeen, Co. Meath Early Medi
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Meath fragment and frequent flint i
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Meath Fig. 252: Phases of enclosure
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Meath Johnstown 1, Co. Meath Early
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Page 569 and 570:
Meath Kells, Co. Meath Early Mediev
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Meath Fifty two burials were reveal
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Meath Knowth, Co. Meath 1. Early Me
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Meath Period II occupation probably
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Meath References: Comber, M. 1997.
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Meath Fig. 258: Plan of enclosure a
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Meath Phase W was occupied c. A.D.
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Meath populated with good grazing l
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Meath Nevinstown, Co. Meath Early M
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Meath graves and were oriented slig
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Meath Immediately to the west was a
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Meath Kelly, E. P. 1976:020. Randal
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Meath miscellaneous scraps of metal
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Meath Beta-196366 Bone from linear
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Meath Raystown, Co. Meath Early Med
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Meath Raystown included evidence of
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Meath Roestown 2, Co. Meath Early M
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Meath Fig. 263: Phases from Roestow
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Meath St. Anne’s Chapel (Randalst
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Meath Simonstown, Co. Meath Early M
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Monaghan County Monaghan Fig. 264:
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Monaghan north-east of the inner en
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Offaly ‘Ballinderry II’ (Ballyn
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Offaly The early medieval crannog a
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Offaly Ballintemple, Co. Offaly Ear
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Offaly Clonmacnoise, Co. Offaly Ear
Page 625 and 626:
Offaly A later roundhouse (7m diame
Page 627 and 628:
Offaly Fig. 269: Map of Clonmacnois
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Offaly Manning, C. 1995. Clonmacnoi
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Roscommon Cloongownagh, Co. Roscomm
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Roscommon Lennon, A-M. & Henry, M.
Page 635 and 636:
Roscommon Grid Ref: M78818268 (1788
Page 637 and 638:
Roscommon Fig. 272: Summary of 2004
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Sligo ‘Grange West’ (inc. Bally
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Sligo Sample No. Context 14 C Date
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Sligo Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer
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Sligo Fig. 277: Plan of Promontory
Page 647 and 648:
Sligo Magheraboy, Co. Sligo Early M
Page 649 and 650:
Sligo Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer
Page 651 and 652:
Sligo Period III, a large mound of
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Sligo (No plans were available for
Page 655 and 656:
Sligo Phase 4 was an open stony pla
Page 657 and 658:
Tipperary Bowling Green, Co. Tipper
Page 659 and 660:
Tipperary Cormac’s Chapel, St. Pa
Page 661 and 662:
Tipperary ‘Killederdadrum’ (Lac
Page 663 and 664:
Tipperary cemetery appears to have
Page 665 and 666:
Tipperary Fig. 284: Features excava
Page 667 and 668:
Tipperary Fig. 285: Plan of hut at
Page 669 and 670:
Tyrone Altanagh, Co. Tyrone Early M
Page 671 and 672:
Tyrone Clogher (Clogher Demesne td.
Page 673 and 674:
Tyrone UB-844 Charcoal with iron sm
Page 675 and 676:
Tyrone Fig. 290: Excavated area at
Page 677 and 678:
Tyrone Killyliss, Co. Tyrone Early
Page 679 and 680:
Tyrone Fig. 294: Section through di
Page 681 and 682:
Tyrone Fig. 295: Excavated features
Page 683 and 684:
Waterford Ballykilmurry, Co. Waterf
Page 685 and 686:
Waterford The cave was inhabited so
Page 687 and 688:
Waterford Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Re
Page 689 and 690:
Page 691 and 692:
Waterford The final phase of activi
Page 693 and 694:
Waterford Hiberno-Scandinavian Wate
Page 695 and 696:
Waterford There are a growing numbe
Page 697 and 698:
Waterford reinforced by the additio
Page 699 and 700:
Waterford 1989; Scully 1990). If th
Page 701 and 702:
Waterford Layers of dumped organic
Page 703 and 704:
Waterford At least fourteen plots w
Page 705 and 706:
Waterford Street and High Street is
Page 707 and 708:
Waterford excavated evidence was co
Page 709 and 710:
Waterford Structures were uncovered
Page 711 and 712:
Waterford An excavation at the corn
Page 713 and 714:
Waterford considerable assemblage o
Page 715 and 716:
Waterford al.]; editors: Terry Barr
Page 717 and 718:
Waterford Scully, O. 1992:175. Pete
Page 719 and 720:
Waterford Woodstown 6, Co. Waterfor
Page 721 and 722:
Waterford Stratified rotary sharpen
Page 723 and 724:
Page 725 and 726:
Westmeath County Westmeath Fig. 312
Page 727 and 728:
Westmeath leather, lignite, bone an
Page 729 and 730:
Westmeath were tilting dramatically
Page 731 and 732:
Westmeath Fig. 313: Aerial photogra
Page 733 and 734:
Westmeath structure. Further eviden
Page 735 and 736:
Westmeath Towards the end of the si
Page 737 and 738:
Westmeath Fig. 314: Plan of enclosu
Page 739 and 740:
Westmeath ‘Uisneach’ (Rathnew t
Page 741 and 742:
Wexford County Wexford Fig. 317: Si
Page 743 and 744:
Wicklow County Wicklow Fig. 319: Si
Page 745 and 746:
Wicklow Fig. 320: Plan of sub-recta
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