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Westmeath rectangular house, as the timbers were quite complex and skilfully worked, perhaps similar to timber houses in Hiberno-Scandinavian Dublin. There were enormous quantities of animal bone on the site. Finds from this phase included two socketed spearheads, a decorated iron bill-hook, an iron tub hoop, an iron staple, nails, knife-blade fragment, metalworking detritus, two stone hones, a decorated comb, wooden vessels, wooden carding comb, two wooden paddles. There was an assemblage of artefacts that were of a distinctively Viking character; including a Viking long bow, two iron Viking spearheads, an iron Viking sword, an iron Viking battle axe, two glass linen smoothers and an iron strike-a-light. There was also a collection of objects that could be described as Hiberno-Scandinavian (with good parallels from tenthcentury Dublin), including a decorated yew-wood gaming board, motif pieces, a kite brooch, ringed pins, a hanging lamp, a wooden zoomorphic terminal and a copper-alloy strap end. Interestingly, the artefacts could be both interpreted as male (i.e. weaponry) and female (i.e. carding comb, linen smoothers) in character. Phase 2 – Primary crannog (early to mid eleventh-century AD) Phase 2 sees the building and occupation of a ‘classic’, but modestly sized crannog, with a circular palisade (15m diameter), a house and a surrounding timber decking. A deposit of sterile, black peat was laid over the previous occupation. At the centre of the crannog was a medium-sized, circular house (House 1), measuring 5m in diameter, constructed of vertical posts with a possible entrance facing towards the south. The house’s floor was a brushwood layer, with a wattle screen and a thin layer of clay suggesting that it was renewed. The house was surrounded (and eccentrically placed within) by a pennanular area of timbers laid concentrically to it. This appears to have been a timber walkway or decking around the house (15m in diameter). Human bones were found in the substructure of Phase 2. Finds from the substructure of Phase 2 included copper-alloy pin fragments, a plain-ringed, loop-headed pin, two tanged knives, a stone hone, a leather shoe and a pig-fibula pin, a decorated wooden motif piece, stave-built vessels, a wooden ladle, a boat fragment (probably a knee from a dugout boat) and paddle. Finds from the occupation layer of Phase 2 included a copper-alloy strip, a wooden tub, an iron plough coulter, a socketed pronged tool (probably used for leather working), two iron rings, a lignite bracelet fragment, a double-sided bone comb and a leather off-cut. Finds from the earliest phase of the house included a plain, copper-alloy, pennanular brooch (tenth century type), a bronze pin, hones, an antler tip and a blue glass bracelet. Finds from the intermediate phase of the house included a silver kiteshaped brooch, three ringed pins, two bone combs, a millstone, hones, wooden containers. Finds from the final phase of the house included an iron spearhead and a single-sided comb. Phase 3 – Primary crannog (mid eleventh-century AD) Phase 3 sees the construction of an enlarged crannog, with a massive pile palisade (26m by 32m), a defined entrance to the southeast, a quay and a brushwood floor. The internal area of the crannog saw the deposition of a sterile peat layer over the whole area, burying the previous, abandoned house. A wattle screen was laid down and the site was enlarged to the east with layers of peat and brushwood. Indeed, the crannog was prone to slumping towards the east and many more layers were added there. The entrance was quite elaborate, with a passageway of posts lining the entrance area on either side. There was also a gatepost with a bar-hole to the southwest, indicating the use of a gate. Phase 4 – Reconditioning of site (mid to late eleventh-century AD) Phase 4 saw the reconditioning of the crannog, with the use of two houses, the repair of the palisade, the blocking of the entrance and the growing importance of the quay (suggesting that the crannog was now surrounded by water). The interior of the site was levelled off with peat and branches. There were various hearths within the site which have been interpreted as the floor of houses. There was a large, centrally placed ‘hearth’ of ashes that developed in two stages. This could have been a rectangular house floor. There was also two hearths at the northeast edge of the site (Hencken’s House II and House III), with rectilinear plank floors and fireplaces. An oak plank palisade was inserted in those places where the pile palisade was in need of repair, particularly on the eastern side of the site (where the piles were tilting dramatically). Finds from this phase included (Hencken’s group 2, 3, 4) an iron 640
Westmeath knife, a crutch-head ringed pin, a boat fragment, a bone pin and a wooden tub. It is also possible that a bronze hanging lamp was lost outside the palisade at this stage. Phase5 – Site abandonment (late eleventh-century AD) Phase 5 sees the abandonment of the crannog, with a dark humus developing over the late hearths. There was a layer of gravel over this, which was succeeded by a thick superficial layer. There was some transitory activity on the site in the late middle ages, with a thirteenth-century axe-head deposited outside the crannog near the quay. References: Hencken, H. O’N. 1933. A gaming board of the Viking Age. Acta Archaeologica, 4, 85–104. Hencken, H. O’N. 1936. Ballinderry crannóg no. 1. Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy Section C, 43C, 103–239. Johnson, R. 1999. Ballinderry crannóg No. 1: a reinterpretation. Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy Section C, 99C, 23–71. Lynn, C. J. 1985-6. Lagore, County Meath and Ballinderry No. I, County Westmeath crannógs: some possible structural reinterpretations. Journal of Irish Archaeology, 3, 69–73. Newman, C. 1986. The archaeology of Ballinderry Lough. Unpublished MA thesis, NUI. O’Sullivan, A. 2003. The Harvard Archaeological Mission and the politics of the Irish Free State. Archaeology Ireland, 63, 20–3. 641
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E ARLY M EDIEVAL A RCHAEOLOGY P ROJ
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Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS
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Table of Contents St Michael le Pol
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Table of Contents Knowth Site M, Co
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List of Figures LIST OF FIGURES Fig
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List of Figures Fig. 92: Excavated
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List of Figures Fig. 183: Plan of h
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List of Figures Fig. 270: Significa
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Introduction 1.1 Description of thi
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Introduction Fig. 1: Key to symbols
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Introduction (commonly referred to
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Introduction References: Campbell,
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County Antrim Fig. 2: Significant e
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Antrim Fig. 4: Plan of Antiville, C
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Antrim Ballyaghagan, Co. Antrim Ear
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Antrim Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reime
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Antrim Fig. 8: Plan of Phase 2 hous
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Antrim Fig. 9: Plan of Ballymacash,
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Antrim Fig. 12: Plan of interior of
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Antrim Fig. 13: Plan of enclosures
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Antrim Radiocarbon Dates (PJ Reimer
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Antrim Fig. 15: Plan of Ballyvollen
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Antrim Ballywee, Co. Antrim Early M
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Antrim Fig. 17: Site plan of excava
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Antrim ‘Craig Hill’ (Craig td.)
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Antrim Fig. 20: Plan of Craigywarre
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Antrim The mound was subsequently r
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Antrim ‘Doonmore’ (Cross td.),
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Antrim Fig. 24: Plan of House III a
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Antrim Fig. 25: Phase I occupation
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Antrim Dunsilly, Co. Antrim Early M
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Antrim Killealy, Co. Antrim Early M
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Antrim ‘Langford Lodge’ (Gartre
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Antrim Lissue, Co. Antrim Early Med
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Antrim ‘Meadowbank’ (Jordanstow
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Antrim Rathbeg, Co. Antrim Early Me
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Antrim Seacash, Co. Antrim Early Me
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Antrim Fig. 37: Plan of interior of
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Armagh Armagh (Armagh City td.), Co
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Armagh Fig. 40: Excavations at Cast
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Armagh Radiocarbon Dates: Abbey Str
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Armagh Dressogagh, Co. Armagh Early
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Armagh Terryhoogan, Co. Armagh Earl
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Clare ‘Beal Boru’ (Ballyvally t
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Clare Fig. 47: Plan of excavated ar
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Clare The Harvard excavators identi
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Clare Cahircalla More, Co. Clare Ea
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Clare Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer
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Clare Clonmoney West, Co. Clare Ear
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Clare were associated with glass fr
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Clare wooden bucket, as well as Bro
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Clare Gragan West, Co. Clare Early
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Clare Inishcealtra, Co. Clare Eccle
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Clare Medieval Activity Significant
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Clare Fig. 53: Excavated areas of I
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Clare Fig. 54: Plan showing enclosu
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Clare Fig. 55: Plan of Thady’s Fo
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Cork Ballyarra, Co. Cork Unenclosed
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Cork shape was not able to be infer
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Cork ‘St. Gobnet’s House’ (Gl
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Cork Banduff, Co. Cork Early Mediev
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Cork Barrees Valley, Co. Cork Early
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Cork Brigown, Co. Cork Early Mediev
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Cork Carrigaline Middle, Co. Cork E
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Cork Fig. 62: Plan of primary phase
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Cork Fig. 63: Plan of excavations a
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Cork The following is based on gene
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Cork Fig. 66: Excavated areas on th
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Cork apart at one of the lowest lev
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Cork The Scandinavian main street o
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Cork Fig. 68: 11-13 Washington Stre
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Cork Fig. 69: Hanover Street/South
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Cork Twelfth century bone-working i
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Cork Hurley, M. F. 1995. Excavation
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Cork Curraheen, Co. Cork Early Medi
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Cork Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer,
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Cork barrel-padlock and an anvil; a
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Cork Killanully, Co. Cork Early Med
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Cork Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer,
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Cork flint objects, a rotary quern
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Cork number of post pits and stakeh
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Cork bronze button, bronze brooch,
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Cork ‘Lisnagun’ (Darrary td.),
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Cork Fig. 76: Plan of interior of L
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Cork bracelet, a segmented bead of
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Cork Fig. 78: Excavated areas in Mi
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Cork A total of thirteen struck fli
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Cork A small number of un-stratifie
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Cork sequence of fire debris. The p
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Donegal Dooey, Co. Donegal Early Me
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Donegal Fig. 82: Plan of Rinnaraw C
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Donegal Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reim
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Down Ballyfounder, Co. Down Early M
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Down Ballywillwill, Co. Down Early
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Down ‘Clea Lakes’ (Tullyveery t
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Down Crossnacreevy, Co. Down Early
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Down Drumadonnell, Co. Down Early M
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Down Duneight, Co. Down Early Medie
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Down ‘Dunnyneil Island’ (Dunnyn
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Down Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer,
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Down Fig. 98: Section of Gransha sh
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Down spreads of gravel and some fir
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Down Fig. 100: Section of Rathmulla
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Down Fig. 103: Excavation at White
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Dublin County Dublin Fig. 105: Sign
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Dublin Ballyman, Co. Dublin Early M
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Dublin Cherrywood (Site 18), Co. Du
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Dublin Fig. 107: Plan of Scandinavi
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Dublin interface of this layer and
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Dublin Scandinavian/Hiberno-Scandin
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Dublin The following is based on ge
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Dublin 1999, 27). Similarly dated s
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Dublin Eleventh Century (Fig. 113)
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Dublin Evidence for two stone walls
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Dublin Fig. 116. Reconstruction of
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Dublin Fig. 118: Plan of Type-2 Hou
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Dublin Excavations occurred directl
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Dublin An amber and jet workshop wa
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Dublin Glebe (Site 43), Co. Dublin
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Dublin ‘Mount Offaly’, Cabintee
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Dublin Fig. 122: Phases at Mount Of
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Dublin a continuation of Ditch C an
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Dublin Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reime
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Dublin were suggestive of a number
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Dublin Dubhlinn - a large natural p
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Dublin Scandinavian warrior burial
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Dublin Fig. 128: Plan of excavation
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Dublin Gowen, M. 2001. Excavations
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Fermanagh ‘Boho’ (Carn td.), Co
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Fermanagh Coolcran, Co. Fermanagh E
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Fermanagh ‘Lisdoo’ (Castle Balf
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Fermanagh Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Re
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Galway Ballybrit, Co. Galway Early
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Galway Carrowkeel, Co. Galway Early
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Galway Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reime
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Galway Doonloughan, Co. Galway Earl
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Galway ‘Feerwore Rath’ (Turoe t
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Galway High Island, Co. Galway Earl
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Galway Loughbown (1), Co. Galway Ea
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Galway Loughbown (2), Co. Galway Ea
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Galway Mackney, Co. Galway Early Me
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Galway Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reime
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Galway Fig. 146: Excavated area at
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Kerry County Kerry Fig. 147: Signif
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Kerry Fig. 148: Plan of site showin
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Kerry unique mix of architectural c
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Kerry Bray Head, Valentia Island Ea
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Kerry House 9 was located at the so
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Kerry Fig. 151: Plan of early medie
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Kerry to retain insulating sod for
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Kerry Fig. 152: Plan of Church Isla
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Kerry Clogher, Lixnaw, Co. Kerry Ea
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Kerry Cloghermore, Co. Kerry Cave G
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Kerry Many of the latest burials fr
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Kerry A.D. 912-970 Beta-137046 Huma
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Kerry Fig. 158: Plan of Coarhabeg c
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Kerry Fig. 159: Plan of Phase 1 hou
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Kerry ‘Dunbeg Fort’ (Fahan td.)
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Kerry A stone flagged path linked t
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Kerry Radiocarbon Dates: Sample No.
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Kerry inside and on top of the cist
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Kerry Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer
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Kerry House C was a rectangular bui
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Kerry Loher, Co. Kerry Early Mediev
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Kerry Reask, Co. Kerry Early Mediev
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Kerry was excavated within the inte
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Kerry Fig. 168: Plan of Reask, Co.
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Kerry References: Fanning, T. 1973.
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Kildare Killickaweeny, Co. Kildare
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Kildare Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reim
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Kildare Fig. 173: Prehistoric and e
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Kildare Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reim
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Kilkenny County Kilkenny Fig. 176:
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Kilkenny Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Rei
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Kilkenny ‘Kilkenny Castle’ (Duk
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Kilkenny ‘Leggetsrath’ (Blanchf
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Kilkenny Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Rei
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Kilkenny Radiocarbon Dates (PJ Reim
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Laois Parknahown, Co. Laois Early M
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Laois Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer
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Limerick Ballyduff, Co. Limerick Ea
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Limerick Ballynagallagh, Co. Limeri
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Limerick Fig. 185: Ditch and palisa
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Limerick Fig. 186: Plan of Carraig
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Limerick shade from light to dark-b
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Limerick The ‘Spectacles’ (Loug
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Limerick Coonagh West, Co. Limerick
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Limerick Croom East, Co. Limerick E
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Limerick Cush, Co. Limerick Early M
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Limerick house which utilized the t
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Limerick 4, Cush 6 and Cush 7 with
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Limerick The sites at Ballingoola (
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Limerick Knockea, Co. Limerick Earl
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Limerick Fig. 193: Plan of Phase 1
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Limerick about thirty). The last th
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Limerick Raheennamadra, Co. Limeric
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Limerick Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Rei
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Limerick Fig. 196: Plan of Sluggary
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Londonderry Big Glebe, Co. Londonde
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Londonderry Corrstown, Co. Londonde
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Londonderry Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ
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Londonderry Oughtymore, Co. Londond
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Longford County Longford Fig. 202:
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Longford Fig. 203: Excavated areas
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Louth County Louth Fig. 204: Signif
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Louth A stone-lined oval kiln, with
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Louth The north-eastern area within
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Louth O’Hara, R. 2009. Early medi
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Louth Delaney, S. 2010. An early me
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Louth made from bronze, iron and bo
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Louth Archaeological monitoring of
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Louth ‘Lissachiggel’, Doolargy,
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Louth Fig. 209: Detailed plan of ho
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Louth Archaeological investigations
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Louth central, L-shaped island of n
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Louth Fig. 212: Plan of Marshes Upp
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Louth Millockstown, Co. Louth Early
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Louth Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer
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Louth Fig. 214: Photograph of soute
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Mayo County Mayo Fig. 215: Signific
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Mayo Bofeenaun, Co. Mayo Early Medi
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Mayo Carrowkeel, Co. Mayo Early Med
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Mayo Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer,
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Mayo Fig. 219: Plan of ecclesiastic
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Mayo Letterkeen, Co. Mayo Early Med
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Mayo Fig. 222: Features near entran
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Mayo Fig. 223: Plan of excavated ar
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Mayo Moyne, Co. Mayo Early Medieval
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Meath County Meath Fig. 226: Signif
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Meath Fig. 227: Plan of excavations
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Meath Fig. 228: Plan of Augherskea,
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Meath possibly a foundation deposit
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Meath Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer
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Meath Betaghstown (Bettystown), Co.
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Meath Boolies Little, Co. Meath Ear
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Meath Castlefarm, Co. Meath Early M
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Meath Fig. 231: Enclosures at Castl
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Meath Cloncowan, Co. Meath Early Me
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Meath Collierstown 1, Co. Meath Ear
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Meath enclosure. This ditch contain
Page 496 and 497:
Page 498 and 499:
Meath Fig. 234: Excavations at Colp
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Meath Fig. 235: Enclosures at Colp
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Meath Cormeen, Co. Meath Early Medi
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Meath bone and finds were few. The
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Meath Fig. 237: Phases of enclosure
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Meath Johnstown 1, Co. Meath Early
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Meath Knowth Site M, Co. Meath Earl
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Meath belt buckles, bone combs and
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Meath Lagore (Lagore Big td.), Co.
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Meath similar huge amounts being re
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Meath ‘Madden’s Hill’, Kiltal
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Meath Moynagh Lough, Co. Meath Earl
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Meath spreads of animal bone were u
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Meath Nevinstown, Co. Meath Early M
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Meath disturbed burial appeared to
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Meath layer of fire-reddened or bur
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Meath Kelly, E. P. 1981. A short st
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Meath suggests a network of trade a
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Meath Beta-196366 Bone from linear
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Meath Raystown, Co. Meath Early Med
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Meath former cereal-drying kiln. Th
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Meath Roestown 2, Co. Meath Early M
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Meath Fig. 248: Phases from Roestow
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Meath St. Anne’s Chapel (Randalst
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Meath Simonstown, Co. Meath Early M
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Monaghan County Monaghan Fig. 249:
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Monaghan have been used for storage
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Offaly ‘Ballinderry II’ (Ballyn
Page 562 and 563:
Offaly pins (ninth/tenth century da
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Offaly Ballintemple, Co. Offaly Ear
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Offaly Clonmacnoise, Co. Offaly Ear
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Offaly References: Boland, D. & O'S
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Roscommon Cloongownagh, Co. Roscomm
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Roscommon ‘Rathcroghan’, Co. Ro
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Roscommon Tulsk, Co. Roscommon Earl
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Sligo County Sligo Fig. 258: Signif
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Sligo Fig. 259: Post-built structur
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Sligo Inishmurray, Co. Sligo Early
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Sligo Knoxspark, Co. Sligo Early Me
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Sligo References: Mount, C. 1994:20
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Sligo Fig. 262: Outline plan of Mag
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Sligo ‘Rathtinaun’ (Lough Gara
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Sligo discs and 1 rotary quern. The
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Sligo Sroove (Lough Gara td.), Co.
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Tipperary County Tipperary Fig. 264
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Tipperary Fig. 265: Plan of Bowling
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Tipperary saw the building of the p
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Tipperary stones, apparently the bo
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Tipperary Killoran (31), Co. Limeri
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Tipperary Killoran 66, Co. Tipperar
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Tyrone County Tyrone Fig. 270: Sign
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Tyrone Fig. 272: Early medieval Pha
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Tyrone Fig. 273: Excavation plan of
Page 612 and 613:
Tyrone Dunmisk, Co. Tyrone Early Me
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Tyrone Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reime
Page 616 and 617: Tyrone Fig. 276: Excavated area at
Page 618 and 619: Tyrone Mullaghbane, Co. Tyrone Earl
Page 620 and 621: Waterford County Waterford Fig. 280
Page 622 and 623: Waterford Kilgreany, Co. Waterford
Page 624 and 625: Waterford Fig. 282: Plan of Kilgrea
Page 626 and 627: Waterford Kill St. Lawrence, Co. Wa
Page 628 and 629: Waterford ‘Kiltera’ (Dromore td
Page 630 and 631: Waterford Fig. 283: Plan of Kiltera
Page 632 and 633: Waterford Little Patrick Street/Bar
Page 634 and 635: Waterford Ireland and took up at Po
Page 636 and 637: Waterford There is very little tent
Page 638 and 639: Waterford eastern half of the earli
Page 640 and 641: Waterford Though the archaeological
Page 642 and 643: Waterford Wren 1993 & 1998), the va
Page 644 and 645: Waterford By the early thirteenth c
Page 646 and 647: Waterford Fig. 291: Excavated build
Page 648 and 649: Waterford Fragmentary structural re
Page 650 and 651: Waterford Large amounts of antler a
Page 652 and 653: Waterford Hurley, M.F. 1990:108. Ar
Page 654 and 655: Waterford McCutcheon, S. W. J. & Hu
Page 656 and 657: Waterford Wallace, P. F. 2005. The
Page 658 and 659: Waterford A stone metalled entrance
Page 660 and 661: Waterford It has been suggested tha
Page 662 and 663: Waterford References: Eogan, J. 200
Page 664 and 665: Westmeath Ballinderry I, Co. Westme
Page 668 and 669: Westmeath Clonfad, Co. Westmeath Ea
Page 670 and 671: Westmeath Kilpatrick, Killucan, (Co
Page 672 and 673: Westmeath Newtownlow, Co. Westmeath
Page 674 and 675: Westmeath Rochfort Demesne, Co. Wes
Page 676 and 677: Westmeath Togherstown, Co. Westmeat
Page 678 and 679: Westmeath Fig. 300: Plan of enclosu
Page 680 and 681: Wexford Bride Street, Wexford, Co.
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EMAP_Progress_Reports_2009_2.pdf - The Heritage Council

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