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Tyrone Fig. 272: Early medieval Phase 2 occupation at Altanagh, Co. Tyrone (after Williams 1986, facing 58). Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer, MGL Baillie, E Bard, A Bayliss, JW Beck, C Bertrand, PG Blackwell, CE Buck, G Burr, KB Cutler, PE Damon, RL Edwards, RG Fairbanks, M Friedrich, TP Guilderson, KA Hughen, B Kromer, FG McCormac, S Manning, C Bronk Ramsey, RW Reimer, S Remmele, JR Southon, M Stuiver, S Talamo, FW Taylor, J van der Plicht, and CE Weyhenmeyer (2004), Radiocarbon 46:1029-1058). Sample No. UB-2564 UB-2565 Reference: Context Charcoal in vicinity of bowl furnaces in later phase Charcoal in bowl furnace from early phase 14 C Date Cal. 2 Σ 1475±60 BP A.D. 433-495; A.D. 504-658. 1585±70 BP A.D. 262-278; A.D. 328-618. Williams, B. B. 1986. Excavations at Altanagh, County Tyrone. Ulster Journal of Archaeology (Third Series), 49, 33–88. 582
Tyrone Clogher (Clogher Demesne td.), Co. Tyrone Early Medieval Settlement Enclosure. Grid Ref: H53875133 (25387/35133) SMR No: TYR 058:033 Excavation Licence: N/A Excavation Duration/Year: 1969; 1971; 1972; 1973; 1974; 1975. Site Directors: R.B. Warner (Ulster Museum). Research excavations were undertaken over a number of seasons on the hilltop fort at Clogher, Co. Tyrone. The site is located to the rear of the modern cathedral, and had long been assumed to be the royal site of the Airghialla tribes of mid-Ulster. An early medieval enclosure had been set within the banks of the earlier hillfort which showed evidence for an Iron Age construction/occupation (Fig. 273). Excavations through the bank, and interior, of the internal enclosure revealed a multiplicity of phases and features. The earliest internal enclosure would appear to have been delimited by a palisade trench, 30m in diameter, with an associated wide external ditch. A low external bank beyond the ditch may have been timber-framed and also may show evidence for another external palisade. A rim sherd of a small amphora found from this phase of occupation suggests that the site had prestigious, international contacts. The artefactual remains suggest that this enclosure was still in use by the mid-sixth century – a sherd of Late Roman Amphora (B ware), and a D type penannular brooch (after Kilbride-Jones), was found in the upper fill of the ditch. Large quantities of fragments of penannular brooches, and a late-Roman bronze bracelet, have been interpreted as evidence for a brooch factory. Part of the hilltop fort ditch appears to have been re-used during this phase as an area for iron smelting, and at least two furnaces were found from this period, and others were implied from the excavation. A large dump bank was then created outside the ambit of the earlier ditch which was in-filled with yellow clay (the ‘Clogher Yellow Layer’). The material for this appears to have been obtained from a deep outer ditch which now defined an enclosure with an internal diameter of approximately 50m. Sherds of E ware sealed by this bank suggest a sixth/mid-seventhcentury construction date. Connections with contemporary continental Europe may also be indicated by the discovery of two iron bull-head mounts (originally believed to be from a Belgic ‘fire-dog’ of earlier date, but now interpreted as belonging to a standard), as well as an iron spearhead of Gaulish form. A possible rectangular building of post-and-slot construction was found within the interior of this enclosure; and a huge circular building (40m across) has been interpreted as the rígtech, or royal house. There was evidence for bronze-working within the enclosure, and iron- and glass-working were conducted inside the hilltop fort, but outside the enclosure. The construction of the ‘inauguration mound’ would appear to date to this phase of occupation, and excavations on it discovered the presence of a small circular wooden ‘hut’ on its summit. Several phases of roads were uncovered during the excavations – a bronze ‘button’ in the shape of a beetle was found in the earliest one - including a cobbled entranceway. The gateway into the enclosure would originally appear to have been set into a six-post wooden tower. This would appear to be an original feature since the earliest of the wooden gateposts were recovered from the entrance were associated with sherds of E ware. 583
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E ARLY M EDIEVAL A RCHAEOLOGY P ROJ
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Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS
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Table of Contents St Michael le Pol
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Table of Contents Knowth Site M, Co
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List of Figures LIST OF FIGURES Fig
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List of Figures Fig. 92: Excavated
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List of Figures Fig. 183: Plan of h
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List of Figures Fig. 270: Significa
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Introduction 1.1 Description of thi
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Introduction Fig. 1: Key to symbols
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Introduction (commonly referred to
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Introduction References: Campbell,
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County Antrim Fig. 2: Significant e
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Antrim Fig. 4: Plan of Antiville, C
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Antrim Ballyaghagan, Co. Antrim Ear
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Antrim Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reime
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Antrim Fig. 8: Plan of Phase 2 hous
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Antrim Fig. 9: Plan of Ballymacash,
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Antrim Fig. 12: Plan of interior of
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Antrim Fig. 13: Plan of enclosures
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Antrim Radiocarbon Dates (PJ Reimer
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Antrim Fig. 15: Plan of Ballyvollen
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Antrim Ballywee, Co. Antrim Early M
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Antrim Fig. 17: Site plan of excava
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Antrim ‘Craig Hill’ (Craig td.)
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Antrim Fig. 20: Plan of Craigywarre
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Antrim The mound was subsequently r
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Antrim ‘Doonmore’ (Cross td.),
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Antrim Fig. 24: Plan of House III a
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Antrim Fig. 25: Phase I occupation
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Antrim Dunsilly, Co. Antrim Early M
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Antrim Killealy, Co. Antrim Early M
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Antrim ‘Langford Lodge’ (Gartre
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Antrim Lissue, Co. Antrim Early Med
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Antrim ‘Meadowbank’ (Jordanstow
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Antrim Rathbeg, Co. Antrim Early Me
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Antrim Seacash, Co. Antrim Early Me
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Antrim Fig. 37: Plan of interior of
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Armagh Armagh (Armagh City td.), Co
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Armagh Fig. 40: Excavations at Cast
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Armagh Radiocarbon Dates: Abbey Str
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Armagh Dressogagh, Co. Armagh Early
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Armagh Terryhoogan, Co. Armagh Earl
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Clare ‘Beal Boru’ (Ballyvally t
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Clare Fig. 47: Plan of excavated ar
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Clare The Harvard excavators identi
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Clare Cahircalla More, Co. Clare Ea
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Clare Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer
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Clare Clonmoney West, Co. Clare Ear
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Clare were associated with glass fr
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Clare wooden bucket, as well as Bro
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Clare Gragan West, Co. Clare Early
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Clare Inishcealtra, Co. Clare Eccle
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Clare Medieval Activity Significant
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Clare Fig. 53: Excavated areas of I
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Clare Fig. 54: Plan showing enclosu
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Clare Fig. 55: Plan of Thady’s Fo
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Cork Ballyarra, Co. Cork Unenclosed
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Cork shape was not able to be infer
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Cork ‘St. Gobnet’s House’ (Gl
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Cork Banduff, Co. Cork Early Mediev
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Cork Barrees Valley, Co. Cork Early
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Cork Brigown, Co. Cork Early Mediev
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Cork Carrigaline Middle, Co. Cork E
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Cork Fig. 62: Plan of primary phase
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Cork Fig. 63: Plan of excavations a
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Cork The following is based on gene
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Cork Fig. 66: Excavated areas on th
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Cork apart at one of the lowest lev
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Cork The Scandinavian main street o
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Cork Fig. 68: 11-13 Washington Stre
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Cork Fig. 69: Hanover Street/South
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Cork Twelfth century bone-working i
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Cork Hurley, M. F. 1995. Excavation
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Cork Curraheen, Co. Cork Early Medi
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Cork Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer,
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Cork barrel-padlock and an anvil; a
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Cork Killanully, Co. Cork Early Med
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Cork Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer,
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Cork flint objects, a rotary quern
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Cork number of post pits and stakeh
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Cork bronze button, bronze brooch,
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Cork ‘Lisnagun’ (Darrary td.),
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Cork Fig. 76: Plan of interior of L
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Cork bracelet, a segmented bead of
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Cork Fig. 78: Excavated areas in Mi
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Cork A total of thirteen struck fli
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Cork A small number of un-stratifie
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Cork sequence of fire debris. The p
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Donegal Dooey, Co. Donegal Early Me
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Donegal Fig. 82: Plan of Rinnaraw C
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Donegal Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reim
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Down Ballyfounder, Co. Down Early M
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Down Ballywillwill, Co. Down Early
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Down ‘Clea Lakes’ (Tullyveery t
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Down Crossnacreevy, Co. Down Early
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Down Drumadonnell, Co. Down Early M
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Down Duneight, Co. Down Early Medie
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Down ‘Dunnyneil Island’ (Dunnyn
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Down Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer,
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Down Fig. 98: Section of Gransha sh
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Down spreads of gravel and some fir
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Down Fig. 100: Section of Rathmulla
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Down Fig. 103: Excavation at White
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Dublin County Dublin Fig. 105: Sign
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Dublin Ballyman, Co. Dublin Early M
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Dublin Cherrywood (Site 18), Co. Du
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Dublin Fig. 107: Plan of Scandinavi
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Dublin interface of this layer and
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Dublin Scandinavian/Hiberno-Scandin
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Dublin The following is based on ge
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Dublin 1999, 27). Similarly dated s
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Dublin Eleventh Century (Fig. 113)
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Dublin Evidence for two stone walls
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Dublin Fig. 116. Reconstruction of
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Dublin Fig. 118: Plan of Type-2 Hou
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Dublin Excavations occurred directl
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Dublin An amber and jet workshop wa
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Dublin Glebe (Site 43), Co. Dublin
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Dublin ‘Mount Offaly’, Cabintee
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Dublin Fig. 122: Phases at Mount Of
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Dublin a continuation of Ditch C an
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Dublin Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reime
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Dublin were suggestive of a number
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Dublin Dubhlinn - a large natural p
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Dublin Scandinavian warrior burial
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Dublin Fig. 128: Plan of excavation
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Dublin Gowen, M. 2001. Excavations
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Fermanagh ‘Boho’ (Carn td.), Co
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Fermanagh Coolcran, Co. Fermanagh E
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Fermanagh ‘Lisdoo’ (Castle Balf
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Fermanagh Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Re
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Galway Ballybrit, Co. Galway Early
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Galway Carrowkeel, Co. Galway Early
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Galway Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reime
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Galway Doonloughan, Co. Galway Earl
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Galway ‘Feerwore Rath’ (Turoe t
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Galway High Island, Co. Galway Earl
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Galway Loughbown (1), Co. Galway Ea
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Galway Loughbown (2), Co. Galway Ea
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Galway Mackney, Co. Galway Early Me
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Galway Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reime
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Galway Fig. 146: Excavated area at
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Kerry County Kerry Fig. 147: Signif
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Kerry Fig. 148: Plan of site showin
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Kerry unique mix of architectural c
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Kerry Bray Head, Valentia Island Ea
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Kerry House 9 was located at the so
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Kerry Fig. 151: Plan of early medie
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Kerry to retain insulating sod for
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Kerry Fig. 152: Plan of Church Isla
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Kerry Clogher, Lixnaw, Co. Kerry Ea
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Kerry Cloghermore, Co. Kerry Cave G
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Kerry Many of the latest burials fr
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Kerry A.D. 912-970 Beta-137046 Huma
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Kerry Fig. 158: Plan of Coarhabeg c
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Kerry Fig. 159: Plan of Phase 1 hou
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Kerry ‘Dunbeg Fort’ (Fahan td.)
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Kerry A stone flagged path linked t
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Kerry Radiocarbon Dates: Sample No.
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Kerry inside and on top of the cist
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Kerry Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer
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Kerry House C was a rectangular bui
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Kerry Loher, Co. Kerry Early Mediev
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Kerry Reask, Co. Kerry Early Mediev
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Kerry was excavated within the inte
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Kerry Fig. 168: Plan of Reask, Co.
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Kerry References: Fanning, T. 1973.
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Kildare Killickaweeny, Co. Kildare
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Kildare Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reim
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Kildare Fig. 173: Prehistoric and e
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Kildare Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reim
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Kilkenny County Kilkenny Fig. 176:
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Kilkenny Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Rei
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Kilkenny ‘Kilkenny Castle’ (Duk
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Kilkenny ‘Leggetsrath’ (Blanchf
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Kilkenny Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Rei
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Kilkenny Radiocarbon Dates (PJ Reim
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Laois Parknahown, Co. Laois Early M
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Laois Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer
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Limerick Ballyduff, Co. Limerick Ea
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Limerick Ballynagallagh, Co. Limeri
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Limerick Fig. 185: Ditch and palisa
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Limerick Fig. 186: Plan of Carraig
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Limerick shade from light to dark-b
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Limerick The ‘Spectacles’ (Loug
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Limerick Coonagh West, Co. Limerick
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Limerick Croom East, Co. Limerick E
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Limerick Cush, Co. Limerick Early M
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Limerick house which utilized the t
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Limerick 4, Cush 6 and Cush 7 with
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Limerick The sites at Ballingoola (
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Limerick Knockea, Co. Limerick Earl
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Limerick Fig. 193: Plan of Phase 1
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Limerick about thirty). The last th
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Limerick Raheennamadra, Co. Limeric
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Limerick Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Rei
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Limerick Fig. 196: Plan of Sluggary
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Londonderry Big Glebe, Co. Londonde
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Londonderry Corrstown, Co. Londonde
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Londonderry Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ
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Londonderry Oughtymore, Co. Londond
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Longford County Longford Fig. 202:
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Longford Fig. 203: Excavated areas
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Louth County Louth Fig. 204: Signif
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Louth A stone-lined oval kiln, with
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Louth The north-eastern area within
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Louth O’Hara, R. 2009. Early medi
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Louth Delaney, S. 2010. An early me
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Louth made from bronze, iron and bo
Page 436 and 437:
Louth Archaeological monitoring of
Page 438 and 439:
Louth ‘Lissachiggel’, Doolargy,
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Louth Fig. 209: Detailed plan of ho
Page 442 and 443:
Louth Archaeological investigations
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Louth central, L-shaped island of n
Page 446 and 447:
Louth Fig. 212: Plan of Marshes Upp
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Louth Millockstown, Co. Louth Early
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Louth Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer
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Louth Fig. 214: Photograph of soute
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Mayo County Mayo Fig. 215: Signific
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Mayo Bofeenaun, Co. Mayo Early Medi
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Mayo Carrowkeel, Co. Mayo Early Med
Page 460 and 461:
Mayo Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer,
Page 462 and 463:
Mayo Fig. 219: Plan of ecclesiastic
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Mayo Letterkeen, Co. Mayo Early Med
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Mayo Fig. 222: Features near entran
Page 468 and 469:
Mayo Fig. 223: Plan of excavated ar
Page 470 and 471:
Mayo Moyne, Co. Mayo Early Medieval
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Meath County Meath Fig. 226: Signif
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Meath Fig. 227: Plan of excavations
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Meath Fig. 228: Plan of Augherskea,
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Meath possibly a foundation deposit
Page 480 and 481:
Meath Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer
Page 482 and 483:
Meath Betaghstown (Bettystown), Co.
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Meath Boolies Little, Co. Meath Ear
Page 486 and 487:
Meath Castlefarm, Co. Meath Early M
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Meath Fig. 231: Enclosures at Castl
Page 490 and 491:
Meath Cloncowan, Co. Meath Early Me
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Meath Collierstown 1, Co. Meath Ear
Page 494 and 495:
Meath enclosure. This ditch contain
Page 496 and 497:
Page 498 and 499:
Meath Fig. 234: Excavations at Colp
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Meath Fig. 235: Enclosures at Colp
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Meath Cormeen, Co. Meath Early Medi
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Meath bone and finds were few. The
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Meath Fig. 237: Phases of enclosure
Page 508 and 509:
Page 510 and 511:
Meath Johnstown 1, Co. Meath Early
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Page 514 and 515:
Meath Knowth Site M, Co. Meath Earl
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Page 518 and 519:
Meath belt buckles, bone combs and
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Meath Lagore (Lagore Big td.), Co.
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Meath similar huge amounts being re
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Meath ‘Madden’s Hill’, Kiltal
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Meath Moynagh Lough, Co. Meath Earl
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Meath spreads of animal bone were u
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Meath Nevinstown, Co. Meath Early M
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Meath disturbed burial appeared to
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Meath layer of fire-reddened or bur
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Meath Kelly, E. P. 1981. A short st
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Meath suggests a network of trade a
Page 540 and 541:
Meath Beta-196366 Bone from linear
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Meath Raystown, Co. Meath Early Med
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Meath former cereal-drying kiln. Th
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Page 548 and 549:
Meath Roestown 2, Co. Meath Early M
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Meath Fig. 248: Phases from Roestow
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Meath St. Anne’s Chapel (Randalst
Page 554 and 555:
Meath Simonstown, Co. Meath Early M
Page 556 and 557:
Monaghan County Monaghan Fig. 249:
Page 558 and 559: Monaghan have been used for storage
Page 560 and 561: Offaly ‘Ballinderry II’ (Ballyn
Page 562 and 563: Offaly pins (ninth/tenth century da
Page 564 and 565: Offaly Ballintemple, Co. Offaly Ear
Page 566 and 567: Offaly Clonmacnoise, Co. Offaly Ear
Page 568 and 569: Offaly References: Boland, D. & O'S
Page 570 and 571: Roscommon Cloongownagh, Co. Roscomm
Page 572 and 573: Roscommon ‘Rathcroghan’, Co. Ro
Page 574 and 575: Roscommon Tulsk, Co. Roscommon Earl
Page 576 and 577: Sligo County Sligo Fig. 258: Signif
Page 578 and 579: Sligo Fig. 259: Post-built structur
Page 580 and 581: Sligo Inishmurray, Co. Sligo Early
Page 582 and 583: Sligo Knoxspark, Co. Sligo Early Me
Page 584 and 585: Sligo References: Mount, C. 1994:20
Page 586 and 587: Sligo Fig. 262: Outline plan of Mag
Page 588 and 589: Sligo ‘Rathtinaun’ (Lough Gara
Page 590 and 591: Sligo discs and 1 rotary quern. The
Page 592 and 593: Sligo Sroove (Lough Gara td.), Co.
Page 594 and 595: Tipperary County Tipperary Fig. 264
Page 596 and 597: Tipperary Fig. 265: Plan of Bowling
Page 598 and 599: Tipperary saw the building of the p
Page 600 and 601: Tipperary stones, apparently the bo
Page 602 and 603: Tipperary Killoran (31), Co. Limeri
Page 604 and 605: Tipperary Killoran 66, Co. Tipperar
Page 606 and 607: Tyrone County Tyrone Fig. 270: Sign
Page 610 and 611: Tyrone Fig. 273: Excavation plan of
Page 612 and 613: Tyrone Dunmisk, Co. Tyrone Early Me
Page 614 and 615: Tyrone Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reime
Page 616 and 617: Tyrone Fig. 276: Excavated area at
Page 618 and 619: Tyrone Mullaghbane, Co. Tyrone Earl
Page 620 and 621: Waterford County Waterford Fig. 280
Page 622 and 623: Waterford Kilgreany, Co. Waterford
Page 624 and 625: Waterford Fig. 282: Plan of Kilgrea
Page 626 and 627: Waterford Kill St. Lawrence, Co. Wa
Page 628 and 629: Waterford ‘Kiltera’ (Dromore td
Page 630 and 631: Waterford Fig. 283: Plan of Kiltera
Page 632 and 633: Waterford Little Patrick Street/Bar
Page 634 and 635: Waterford Ireland and took up at Po
Page 636 and 637: Waterford There is very little tent
Page 638 and 639: Waterford eastern half of the earli
Page 640 and 641: Waterford Though the archaeological
Page 642 and 643: Waterford Wren 1993 & 1998), the va
Page 644 and 645: Waterford By the early thirteenth c
Page 646 and 647: Waterford Fig. 291: Excavated build
Page 648 and 649: Waterford Fragmentary structural re
Page 650 and 651: Waterford Large amounts of antler a
Page 652 and 653: Waterford Hurley, M.F. 1990:108. Ar
Page 654 and 655: Waterford McCutcheon, S. W. J. & Hu
Page 656 and 657: Waterford Wallace, P. F. 2005. The
Page 658 and 659:
Waterford A stone metalled entrance
Page 660 and 661:
Waterford It has been suggested tha
Page 662 and 663:
Waterford References: Eogan, J. 200
Page 664 and 665:
Westmeath Ballinderry I, Co. Westme
Page 666 and 667:
Westmeath rectangular house, as the
Page 668 and 669:
Westmeath Clonfad, Co. Westmeath Ea
Page 670 and 671:
Westmeath Kilpatrick, Killucan, (Co
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Westmeath Newtownlow, Co. Westmeath
Page 674 and 675:
Westmeath Rochfort Demesne, Co. Wes
Page 676 and 677:
Westmeath Togherstown, Co. Westmeat
Page 678 and 679:
Westmeath Fig. 300: Plan of enclosu
Page 680 and 681:
Wexford Bride Street, Wexford, Co.
Page 682 and 683:
Wicklow Giltspur, Co. Wicklow Early
Page 685:
UCD School of Archaeology
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