EMAP_Progress_Reports_2009_2.pdf - The Heritage Council

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Kerry Loher, Co. Kerry Early Medieval Settlement Enclosure Grid Ref: V51526193 (051529/061931) SMR No: KE106-003001 Excavation Licence: E000840 Excavation Duration/year: Early 1980s Site Director: B. O’Flaherty (University College Cork) A stone fort at Loher, situated on the lower western slopes of Farraniaragh Mountain, was excavated in the early 1980s. A network of old field walls, some of which are curvilinear, occurs in the vicinity of the site and are overlain by a modern field pattern (Fig. 167). Excavation revealed a sequence of wooden and stone-built circular and rectangular structures within the interior. The stone fort measured 18.4m by 19.8m internally. The enclosing walls (4m thick and up to 3.3m high) contained a rubble core faced internally and externally with random courses of well-built dry-stone masonry. Traces of two terraces furnished with steps were uncovered along the internal face of the wall, and a lintel-covered paved entrance passage (4m by 1.35m, and 1.7m high) led into the interior from the south-south-east. The interior was covered with stone-fill to a depth of 2.0m prior to excavation. Two dry-stone built structures (one circular (I) and one rectangular (II)) were exposed within the stone-fill and their interiors excavated. Though no great depth of occupation deposit was uncovered within the buildings, the excavation did reveal a good stratigraphic sequence of houses. House I (6.6m internal diameter) was uncovered in the north-eastern quadrant of the enclosure abutting the enclosing wall. Its walls survived to an average height of 1.3m and an entrance 0.8m wide was located at the south. Excavation revealed an earlier stone-built circular structure in the area of House I, which was in turn pre-dated by a wooden structure constructed of driven-stakes. The entrance of a souterrain was located in the western half of the interior of House I, which gave access to a dry-stone-built lintelled passage, 1m high which runs east-west for 3m. Excavations established that the construction of the souterrain post-dated House I. House II (7.75m by 6.3m internally) occupied much of the western half of the interior of the enclosure. The walls of the building survived to an average height of 1.2m and consisted of a rubble core faced internally and externally with coursed dry-stone masonry, and a 1m wide entrance was located on the south wall and contained a paved pathway which leads towards the caher entrance. The northeast angle of the building abutted the external face of the circular dry-stone house, thus post-dating House I, but House II was also preceded by a circular wooden structure constructed of driven stakes. Another possible post-built structure was also identified in this area. Finds from the site included glass beads and a tanged knife. Organic material included shell, carbonised seed remains, fish scales and fish bones. 316
Kerry Fig. 167: Aerial photograph of Loher, Co. Kerry (after O'Sullivan & Sheehan 1996). References: O’Flaherty, B. 1985:34 Loher, www.excavations.ie O'Sullivan, A. & Sheehan, J. 1996. The Iveragh Peninsula: an archaeological survey of sout , Cork: Cork University Press. 317
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E ARLY M EDIEVAL A RCHAEOLOGY P ROJ
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Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS
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Table of Contents St Michael le Pol
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Table of Contents Knowth Site M, Co
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List of Figures LIST OF FIGURES Fig
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List of Figures Fig. 92: Excavated
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List of Figures Fig. 183: Plan of h
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List of Figures Fig. 270: Significa
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Introduction 1.1 Description of thi
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Introduction Fig. 1: Key to symbols
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Introduction (commonly referred to
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Introduction References: Campbell,
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County Antrim Fig. 2: Significant e
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Antrim Fig. 4: Plan of Antiville, C
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Antrim Ballyaghagan, Co. Antrim Ear
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Antrim Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reime
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Antrim Fig. 8: Plan of Phase 2 hous
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Antrim Fig. 9: Plan of Ballymacash,
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Antrim Fig. 12: Plan of interior of
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Antrim Fig. 13: Plan of enclosures
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Antrim Radiocarbon Dates (PJ Reimer
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Antrim Fig. 15: Plan of Ballyvollen
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Antrim Ballywee, Co. Antrim Early M
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Antrim Fig. 17: Site plan of excava
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Antrim ‘Craig Hill’ (Craig td.)
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Antrim Fig. 20: Plan of Craigywarre
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Antrim The mound was subsequently r
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Antrim ‘Doonmore’ (Cross td.),
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Antrim Fig. 24: Plan of House III a
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Antrim Fig. 25: Phase I occupation
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Antrim Dunsilly, Co. Antrim Early M
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Antrim Killealy, Co. Antrim Early M
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Antrim ‘Langford Lodge’ (Gartre
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Antrim Lissue, Co. Antrim Early Med
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Antrim ‘Meadowbank’ (Jordanstow
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Antrim Rathbeg, Co. Antrim Early Me
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Antrim Seacash, Co. Antrim Early Me
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Antrim Fig. 37: Plan of interior of
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Armagh Armagh (Armagh City td.), Co
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Armagh Fig. 40: Excavations at Cast
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Armagh Radiocarbon Dates: Abbey Str
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Armagh Dressogagh, Co. Armagh Early
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Armagh Terryhoogan, Co. Armagh Earl
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Clare ‘Beal Boru’ (Ballyvally t
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Clare Fig. 47: Plan of excavated ar
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Clare The Harvard excavators identi
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Clare Cahircalla More, Co. Clare Ea
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Clare Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer
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Clare Clonmoney West, Co. Clare Ear
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Clare were associated with glass fr
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Clare wooden bucket, as well as Bro
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Clare Gragan West, Co. Clare Early
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Clare Inishcealtra, Co. Clare Eccle
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Clare Medieval Activity Significant
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Clare Fig. 53: Excavated areas of I
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Clare Fig. 54: Plan showing enclosu
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Clare Fig. 55: Plan of Thady’s Fo
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Cork Ballyarra, Co. Cork Unenclosed
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Cork shape was not able to be infer
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Cork ‘St. Gobnet’s House’ (Gl
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Cork Banduff, Co. Cork Early Mediev
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Cork Barrees Valley, Co. Cork Early
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Cork Brigown, Co. Cork Early Mediev
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Cork Carrigaline Middle, Co. Cork E
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Cork Fig. 62: Plan of primary phase
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Cork Fig. 63: Plan of excavations a
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Cork The following is based on gene
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Cork Fig. 66: Excavated areas on th
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Cork apart at one of the lowest lev
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Cork The Scandinavian main street o
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Cork Fig. 68: 11-13 Washington Stre
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Cork Fig. 69: Hanover Street/South
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Cork Twelfth century bone-working i
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Cork Hurley, M. F. 1995. Excavation
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Cork Curraheen, Co. Cork Early Medi
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Cork Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer,
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Cork barrel-padlock and an anvil; a
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Cork Killanully, Co. Cork Early Med
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Cork Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer,
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Cork flint objects, a rotary quern
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Cork number of post pits and stakeh
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Cork bronze button, bronze brooch,
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Cork ‘Lisnagun’ (Darrary td.),
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Cork Fig. 76: Plan of interior of L
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Cork bracelet, a segmented bead of
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Cork Fig. 78: Excavated areas in Mi
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Cork A total of thirteen struck fli
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Cork A small number of un-stratifie
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Cork sequence of fire debris. The p
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Donegal Dooey, Co. Donegal Early Me
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Donegal Fig. 82: Plan of Rinnaraw C
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Donegal Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reim
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Down Ballyfounder, Co. Down Early M
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Down Ballywillwill, Co. Down Early
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Down ‘Clea Lakes’ (Tullyveery t
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Down Crossnacreevy, Co. Down Early
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Down Drumadonnell, Co. Down Early M
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Down Duneight, Co. Down Early Medie
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Down ‘Dunnyneil Island’ (Dunnyn
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Down Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer,
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Down Fig. 98: Section of Gransha sh
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Down spreads of gravel and some fir
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Down Fig. 100: Section of Rathmulla
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Down Fig. 103: Excavation at White
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Dublin County Dublin Fig. 105: Sign
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Dublin Ballyman, Co. Dublin Early M
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Dublin Cherrywood (Site 18), Co. Du
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Dublin Fig. 107: Plan of Scandinavi
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Dublin interface of this layer and
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Dublin Scandinavian/Hiberno-Scandin
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Dublin The following is based on ge
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Dublin 1999, 27). Similarly dated s
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Dublin Eleventh Century (Fig. 113)
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Dublin Evidence for two stone walls
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Dublin Fig. 116. Reconstruction of
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Dublin Fig. 118: Plan of Type-2 Hou
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Dublin Excavations occurred directl
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Dublin An amber and jet workshop wa
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Dublin Glebe (Site 43), Co. Dublin
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Dublin ‘Mount Offaly’, Cabintee
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Dublin Fig. 122: Phases at Mount Of
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Dublin a continuation of Ditch C an
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Dublin Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reime
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Dublin were suggestive of a number
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Dublin Dubhlinn - a large natural p
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Dublin Scandinavian warrior burial
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Dublin Fig. 128: Plan of excavation
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Dublin Gowen, M. 2001. Excavations
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Fermanagh ‘Boho’ (Carn td.), Co
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Fermanagh Coolcran, Co. Fermanagh E
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Fermanagh ‘Lisdoo’ (Castle Balf
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Fermanagh Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Re
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Galway Ballybrit, Co. Galway Early
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Galway Carrowkeel, Co. Galway Early
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Galway Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reime
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Galway Doonloughan, Co. Galway Earl
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Galway ‘Feerwore Rath’ (Turoe t
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Galway High Island, Co. Galway Earl
Page 292 and 293: Galway Loughbown (1), Co. Galway Ea
Page 294 and 295: Galway Loughbown (2), Co. Galway Ea
Page 296 and 297: Galway Mackney, Co. Galway Early Me
Page 298 and 299: Galway Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reime
Page 300 and 301: Galway Fig. 146: Excavated area at
Page 302 and 303: Kerry County Kerry Fig. 147: Signif
Page 304 and 305: Kerry Fig. 148: Plan of site showin
Page 306 and 307: Kerry unique mix of architectural c
Page 308 and 309: Kerry Bray Head, Valentia Island Ea
Page 310 and 311: Kerry House 9 was located at the so
Page 312 and 313: Kerry Fig. 151: Plan of early medie
Page 314 and 315: Kerry to retain insulating sod for
Page 316 and 317: Kerry Fig. 152: Plan of Church Isla
Page 318 and 319: Kerry Clogher, Lixnaw, Co. Kerry Ea
Page 320 and 321: Kerry Cloghermore, Co. Kerry Cave G
Page 322 and 323: Kerry Many of the latest burials fr
Page 324 and 325: Kerry A.D. 912-970 Beta-137046 Huma
Page 326 and 327: Kerry Fig. 158: Plan of Coarhabeg c
Page 328 and 329: Kerry Fig. 159: Plan of Phase 1 hou
Page 330 and 331: Kerry ‘Dunbeg Fort’ (Fahan td.)
Page 332 and 333: Kerry A stone flagged path linked t
Page 334 and 335: Kerry Radiocarbon Dates: Sample No.
Page 336 and 337: Kerry inside and on top of the cist
Page 338 and 339: Kerry Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer
Page 340 and 341: Kerry House C was a rectangular bui
Page 344 and 345: Kerry Reask, Co. Kerry Early Mediev
Page 346 and 347: Kerry was excavated within the inte
Page 348 and 349: Kerry Fig. 168: Plan of Reask, Co.
Page 350 and 351: Kerry References: Fanning, T. 1973.
Page 352 and 353: Kildare Killickaweeny, Co. Kildare
Page 354 and 355: Kildare Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reim
Page 356 and 357: Kildare Fig. 173: Prehistoric and e
Page 358 and 359: Kildare Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reim
Page 360 and 361: Kilkenny County Kilkenny Fig. 176:
Page 362 and 363: Kilkenny Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Rei
Page 364 and 365: Kilkenny ‘Kilkenny Castle’ (Duk
Page 366 and 367: Kilkenny ‘Leggetsrath’ (Blanchf
Page 368 and 369: Kilkenny Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Rei
Page 370 and 371: Kilkenny Radiocarbon Dates (PJ Reim
Page 372 and 373: Laois Parknahown, Co. Laois Early M
Page 374 and 375: Laois Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer
Page 376 and 377: Limerick Ballyduff, Co. Limerick Ea
Page 378 and 379: Limerick Ballynagallagh, Co. Limeri
Page 380 and 381: Limerick Fig. 185: Ditch and palisa
Page 382 and 383: Limerick Fig. 186: Plan of Carraig
Page 384 and 385: Limerick shade from light to dark-b
Page 386 and 387: Limerick The ‘Spectacles’ (Loug
Page 388 and 389: Limerick Coonagh West, Co. Limerick
Page 390 and 391: Limerick Croom East, Co. Limerick E
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Limerick Cush, Co. Limerick Early M
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Limerick house which utilized the t
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Limerick 4, Cush 6 and Cush 7 with
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Limerick The sites at Ballingoola (
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Limerick Knockea, Co. Limerick Earl
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Limerick Fig. 193: Plan of Phase 1
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Limerick about thirty). The last th
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Limerick Raheennamadra, Co. Limeric
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Limerick Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Rei
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Limerick Fig. 196: Plan of Sluggary
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Londonderry Big Glebe, Co. Londonde
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Londonderry Corrstown, Co. Londonde
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Londonderry Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ
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Londonderry Oughtymore, Co. Londond
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Longford County Longford Fig. 202:
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Longford Fig. 203: Excavated areas
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Louth County Louth Fig. 204: Signif
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Louth A stone-lined oval kiln, with
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Louth The north-eastern area within
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Louth O’Hara, R. 2009. Early medi
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Louth Delaney, S. 2010. An early me
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Louth made from bronze, iron and bo
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Louth Archaeological monitoring of
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Louth ‘Lissachiggel’, Doolargy,
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Louth Fig. 209: Detailed plan of ho
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Louth Archaeological investigations
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Louth central, L-shaped island of n
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Louth Fig. 212: Plan of Marshes Upp
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Louth Millockstown, Co. Louth Early
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Louth Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer
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Louth Fig. 214: Photograph of soute
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Mayo County Mayo Fig. 215: Signific
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Mayo Bofeenaun, Co. Mayo Early Medi
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Mayo Carrowkeel, Co. Mayo Early Med
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Mayo Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer,
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Mayo Fig. 219: Plan of ecclesiastic
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Mayo Letterkeen, Co. Mayo Early Med
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Mayo Fig. 222: Features near entran
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Mayo Fig. 223: Plan of excavated ar
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Mayo Moyne, Co. Mayo Early Medieval
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Meath County Meath Fig. 226: Signif
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Meath Fig. 227: Plan of excavations
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Meath Fig. 228: Plan of Augherskea,
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Meath possibly a foundation deposit
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Meath Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer
Page 482 and 483:
Meath Betaghstown (Bettystown), Co.
Page 484 and 485:
Meath Boolies Little, Co. Meath Ear
Page 486 and 487:
Meath Castlefarm, Co. Meath Early M
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Meath Fig. 231: Enclosures at Castl
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Meath Cloncowan, Co. Meath Early Me
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Meath Collierstown 1, Co. Meath Ear
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Meath enclosure. This ditch contain
Page 496 and 497:
Page 498 and 499:
Meath Fig. 234: Excavations at Colp
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Meath Fig. 235: Enclosures at Colp
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Meath Cormeen, Co. Meath Early Medi
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Meath bone and finds were few. The
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Meath Fig. 237: Phases of enclosure
Page 508 and 509:
Page 510 and 511:
Meath Johnstown 1, Co. Meath Early
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Page 514 and 515:
Meath Knowth Site M, Co. Meath Earl
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Page 518 and 519:
Meath belt buckles, bone combs and
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Meath Lagore (Lagore Big td.), Co.
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Meath similar huge amounts being re
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Meath ‘Madden’s Hill’, Kiltal
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Meath Moynagh Lough, Co. Meath Earl
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Meath spreads of animal bone were u
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Meath Nevinstown, Co. Meath Early M
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Meath disturbed burial appeared to
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Meath layer of fire-reddened or bur
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Meath Kelly, E. P. 1981. A short st
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Meath suggests a network of trade a
Page 540 and 541:
Meath Beta-196366 Bone from linear
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Meath Raystown, Co. Meath Early Med
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Meath former cereal-drying kiln. Th
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Meath Roestown 2, Co. Meath Early M
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Meath Fig. 248: Phases from Roestow
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Meath St. Anne’s Chapel (Randalst
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Meath Simonstown, Co. Meath Early M
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Monaghan County Monaghan Fig. 249:
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Monaghan have been used for storage
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Offaly ‘Ballinderry II’ (Ballyn
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Offaly pins (ninth/tenth century da
Page 564 and 565:
Offaly Ballintemple, Co. Offaly Ear
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Offaly Clonmacnoise, Co. Offaly Ear
Page 568 and 569:
Offaly References: Boland, D. & O'S
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Roscommon Cloongownagh, Co. Roscomm
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Roscommon ‘Rathcroghan’, Co. Ro
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Roscommon Tulsk, Co. Roscommon Earl
Page 576 and 577:
Sligo County Sligo Fig. 258: Signif
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Sligo Fig. 259: Post-built structur
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Sligo Inishmurray, Co. Sligo Early
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Sligo Knoxspark, Co. Sligo Early Me
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Sligo References: Mount, C. 1994:20
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Sligo Fig. 262: Outline plan of Mag
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Sligo ‘Rathtinaun’ (Lough Gara
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Sligo discs and 1 rotary quern. The
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Sligo Sroove (Lough Gara td.), Co.
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Tipperary County Tipperary Fig. 264
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Tipperary Fig. 265: Plan of Bowling
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Tipperary saw the building of the p
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Tipperary stones, apparently the bo
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Tipperary Killoran (31), Co. Limeri
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Tipperary Killoran 66, Co. Tipperar
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Tyrone County Tyrone Fig. 270: Sign
Page 608 and 609:
Tyrone Fig. 272: Early medieval Pha
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Tyrone Fig. 273: Excavation plan of
Page 612 and 613:
Tyrone Dunmisk, Co. Tyrone Early Me
Page 614 and 615:
Tyrone Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reime
Page 616 and 617:
Tyrone Fig. 276: Excavated area at
Page 618 and 619:
Tyrone Mullaghbane, Co. Tyrone Earl
Page 620 and 621:
Waterford County Waterford Fig. 280
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Waterford Kilgreany, Co. Waterford
Page 624 and 625:
Waterford Fig. 282: Plan of Kilgrea
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Waterford Kill St. Lawrence, Co. Wa
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Waterford ‘Kiltera’ (Dromore td
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Waterford Fig. 283: Plan of Kiltera
Page 632 and 633:
Waterford Little Patrick Street/Bar
Page 634 and 635:
Waterford Ireland and took up at Po
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Waterford There is very little tent
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Waterford eastern half of the earli
Page 640 and 641:
Waterford Though the archaeological
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Waterford Wren 1993 & 1998), the va
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Waterford By the early thirteenth c
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Waterford Fig. 291: Excavated build
Page 648 and 649:
Waterford Fragmentary structural re
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Waterford Large amounts of antler a
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Waterford Hurley, M.F. 1990:108. Ar
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Waterford McCutcheon, S. W. J. & Hu
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Waterford Wallace, P. F. 2005. The
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Waterford A stone metalled entrance
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Waterford It has been suggested tha
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Waterford References: Eogan, J. 200
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Westmeath Ballinderry I, Co. Westme
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Westmeath rectangular house, as the
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Westmeath Clonfad, Co. Westmeath Ea
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Westmeath Kilpatrick, Killucan, (Co
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Westmeath Newtownlow, Co. Westmeath
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Westmeath Rochfort Demesne, Co. Wes
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Westmeath Togherstown, Co. Westmeat
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Westmeath Fig. 300: Plan of enclosu
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Wexford Bride Street, Wexford, Co.
Page 682 and 683:
Wicklow Giltspur, Co. Wicklow Early
Page 685:
UCD School of Archaeology
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