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Clare ‘Thady’s Fort’ (Ballycally td.), Co. Clare Early Medieval Settlement Enclosure Grid Ref: R36546164 (136546/161642) SMR No: CL061-005 Excavation Licence: N/A Excavation Duration/year: Spring 1959 Site Director: E. Rynne (National Museum of Ireland) Thady’s Fort is a double banked enclosure with evidence for an internal wooden palisade, a rectangular building, areas of paving as well as fire-pits and postholes. The site was situated near the summit of Thady’s Hill, and was excavated by staff from the National Museum over the course of eight days in the spring of 1959 in advance of the construction of a new runway and landing strip at Shannon airport. The site contained two encircling banks with a wide ditch between them and a south facing entrance (Fig. 53). The enclosures were 57m by 61m externally (and approximately 30m internally). The southern entrance was splayed, and measured about 2m on the inside and 3m on the outside. The inner face of the inner bank was strengthened with a stone revetment wall generally two courses high for most of the perimeter. Where this stone revetment was missing along the northern side, a trench (3.7m long, 0.6m wide and 0.3m deep) containing a linear spread of charcoal was uncovered. This was interpreted as a timber revetment or palisade, subsequently destroyed by fire. A shallow fire-pit (0.2m deep) was the only feature of interest in the limited excavations in the site’s eastern half. It abutted the revetment wall along the eastern perimeter of the enclosure. Two further fire-pits and a possible posthole were excavated near the centre of the site. One fire-pit and the possible posthole cut into the ‘old ground level’ though underlay a stony deposit. A rectangular stone-house (13.4m by 6.2m externally) was evident prior to excavation in the south-west quadrant. The walls survived to a height of 0.6m high and were 0.75m thick. They were built of large generally rectangular dressed stones on the outer faces, with an inner core of small irregular stones. A continuous band of mortar was found on the interior walls suggests that it had been plastered. A shallow fire-pit full of burnt material and the remains of a possible chimney were excavated inside the structure. Two possible postholes were excavated inside the house with a further one identified outside; and an area of paving was also discovered outside the entrance. The foundation-walls of the house had much in common with that of medieval houses excavated at Caherguillamore, Co. Limerick. This, along with the recovery of a number of late medieval finds and pottery sherds suggest a late medieval date for the house. This dating is supported by the recovery of a number of stratified clay pipe bowls underneath the paving outside the entrance and among the fallen wall-stones. It cannot be established if this house post-dates, or is contemporary with, the enclosures. The excavator suggested that both the house and enclosure bank may have been contemporary for two reasons; the slip from the inner bank was against the outer face of the south-western wall of the house and not underneath it and because the western corner of the house was built upon the lowest levels of bank and not on top of slip from the wall. A number of finds from the enclosure, however, are associated with the early medieval period, e.g. a piece of sheet-bronze, four quern stone fragments, a whetstone and an iron knife with bone handle. A number of later finds (e.g. seven sherds of medieval pottery), some iron objects (e.g. a jaw’s harp) and three clay pipe-bowls, were also intermixed with these artefacts in contexts associated with the house and enclosure and suggest later disturbance on the site of an early medieval enclosure. 96
Clare Fig. 55: Plan of Thady’s Fort, Co. Clare (after Rynne 1962-4, plate XLV). Reference: Rynne, E. 1962—4. Some destroyed sites at Shannon Airport, County Clare. Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy Section C, 63C, 245–77. 97
Page 1:
E ARLY M EDIEVAL A RCHAEOLOGY P ROJ
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Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS
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Table of Contents St Michael le Pol
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Table of Contents Knowth Site M, Co
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List of Figures LIST OF FIGURES Fig
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List of Figures Fig. 92: Excavated
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List of Figures Fig. 183: Plan of h
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List of Figures Fig. 270: Significa
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Introduction 1.1 Description of thi
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Introduction Fig. 1: Key to symbols
Page 23 and 24:
Introduction (commonly referred to
Page 25 and 26:
Introduction References: Campbell,
Page 27 and 28:
County Antrim Fig. 2: Significant e
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Antrim Fig. 4: Plan of Antiville, C
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Antrim Ballyaghagan, Co. Antrim Ear
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Antrim Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reime
Page 35 and 36:
Antrim Fig. 8: Plan of Phase 2 hous
Page 37 and 38:
Antrim Fig. 9: Plan of Ballymacash,
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Page 41 and 42:
Antrim Fig. 12: Plan of interior of
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Antrim Fig. 13: Plan of enclosures
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Antrim Radiocarbon Dates (PJ Reimer
Page 47 and 48:
Antrim Fig. 15: Plan of Ballyvollen
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Antrim Ballywee, Co. Antrim Early M
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Page 53 and 54:
Antrim Fig. 17: Site plan of excava
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Antrim ‘Craig Hill’ (Craig td.)
Page 57 and 58:
Antrim Fig. 20: Plan of Craigywarre
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Antrim The mound was subsequently r
Page 61 and 62:
Page 63 and 64:
Antrim ‘Doonmore’ (Cross td.),
Page 65 and 66:
Antrim Fig. 24: Plan of House III a
Page 67 and 68:
Antrim Fig. 25: Phase I occupation
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Antrim Dunsilly, Co. Antrim Early M
Page 71 and 72: Antrim Killealy, Co. Antrim Early M
Page 73 and 74: Antrim ‘Langford Lodge’ (Gartre
Page 75 and 76: Antrim Lissue, Co. Antrim Early Med
Page 77 and 78: Antrim ‘Meadowbank’ (Jordanstow
Page 79 and 80: Antrim Rathbeg, Co. Antrim Early Me
Page 81 and 82: Antrim Seacash, Co. Antrim Early Me
Page 83 and 84: Antrim Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reime
Page 85 and 86: Antrim Fig. 37: Plan of interior of
Page 87 and 88: Armagh Armagh (Armagh City td.), Co
Page 89 and 90: Armagh Fig. 40: Excavations at Cast
Page 91 and 92: Armagh Radiocarbon Dates: Abbey Str
Page 93 and 94: Armagh Dressogagh, Co. Armagh Early
Page 95 and 96: Armagh Terryhoogan, Co. Armagh Earl
Page 97 and 98: Clare ‘Beal Boru’ (Ballyvally t
Page 99 and 100: Clare Fig. 47: Plan of excavated ar
Page 101 and 102: Clare The Harvard excavators identi
Page 103 and 104: Clare Cahircalla More, Co. Clare Ea
Page 105 and 106: Clare Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer
Page 107 and 108: Clare Clonmoney West, Co. Clare Ear
Page 109 and 110: Clare were associated with glass fr
Page 111 and 112: Clare wooden bucket, as well as Bro
Page 113 and 114: Clare Gragan West, Co. Clare Early
Page 115 and 116: Clare Inishcealtra, Co. Clare Eccle
Page 117 and 118: Clare Medieval Activity Significant
Page 119 and 120: Clare Fig. 53: Excavated areas of I
Page 121: Clare Fig. 54: Plan showing enclosu
Page 125 and 126: Cork Ballyarra, Co. Cork Unenclosed
Page 127 and 128: Cork shape was not able to be infer
Page 129 and 130: Cork ‘St. Gobnet’s House’ (Gl
Page 131 and 132: Cork Banduff, Co. Cork Early Mediev
Page 133 and 134: Cork Barrees Valley, Co. Cork Early
Page 135 and 136: Cork Brigown, Co. Cork Early Mediev
Page 137 and 138: Cork Carrigaline Middle, Co. Cork E
Page 139 and 140: Cork Fig. 62: Plan of primary phase
Page 141 and 142: Cork Fig. 63: Plan of excavations a
Page 143: Cork The following is based on gene
Page 146 and 147: Cork Fig. 66: Excavated areas on th
Page 148 and 149: Cork apart at one of the lowest lev
Page 150 and 151: Cork The Scandinavian main street o
Page 152 and 153: Cork Fig. 68: 11-13 Washington Stre
Page 154 and 155: Cork Fig. 69: Hanover Street/South
Page 156 and 157: Cork Twelfth century bone-working i
Page 158 and 159: Cork Hurley, M. F. 1995. Excavation
Page 160 and 161: Cork Curraheen, Co. Cork Early Medi
Page 162 and 163: Cork Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer,
Page 164 and 165: Cork barrel-padlock and an anvil; a
Page 166 and 167: Cork Killanully, Co. Cork Early Med
Page 168 and 169: Cork Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer,
Page 170 and 171: Cork flint objects, a rotary quern
Page 172 and 173:
Cork number of post pits and stakeh
Page 174 and 175:
Cork bronze button, bronze brooch,
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Cork ‘Lisnagun’ (Darrary td.),
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Cork Fig. 76: Plan of interior of L
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Cork bracelet, a segmented bead of
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Cork Fig. 78: Excavated areas in Mi
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Cork A total of thirteen struck fli
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Cork A small number of un-stratifie
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Cork sequence of fire debris. The p
Page 190 and 191:
Donegal Dooey, Co. Donegal Early Me
Page 192 and 193:
Donegal Fig. 82: Plan of Rinnaraw C
Page 194 and 195:
Donegal Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reim
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Down Ballyfounder, Co. Down Early M
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Down Ballywillwill, Co. Down Early
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Down ‘Clea Lakes’ (Tullyveery t
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Down Crossnacreevy, Co. Down Early
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Down Drumadonnell, Co. Down Early M
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Down Duneight, Co. Down Early Medie
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Down ‘Dunnyneil Island’ (Dunnyn
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Down Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer,
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Down Fig. 98: Section of Gransha sh
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Down spreads of gravel and some fir
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Down Fig. 100: Section of Rathmulla
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Page 220 and 221:
Page 222 and 223:
Down Fig. 103: Excavation at White
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Dublin County Dublin Fig. 105: Sign
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Dublin Ballyman, Co. Dublin Early M
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Dublin Cherrywood (Site 18), Co. Du
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Dublin Fig. 107: Plan of Scandinavi
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Dublin interface of this layer and
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Dublin Scandinavian/Hiberno-Scandin
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Dublin The following is based on ge
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Dublin 1999, 27). Similarly dated s
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Dublin Eleventh Century (Fig. 113)
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Dublin Evidence for two stone walls
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Dublin Fig. 116. Reconstruction of
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Dublin Fig. 118: Plan of Type-2 Hou
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Dublin Excavations occurred directl
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Dublin An amber and jet workshop wa
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Dublin Glebe (Site 43), Co. Dublin
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Dublin ‘Mount Offaly’, Cabintee
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Dublin Fig. 122: Phases at Mount Of
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Dublin a continuation of Ditch C an
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Dublin Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reime
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Dublin were suggestive of a number
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Dublin Dubhlinn - a large natural p
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Dublin Scandinavian warrior burial
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Dublin Fig. 128: Plan of excavation
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Dublin Gowen, M. 2001. Excavations
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Fermanagh ‘Boho’ (Carn td.), Co
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Fermanagh Coolcran, Co. Fermanagh E
Page 276 and 277:
Fermanagh ‘Lisdoo’ (Castle Balf
Page 278 and 279:
Fermanagh Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Re
Page 280 and 281:
Galway Ballybrit, Co. Galway Early
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Galway Carrowkeel, Co. Galway Early
Page 284 and 285:
Galway Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reime
Page 286 and 287:
Galway Doonloughan, Co. Galway Earl
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Galway ‘Feerwore Rath’ (Turoe t
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Galway High Island, Co. Galway Earl
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Galway Loughbown (1), Co. Galway Ea
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Galway Loughbown (2), Co. Galway Ea
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Galway Mackney, Co. Galway Early Me
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Galway Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reime
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Galway Fig. 146: Excavated area at
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Kerry County Kerry Fig. 147: Signif
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Kerry Fig. 148: Plan of site showin
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Kerry unique mix of architectural c
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Kerry Bray Head, Valentia Island Ea
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Kerry House 9 was located at the so
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Kerry Fig. 151: Plan of early medie
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Kerry to retain insulating sod for
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Kerry Fig. 152: Plan of Church Isla
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Kerry Clogher, Lixnaw, Co. Kerry Ea
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Kerry Cloghermore, Co. Kerry Cave G
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Kerry Many of the latest burials fr
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Kerry A.D. 912-970 Beta-137046 Huma
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Kerry Fig. 158: Plan of Coarhabeg c
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Kerry Fig. 159: Plan of Phase 1 hou
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Kerry ‘Dunbeg Fort’ (Fahan td.)
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Kerry A stone flagged path linked t
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Kerry Radiocarbon Dates: Sample No.
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Kerry inside and on top of the cist
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Kerry Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer
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Kerry House C was a rectangular bui
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Kerry Loher, Co. Kerry Early Mediev
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Kerry Reask, Co. Kerry Early Mediev
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Kerry was excavated within the inte
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Kerry Fig. 168: Plan of Reask, Co.
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Kerry References: Fanning, T. 1973.
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Kildare Killickaweeny, Co. Kildare
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Kildare Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reim
Page 356 and 357:
Kildare Fig. 173: Prehistoric and e
Page 358 and 359:
Kildare Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reim
Page 360 and 361:
Kilkenny County Kilkenny Fig. 176:
Page 362 and 363:
Kilkenny Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Rei
Page 364 and 365:
Kilkenny ‘Kilkenny Castle’ (Duk
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Kilkenny ‘Leggetsrath’ (Blanchf
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Kilkenny Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Rei
Page 370 and 371:
Kilkenny Radiocarbon Dates (PJ Reim
Page 372 and 373:
Laois Parknahown, Co. Laois Early M
Page 374 and 375:
Laois Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer
Page 376 and 377:
Limerick Ballyduff, Co. Limerick Ea
Page 378 and 379:
Limerick Ballynagallagh, Co. Limeri
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Limerick Fig. 185: Ditch and palisa
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Limerick Fig. 186: Plan of Carraig
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Limerick shade from light to dark-b
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Limerick The ‘Spectacles’ (Loug
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Limerick Coonagh West, Co. Limerick
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Limerick Croom East, Co. Limerick E
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Limerick Cush, Co. Limerick Early M
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Limerick house which utilized the t
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Limerick 4, Cush 6 and Cush 7 with
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Limerick The sites at Ballingoola (
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Limerick Knockea, Co. Limerick Earl
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Limerick Fig. 193: Plan of Phase 1
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Limerick about thirty). The last th
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Limerick Raheennamadra, Co. Limeric
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Limerick Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Rei
Page 410 and 411:
Limerick Fig. 196: Plan of Sluggary
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Londonderry Big Glebe, Co. Londonde
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Londonderry Corrstown, Co. Londonde
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Londonderry Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ
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Londonderry Oughtymore, Co. Londond
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Longford County Longford Fig. 202:
Page 422 and 423:
Longford Fig. 203: Excavated areas
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Louth County Louth Fig. 204: Signif
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Louth A stone-lined oval kiln, with
Page 428 and 429:
Louth The north-eastern area within
Page 430 and 431:
Louth O’Hara, R. 2009. Early medi
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Louth Delaney, S. 2010. An early me
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Louth made from bronze, iron and bo
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Louth Archaeological monitoring of
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Louth ‘Lissachiggel’, Doolargy,
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Louth Fig. 209: Detailed plan of ho
Page 442 and 443:
Louth Archaeological investigations
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Louth central, L-shaped island of n
Page 446 and 447:
Louth Fig. 212: Plan of Marshes Upp
Page 448 and 449:
Louth Millockstown, Co. Louth Early
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Louth Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer
Page 452 and 453:
Louth Fig. 214: Photograph of soute
Page 454 and 455:
Mayo County Mayo Fig. 215: Signific
Page 456 and 457:
Mayo Bofeenaun, Co. Mayo Early Medi
Page 458 and 459:
Mayo Carrowkeel, Co. Mayo Early Med
Page 460 and 461:
Mayo Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer,
Page 462 and 463:
Mayo Fig. 219: Plan of ecclesiastic
Page 464 and 465:
Mayo Letterkeen, Co. Mayo Early Med
Page 466 and 467:
Mayo Fig. 222: Features near entran
Page 468 and 469:
Mayo Fig. 223: Plan of excavated ar
Page 470 and 471:
Mayo Moyne, Co. Mayo Early Medieval
Page 472 and 473:
Meath County Meath Fig. 226: Signif
Page 474 and 475:
Meath Fig. 227: Plan of excavations
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Meath Fig. 228: Plan of Augherskea,
Page 478 and 479:
Meath possibly a foundation deposit
Page 480 and 481:
Meath Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reimer
Page 482 and 483:
Meath Betaghstown (Bettystown), Co.
Page 484 and 485:
Meath Boolies Little, Co. Meath Ear
Page 486 and 487:
Meath Castlefarm, Co. Meath Early M
Page 488 and 489:
Meath Fig. 231: Enclosures at Castl
Page 490 and 491:
Meath Cloncowan, Co. Meath Early Me
Page 492 and 493:
Meath Collierstown 1, Co. Meath Ear
Page 494 and 495:
Meath enclosure. This ditch contain
Page 496 and 497:
Page 498 and 499:
Meath Fig. 234: Excavations at Colp
Page 500 and 501:
Meath Fig. 235: Enclosures at Colp
Page 502 and 503:
Meath Cormeen, Co. Meath Early Medi
Page 504 and 505:
Meath bone and finds were few. The
Page 506 and 507:
Meath Fig. 237: Phases of enclosure
Page 508 and 509:
Page 510 and 511:
Meath Johnstown 1, Co. Meath Early
Page 512 and 513:
Page 514 and 515:
Meath Knowth Site M, Co. Meath Earl
Page 516 and 517:
Page 518 and 519:
Meath belt buckles, bone combs and
Page 520 and 521:
Meath Lagore (Lagore Big td.), Co.
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Meath similar huge amounts being re
Page 524 and 525:
Meath ‘Madden’s Hill’, Kiltal
Page 526 and 527:
Meath Moynagh Lough, Co. Meath Earl
Page 528 and 529:
Meath spreads of animal bone were u
Page 530 and 531:
Meath Nevinstown, Co. Meath Early M
Page 532 and 533:
Meath disturbed burial appeared to
Page 534 and 535:
Meath layer of fire-reddened or bur
Page 536 and 537:
Meath Kelly, E. P. 1981. A short st
Page 538 and 539:
Meath suggests a network of trade a
Page 540 and 541:
Meath Beta-196366 Bone from linear
Page 542 and 543:
Meath Raystown, Co. Meath Early Med
Page 544 and 545:
Meath former cereal-drying kiln. Th
Page 546 and 547:
Page 548 and 549:
Meath Roestown 2, Co. Meath Early M
Page 550 and 551:
Meath Fig. 248: Phases from Roestow
Page 552 and 553:
Meath St. Anne’s Chapel (Randalst
Page 554 and 555:
Meath Simonstown, Co. Meath Early M
Page 556 and 557:
Monaghan County Monaghan Fig. 249:
Page 558 and 559:
Monaghan have been used for storage
Page 560 and 561:
Offaly ‘Ballinderry II’ (Ballyn
Page 562 and 563:
Offaly pins (ninth/tenth century da
Page 564 and 565:
Offaly Ballintemple, Co. Offaly Ear
Page 566 and 567:
Offaly Clonmacnoise, Co. Offaly Ear
Page 568 and 569:
Offaly References: Boland, D. & O'S
Page 570 and 571:
Roscommon Cloongownagh, Co. Roscomm
Page 572 and 573:
Roscommon ‘Rathcroghan’, Co. Ro
Page 574 and 575:
Roscommon Tulsk, Co. Roscommon Earl
Page 576 and 577:
Sligo County Sligo Fig. 258: Signif
Page 578 and 579:
Sligo Fig. 259: Post-built structur
Page 580 and 581:
Sligo Inishmurray, Co. Sligo Early
Page 582 and 583:
Sligo Knoxspark, Co. Sligo Early Me
Page 584 and 585:
Sligo References: Mount, C. 1994:20
Page 586 and 587:
Sligo Fig. 262: Outline plan of Mag
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Sligo ‘Rathtinaun’ (Lough Gara
Page 590 and 591:
Sligo discs and 1 rotary quern. The
Page 592 and 593:
Sligo Sroove (Lough Gara td.), Co.
Page 594 and 595:
Tipperary County Tipperary Fig. 264
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Tipperary Fig. 265: Plan of Bowling
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Tipperary saw the building of the p
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Tipperary stones, apparently the bo
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Tipperary Killoran (31), Co. Limeri
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Tipperary Killoran 66, Co. Tipperar
Page 606 and 607:
Tyrone County Tyrone Fig. 270: Sign
Page 608 and 609:
Tyrone Fig. 272: Early medieval Pha
Page 610 and 611:
Tyrone Fig. 273: Excavation plan of
Page 612 and 613:
Tyrone Dunmisk, Co. Tyrone Early Me
Page 614 and 615:
Tyrone Radiocarbon Dates: (PJ Reime
Page 616 and 617:
Tyrone Fig. 276: Excavated area at
Page 618 and 619:
Tyrone Mullaghbane, Co. Tyrone Earl
Page 620 and 621:
Waterford County Waterford Fig. 280
Page 622 and 623:
Waterford Kilgreany, Co. Waterford
Page 624 and 625:
Waterford Fig. 282: Plan of Kilgrea
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Waterford Kill St. Lawrence, Co. Wa
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Waterford ‘Kiltera’ (Dromore td
Page 630 and 631:
Waterford Fig. 283: Plan of Kiltera
Page 632 and 633:
Waterford Little Patrick Street/Bar
Page 634 and 635:
Waterford Ireland and took up at Po
Page 636 and 637:
Waterford There is very little tent
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Waterford eastern half of the earli
Page 640 and 641:
Waterford Though the archaeological
Page 642 and 643:
Waterford Wren 1993 & 1998), the va
Page 644 and 645:
Waterford By the early thirteenth c
Page 646 and 647:
Waterford Fig. 291: Excavated build
Page 648 and 649:
Waterford Fragmentary structural re
Page 650 and 651:
Waterford Large amounts of antler a
Page 652 and 653:
Waterford Hurley, M.F. 1990:108. Ar
Page 654 and 655:
Waterford McCutcheon, S. W. J. & Hu
Page 656 and 657:
Waterford Wallace, P. F. 2005. The
Page 658 and 659:
Waterford A stone metalled entrance
Page 660 and 661:
Waterford It has been suggested tha
Page 662 and 663:
Waterford References: Eogan, J. 200
Page 664 and 665:
Westmeath Ballinderry I, Co. Westme
Page 666 and 667:
Westmeath rectangular house, as the
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Westmeath Clonfad, Co. Westmeath Ea
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Westmeath Kilpatrick, Killucan, (Co
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Westmeath Newtownlow, Co. Westmeath
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Westmeath Rochfort Demesne, Co. Wes
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Westmeath Togherstown, Co. Westmeat
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Westmeath Fig. 300: Plan of enclosu
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Wexford Bride Street, Wexford, Co.
Page 682 and 683:
Wicklow Giltspur, Co. Wicklow Early
Page 685:
UCD School of Archaeology
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